Analyzing the evolution of warfare in nature and character has been captured by analysts and poli... more Analyzing the evolution of warfare in nature and character has been captured by analysts and policy makers in different fields, military, politically and legally. With the new forms of warfare and the emerging role of new actors with strong ability to destabilize an order in any state, combined with other Hybrid tactics and means. Hybrid Warfare (hereinafter HW) theory and its unique features made it one of the most important topics to be analyzed and examined. Therefore, the main purpose of this paper is to highlight the legal challenges that are imposed by HW means as Law plays a cardinal role in regulating war, and in drawing the line between war and peace. HW creates a challenge in contemporary conflicts for what law is applicable, and what is permissible or not permissible with the lack of clear characterization of the conflict, whether it is civil unrest, proxy war, or armed conflict. In this matter, policy makers struggled to grasp what Hybrid threats means, and the legal cha...
This article will focus on the legal framework that applies to the Arctic ocean and highlight the... more This article will focus on the legal framework that applies to the Arctic ocean and highlight the legal grey areas that hybrid campaigns could invest in to violate international maritime law and law relating to the use of force.
Starting as a branch of Al Qaeda and transforming to a new phase of armed group, imposing a terri... more Starting as a branch of Al Qaeda and transforming to a new phase of armed group, imposing a territory control and governance as a state and then proclaiming itself as a Caliphate in the prophetic Islamic Method, ISIS has clearly challenged the international law from different approaches. The aim of this article is to address the problem imposed by ISIS and combat it from an interdisciplinary approach, therefore it examines the international legal obligations of ISIS as well the legality of countermeasures by states against it in accordance with the United Nations charter (Use of force and Self-Defense), International Humanitarian law , International Human Rights law. On the other hand legal or military means are not the only solution, but rather complementary political, economic and sociological measures will be fruitful with the long struggle to combat ISIS ideology. ISIS is a hybrid non-state armed group and cannot be targeted except by hybrid means.
The article will examine the applicability of international laws to cyber affairs by focusing on ... more The article will examine the applicability of international laws to cyber affairs by focusing on cyber-attacks that fall under the jus ad bellum the law relating resort to the use of force in the cyber field; and analyzing the applicability of article 2/4 of the UN charter as well the right to self-defense articulated in article 51 of the UN charter; on the other hand will analyze how the legal parameters of IHL (jus in bello) apply to cyber operations in armed conflicts.
Legal Complexities of Hybrid Threats in the Arctic Region, 2018
This article will focus on the legal framework that applies to the Arctic ocean and highlight the... more This article will focus on the legal framework that applies to the Arctic ocean and highlight the legal grey areas that hybrid campaigns could invest in to violate international maritime law and law relating to the use of force. Keywords: jus ad bellum, the law of the sea, hybrid threats, Arctic region.
Hibridinių grėsmių Arkties regione teisiniai iššūkiai Straipsnyje daugiausia dėmesio skiriama teisinei sistemai, sutartims ir kitiems teisės aktams, kurie taikomi Arkties vandenyno teritorijai bei pilkųjų zonų apibrėžimui, taip pat nustatyti, kur būtų galima taikyti hibridinę taktiką ir operacijas nepažeidžiant tarptautinės jūrų teisės ir teisės, reguliuojančios jėgos draudimą.
The Virtual Trojan Horse in Modern Conflicts, 2018
Internet, the wonderful instrument of knowledge, freedom, and communication is an invisible world... more Internet, the wonderful instrument of knowledge, freedom, and communication is an invisible world with lots of visible consequences. As Eric Winsborrow; CEO at Shadow Networks; noted: "Battles are not fought with bullets or weapons, Today spies are Cyber Spies". The article will examine the applicability of international laws to cyber affairs by focusing on Cyber-attacks that fall under the jus ad bellum the law relating resort to the use of force in the cyber field; by analyzing the applicability of article 2/4 of the UN charter as well the right to self-defense articulated in article 51 of the UN charter; on the other hand, will analyze how the legal parameters of IHL (Jus in Bello) apply to cyber operations in armed conflicts. The article argues that although international law applies to cyber operations some of the main features of cyber operations can create a problem in practice such as attribution, state responsibility and the intensity threshold of an armed attack in cyber paradigm. As well it is considered a mystery to IHL in some areas as such law was created to govern Conventional conflicts but Cyber-attacks features do malfunction them especially when it comes to cardinal principles of IHL.
