Papers by Kingsley Browne
Oxford University Press eBooks, Jan 26, 2023
Evolution and Human Behavior
Hofstra Labor and Employment Law Journal, 2018
Courts evaluating statistical evidence of discrimination routinely engage in a reasoning process ... more Courts evaluating statistical evidence of discrimination routinely engage in a reasoning process that is widely recognized by statisticians to be fallacious.' In a typical case, an expert would testify that the deviation between the employer's workforce and the workforce that would be "expected" if the employer were selecting randomly with respect to the forbidden criterion of interest (race, sex, etc.) is "statistically significant" because the "p-value" associated with the disparity falls beneath some pre-established level, typically five percent. 2 Courts conclude from that evidence that there is less than a five-percent probability that the disparity occurred by chance. 3 Using the process of "null hypothesis significance testing" ("NHST"), the expert would reject the null hypothesis, which is that any deviations from proportional representation are due to chance. 4 This is enough for many courts to declare that the plaintiff has established a prima facie case of discrimination.s Despite the ubiquity of the above reasoning, it is unambiguously wrong. It is not possible to derive the likelihood that a result is caused by chance from the p-value used in NHST. To equate the p-value with
Evolutionary Forensic Psychology, 2008
Rutgers L. Rev., 1994
Law School. I would like to thank Joseph Grano for helpful comments on a draft of this article.
... 16 Page 25. CHAPTER 2 Sex Differences in Temperament Evolutionary theory predicts that men wi... more ... 16 Page 25. CHAPTER 2 Sex Differences in Temperament Evolutionary theory predicts that men will exhibit greater status-seeking, competitiveness, and nsk-taking than women, and that women will exhibit more nurtur-ing behaviour. ...
Page 1. CO-ED COMBAT THE NEW EVIDENCE THAT WOMEN SHOULDN'T Page 2. Page 3. Page ... more Page 1. CO-ED COMBAT THE NEW EVIDENCE THAT WOMEN SHOULDN'T Page 2. Page 3. Page 4. UO -J>£U.-/J Canada $32.50 THE ISSUE OF WOMEN IN COMBAT IS NO LONGER A THEORETICAL ONE During the 1990s ...
5. See, e.g., Oregon v. Mathiason, 429 U.S. 492 (1977) (per curiam) (warnings not necessary for q... more 5. See, e.g., Oregon v. Mathiason, 429 U.S. 492 (1977) (per curiam) (warnings not necessary for questioning in police station when suspect had come voluntarily and was free to leave); Beckwith v. United States, 425 U.S. 341 (1976) (IRS agent who gave inadequate warnings held not to have violated suspect's rights during questioning in a private residence).
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Papers by Kingsley Browne