A circular economy is a global economic model that aims to decouple economic growth and developme... more A circular economy is a global economic model that aims to decouple economic growth and development from the consumption of finite resources. Increasingly, companies see tremendous opportunity in this model, as it not only allows them to capture additional value from their products and materials, but also to mitigate risks from material price volatility and material supply. Until now, there has been no established way of measuring how effective a company is in making the transition from 'linear' to 'circular' models , nor have there been any supporting tools. The Circularity Indicators Project aims to address this gap and has developed indicators that assess how well a product or company performs in the context of a circular economy, thereby allowing companies to esti mate how advanced they are on their journey from linear to circular. The developed indexes consist of a main indicator, the Material Circularity Indicator, measuring how restorative the material flows of a product or company are, and complementary indicato rs that allow additional impacts and risks to be taken into account. The indicators can be used as decision-making tool for designers, but might also be used for several other purposes including internal reporting, procurement decisions and the evaluation or rating of companies. In addition to the methodology, the Circularity Indicators Project has contributed to the development of a web-based measurement system for products, providing businesses with the tools required to track their progress in delivering a circular economy based business model. The purpose of this methodology paper is to describe the thinking behind this approach, alongside a comprehensive derivation of the equations used to calculate the Material Circularity Indicator.
Kim Marshall had not planned to become a teacher, but the specter of the Vietnam draft led him to... more Kim Marshall had not planned to become a teacher, but the specter of the Vietnam draft led him to seek a deferment by teaching in an urban school. He had no idea at the time that he was beginning a lifelong career. Here, he reflects on his struggle to manage his classroom and teach effectively that first year and the wake-up call that pushed him to improve for the sake of his students.
Real-time coaching has become the go-to supervisory model in some schools (especially charters), ... more Real-time coaching has become the go-to supervisory model in some schools (especially charters), with supervisors routinely jumping in during teacher observations and sometimes taking over the class to model a more effective approach. The author sets out goals and guidelines for impromptu classroom visits that include visiting each classroom at least once a month; being as unobtrusive as possible; sometimes taking videos of classroom interactions; and not using rubric scoring in feedback.
EVEN YEARS ago, I wrote an article for the Kappan that was featured on the cover. It carried a lo... more EVEN YEARS ago, I wrote an article for the Kappan that was featured on the cover. It carried a long-winded title: "How I Confronted HSPS (Hyperactive Superficial Principal Syndrome) and Began to Deal with the Heart of the Matter." In the piece, I described my unsuccessful struggle as a rookie principal to get into classrooms and talk substance with teachers. Then I shared my discovery of what seemed like a good solution: making five-minute visits to five classrooms a day and tracking down each teacher later on (within 24 hours if possible) for a followup conversation. The article did not generate much mail, but it has been widely read and discussed, and (perhaps not as a direct result) the idea of short classroom visits seems to have gained some acceptance. 1 How have I handled teacher supervision since 1996? Did I keep doing five-minute
The process by which most teachers are supervised and evaluated is inefficient, ineffective, and ... more The process by which most teachers are supervised and evaluated is inefficient, ineffective, and a poor use of principals' time, argues Mr. Marshall. It needs to be drastically streamlined and linked to a broader strategy for improving teaching and learning.
Classroom observations, student achievement, and feedback from students are important, but they'l... more Classroom observations, student achievement, and feedback from students are important, but they'll only improve education if they're used wisely. As many states and districts rethink teacher supervision and evaluation, the team at the Measures of Effective Teaching (MET) Project, funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, has analyzed thousands of lesson videotapes and studied the shortcomings of current practices. The tentative conclusion: Teachers should be evaluated on three factors-classroom observations, student achievement gains, and feedback from students. The use of multiple measures is meant to compensate for the imperfections of each individual measure and produce more accurate and helpful evaluations (Kane & Cantrell, 2012). This approach makes sense, but its effectiveness will depend largely on how classroom observations, achievement data, and student feedback are used. Here are some suggestions. Classroom Observations Not surprisingly, MET researchers have found that one classroom observation a year doesn't give an accurate picture of a teacher's work. They suggest several enhancements: using a good rubric for observations, observing teachers four times a year, having more than one observer evaluate each teacher, and improving administrator training. In my view, these don't deal adequately with the serious design flaws in the conventional teacher evaluation model.
THE USE OF MULTIPLE CHOICE TESTS IN LAW KIM MARSHALL University of Westminster Abstract The Chapt... more THE USE OF MULTIPLE CHOICE TESTS IN LAW KIM MARSHALL University of Westminster Abstract The Chapter evaluates the success in using multiple choice tests (MCT) to support student learning on the law degree at the University of Westminster. Law is a subject which does ...