Starting as a branch of Al Qaeda and transforming to a new phase of armed group, imposing a terri... more Starting as a branch of Al Qaeda and transforming to a new phase of armed group, imposing a territory control and governance as a state and then proclaiming itself as a Caliphate in the prophetic Islamic Method, ISIS has clearly challenged the international law from different approaches. The aim of this article is to address the problem imposed by ISIS and combat it from an interdisciplinary approach, therefore it examines the international legal obligations of ISIS as well the legality of countermeasures by states against it in accordance with the United Nations charter (Use of force and Self-Defense), International Humanitarian law , International Human Rights law. On the other hand legal or military means are not the only solution, but rather complementary political, economic and sociological measures will be fruitful with the long struggle to combat ISIS ideology. ISIS is a hybrid non-state armed group and cannot be targeted except by hybrid means.
Analyzing the evolution of warfare in nature and character has been captured by analysts and poli... more Analyzing the evolution of warfare in nature and character has been captured by analysts and policy makers in different fields, military, politically and legally. With the new forms of warfare and the emerging role of new actors with strong ability to destabilize an order in any state, combined with other Hybrid tactics and means, Hybrid Warfare (hereinafter HW) theory and its unique features made it one of the most important topics to be analyzed and examined.
Therefore, the main purpose of this paper is to highlight the legal challenges that are imposed by HW means as Law plays a cardinal role in regulating war, and in drawing the line between war and peace. HW creates a challenge in contemporary conflicts for what law is applicable, and what is permissible or not permissible with the lack of clear characterization of the conflict, whether it is civil unrest, proxy war, or armed conflict. In this matter, policy makers struggled to grasp what Hybrid threats means, and the legal challenges it impose.
We live in a global society which is supported by a global economy -and that economy simply could... more We live in a global society which is supported by a global economy -and that economy simply could not function if it were not for ships and the shipping industry. Shipping is truly the lynchpin of the global economy: without shipping, intercontinental trade, the bulk transport of raw materials and the import/export of affordable food and manufactured goods would simply not be possible.
Analyzing the evolution of warfare in nature and character has been captured by analysts and poli... more Analyzing the evolution of warfare in nature and character has been captured by analysts and policy makers in different fields, military, politically and legally. With the new forms of warfare and the emerging role of new actors with strong ability to destabilize an order in any state, combined with other Hybrid tactics and means. Hybrid Warfare (hereinafter HW) theory and its unique features made it one of the most important topics to be analyzed and examined. Therefore, the main purpose of this paper is to highlight the legal challenges that are imposed by HW means as Law plays a cardinal role in regulating war, and in drawing the line between war and peace. HW creates a challenge in contemporary conflicts for what law is applicable, and what is permissible or not permissible with the lack of clear characterization of the conflict, whether it is civil unrest, proxy war, or armed conflict. In this matter, policy makers struggled to grasp what Hybrid threats means, and the legal cha...
This article will focus on the legal framework that applies to the Arctic ocean and highlight the... more This article will focus on the legal framework that applies to the Arctic ocean and highlight the legal grey areas that hybrid campaigns could invest in to violate international maritime law and law relating to the use of force.
Starting as a branch of Al Qaeda and transforming to a new phase of armed group, imposing a terri... more Starting as a branch of Al Qaeda and transforming to a new phase of armed group, imposing a territory control and governance as a state and then proclaiming itself as a Caliphate in the prophetic Islamic Method, ISIS has clearly challenged the international law from different approaches. The aim of this article is to address the problem imposed by ISIS and combat it from an interdisciplinary approach, therefore it examines the international legal obligations of ISIS as well the legality of countermeasures by states against it in accordance with the United Nations charter (Use of force and Self-Defense), International Humanitarian law , International Human Rights law. On the other hand legal or military means are not the only solution, but rather complementary political, economic and sociological measures will be fruitful with the long struggle to combat ISIS ideology. ISIS is a hybrid non-state armed group and cannot be targeted except by hybrid means.
The article will examine the applicability of international laws to cyber affairs by focusing on ... more The article will examine the applicability of international laws to cyber affairs by focusing on cyber-attacks that fall under the jus ad bellum the law relating resort to the use of force in the cyber field; and analyzing the applicability of article 2/4 of the UN charter as well the right to self-defense articulated in article 51 of the UN charter; on the other hand will analyze how the legal parameters of IHL (jus in bello) apply to cyber operations in armed conflicts.
Legal Complexities of Hybrid Threats in the Arctic Region, 2018
This article will focus on the legal framework that applies to the Arctic ocean and highlight the... more This article will focus on the legal framework that applies to the Arctic ocean and highlight the legal grey areas that hybrid campaigns could invest in to violate international maritime law and law relating to the use of force. Keywords: jus ad bellum, the law of the sea, hybrid threats, Arctic region.
Hibridinių grėsmių Arkties regione teisiniai iššūkiai Straipsnyje daugiausia dėmesio skiriama teisinei sistemai, sutartims ir kitiems teisės aktams, kurie taikomi Arkties vandenyno teritorijai bei pilkųjų zonų apibrėžimui, taip pat nustatyti, kur būtų galima taikyti hibridinę taktiką ir operacijas nepažeidžiant tarptautinės jūrų teisės ir teisės, reguliuojančios jėgos draudimą.
The Virtual Trojan Horse in Modern Conflicts, 2018
Internet, the wonderful instrument of knowledge, freedom, and communication is an invisible world... more Internet, the wonderful instrument of knowledge, freedom, and communication is an invisible world with lots of visible consequences. As Eric Winsborrow; CEO at Shadow Networks; noted: "Battles are not fought with bullets or weapons, Today spies are Cyber Spies". The article will examine the applicability of international laws to cyber affairs by focusing on Cyber-attacks that fall under the jus ad bellum the law relating resort to the use of force in the cyber field; by analyzing the applicability of article 2/4 of the UN charter as well the right to self-defense articulated in article 51 of the UN charter; on the other hand, will analyze how the legal parameters of IHL (Jus in Bello) apply to cyber operations in armed conflicts. The article argues that although international law applies to cyber operations some of the main features of cyber operations can create a problem in practice such as attribution, state responsibility and the intensity threshold of an armed attack in cyber paradigm. As well it is considered a mystery to IHL in some areas as such law was created to govern Conventional conflicts but Cyber-attacks features do malfunction them especially when it comes to cardinal principles of IHL.
Starting as a branch of Al Qaeda and transforming to a new phase of armed group, imposing a terri... more Starting as a branch of Al Qaeda and transforming to a new phase of armed group, imposing a territory control and governance as a state and then proclaiming itself as a Caliphate in the prophetic Islamic Method, ISIS has clearly challenged the international law from different approaches. The aim of this article is to address the problem imposed by ISIS and combat it from an interdisciplinary approach, therefore it examines the international legal obligations of ISIS as well the legality of countermeasures by states against it in accordance with the United Nations charter (Use of force and Self-Defense), International Humanitarian law , International Human Rights law. On the other hand legal or military means are not the only solution, but rather complementary political, economic and sociological measures will be fruitful with the long struggle to combat ISIS ideology. ISIS is a hybrid non-state armed group and cannot be targeted except by hybrid means.
Analyzing the evolution of warfare in nature and character has been captured by analysts and poli... more Analyzing the evolution of warfare in nature and character has been captured by analysts and policy makers in different fields, military, politically and legally. With the new forms of warfare and the emerging role of new actors with strong ability to destabilize an order in any state, combined with other Hybrid tactics and means, Hybrid Warfare (hereinafter HW) theory and its unique features made it one of the most important topics to be analyzed and examined.