A circular economy is a global economic model that aims to decouple economic growth and developme... more A circular economy is a global economic model that aims to decouple economic growth and development from the consumption of finite resources. Increasingly, companies see tremendous opportunity in this model, as it not only allows them to capture additional value from their products and materials, but also to mitigate risks from material price volatility and material supply. Until now, there has been no established way of measuring how effective a company is in making the transition from 'linear' to 'circular' models , nor have there been any supporting tools. The Circularity Indicators Project aims to address this gap and has developed indicators that assess how well a product or company performs in the context of a circular economy, thereby allowing companies to esti mate how advanced they are on their journey from linear to circular. The developed indexes consist of a main indicator, the Material Circularity Indicator, measuring how restorative the material flows of a product or company are, and complementary indicato rs that allow additional impacts and risks to be taken into account. The indicators can be used as decision-making tool for designers, but might also be used for several other purposes including internal reporting, procurement decisions and the evaluation or rating of companies. In addition to the methodology, the Circularity Indicators Project has contributed to the development of a web-based measurement system for products, providing businesses with the tools required to track their progress in delivering a circular economy based business model. The purpose of this methodology paper is to describe the thinking behind this approach, alongside a comprehensive derivation of the equations used to calculate the Material Circularity Indicator.
Kim Marshall had not planned to become a teacher, but the specter of the Vietnam draft led him to... more Kim Marshall had not planned to become a teacher, but the specter of the Vietnam draft led him to seek a deferment by teaching in an urban school. He had no idea at the time that he was beginning a lifelong career. Here, he reflects on his struggle to manage his classroom and teach effectively that first year and the wake-up call that pushed him to improve for the sake of his students.
Real-time coaching has become the go-to supervisory model in some schools (especially charters), ... more Real-time coaching has become the go-to supervisory model in some schools (especially charters), with supervisors routinely jumping in during teacher observations and sometimes taking over the class to model a more effective approach. The author sets out goals and guidelines for impromptu classroom visits that include visiting each classroom at least once a month; being as unobtrusive as possible; sometimes taking videos of classroom interactions; and not using rubric scoring in feedback.
EVEN YEARS ago, I wrote an article for the Kappan that was featured on the cover. It carried a lo... more EVEN YEARS ago, I wrote an article for the Kappan that was featured on the cover. It carried a long-winded title: "How I Confronted HSPS (Hyperactive Superficial Principal Syndrome) and Began to Deal with the Heart of the Matter." In the piece, I described my unsuccessful struggle as a rookie principal to get into classrooms and talk substance with teachers. Then I shared my discovery of what seemed like a good solution: making five-minute visits to five classrooms a day and tracking down each teacher later on (within 24 hours if possible) for a followup conversation. The article did not generate much mail, but it has been widely read and discussed, and (perhaps not as a direct result) the idea of short classroom visits seems to have gained some acceptance. 1 How have I handled teacher supervision since 1996? Did I keep doing five-minute
The process by which most teachers are supervised and evaluated is inefficient, ineffective, and ... more The process by which most teachers are supervised and evaluated is inefficient, ineffective, and a poor use of principals' time, argues Mr. Marshall. It needs to be drastically streamlined and linked to a broader strategy for improving teaching and learning.
Classroom observations, student achievement, and feedback from students are important, but they'l... more Classroom observations, student achievement, and feedback from students are important, but they'll only improve education if they're used wisely. As many states and districts rethink teacher supervision and evaluation, the team at the Measures of Effective Teaching (MET) Project, funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, has analyzed thousands of lesson videotapes and studied the shortcomings of current practices. The tentative conclusion: Teachers should be evaluated on three factors-classroom observations, student achievement gains, and feedback from students. The use of multiple measures is meant to compensate for the imperfections of each individual measure and produce more accurate and helpful evaluations (Kane & Cantrell, 2012). This approach makes sense, but its effectiveness will depend largely on how classroom observations, achievement data, and student feedback are used. Here are some suggestions. Classroom Observations Not surprisingly, MET researchers have found that one classroom observation a year doesn't give an accurate picture of a teacher's work. They suggest several enhancements: using a good rubric for observations, observing teachers four times a year, having more than one observer evaluate each teacher, and improving administrator training. In my view, these don't deal adequately with the serious design flaws in the conventional teacher evaluation model.
THE USE OF MULTIPLE CHOICE TESTS IN LAW KIM MARSHALL University of Westminster Abstract The Chapt... more THE USE OF MULTIPLE CHOICE TESTS IN LAW KIM MARSHALL University of Westminster Abstract The Chapter evaluates the success in using multiple choice tests (MCT) to support student learning on the law degree at the University of Westminster. Law is a subject which does ...
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