Therefore, the main purpose of this paper is to highlight the legal challenges that are imposed by HW means as Law plays a cardinal role in regulating war, and in drawing the line between war and peace. HW creates a challenge in contemporary conflicts for what law is applicable, and what is permissible or not permissible with the lack of clear characterization of the conflict, whether it is civil unrest, proxy war, or armed conflict. In this matter, policy makers struggled to grasp what Hybrid threats means, and the legal challenges it impose.
We live in a global society which is supported by a global economy -and that economy simply could... more We live in a global society which is supported by a global economy -and that economy simply could not function if it were not for ships and the shipping industry. Shipping is truly the lynchpin of the global economy: without shipping, intercontinental trade, the bulk transport of raw materials and the import/export of affordable food and manufactured goods would simply not be possible.
Analyzing the evolution of warfare in nature and character has been captured by analysts and poli... more Analyzing the evolution of warfare in nature and character has been captured by analysts and policymakers in different fields, military, politically and legally. With the new forms of warfare and the emerging role of new actors with strong ability to destabilize an order in any state, combined with other Hybrid tactics and means.
Hybrid Warfare (hereinafter HW) theory and its unique features made it one of the most important topics to be analyzed and examined. Therefore, the main purpose of this paper is to highlight the legal challenges that are imposed by HW means as Law plays a cardinal role in regulating war, and in drawing the line between war and peace. HW creates a challenge in contemporary conflicts for what law is applicable, and what is permissible or not permissible with the lack of clear characterization of the conflict, whether it is civil unrest, proxy war, or armed conflict. In this matter, policymakers struggled to grasp what Hybrid threats means, and the legal challenges it imposes.
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Papers by Alaa Al Aridi
Hibridinių grėsmių Arkties regione teisiniai iššūkiai Straipsnyje daugiausia dėmesio skiriama teisinei sistemai, sutartims ir kitiems teisės aktams, kurie taikomi Arkties vandenyno teritorijai bei pilkųjų zonų apibrėžimui, taip pat nustatyti, kur būtų galima taikyti hibridinę taktiką ir operacijas nepažeidžiant tarptautinės jūrų teisės ir teisės, reguliuojančios jėgos draudimą.
Therefore, the main purpose of this paper is to highlight the legal challenges that are imposed by HW means as Law plays a cardinal role in regulating war, and in drawing the line between war and peace. HW creates a challenge in contemporary conflicts for what law is applicable, and what is permissible or not permissible with the lack of clear characterization of the conflict, whether it is civil unrest, proxy war, or armed conflict. In this matter, policy makers struggled to grasp what Hybrid threats means, and the legal challenges it impose.
Hibridinių grėsmių Arkties regione teisiniai iššūkiai Straipsnyje daugiausia dėmesio skiriama teisinei sistemai, sutartims ir kitiems teisės aktams, kurie taikomi Arkties vandenyno teritorijai bei pilkųjų zonų apibrėžimui, taip pat nustatyti, kur būtų galima taikyti hibridinę taktiką ir operacijas nepažeidžiant tarptautinės jūrų teisės ir teisės, reguliuojančios jėgos draudimą.
Therefore, the main purpose of this paper is to highlight the legal challenges that are imposed by HW means as Law plays a cardinal role in regulating war, and in drawing the line between war and peace. HW creates a challenge in contemporary conflicts for what law is applicable, and what is permissible or not permissible with the lack of clear characterization of the conflict, whether it is civil unrest, proxy war, or armed conflict. In this matter, policy makers struggled to grasp what Hybrid threats means, and the legal challenges it impose.
Hybrid Warfare (hereinafter HW) theory and its unique features made it one of the most important topics to be analyzed and examined. Therefore, the main purpose of this paper is to highlight the legal challenges that are imposed by HW means as Law plays a cardinal role in regulating war, and in drawing the line between war and peace. HW creates a challenge in contemporary conflicts for what law is applicable, and what is permissible or not permissible with the lack of clear characterization of the conflict, whether it is civil unrest, proxy war, or armed conflict. In this matter, policymakers struggled to grasp what Hybrid threats means, and the legal challenges it imposes.