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Kongo Demokratik Respublikasida davlat toʻntarishiga urinish (2024): Versiyalar orasidagi farq

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2024-yil 19-mayda [[Kongo Demokratik Respublikasi]]da (KDR) davlat toʻntarishiga urinish boʻlib oʻtdi<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2024-05-19 |title=Congolese army says shootout in the capital is failed coup, perpetrators arrested |url=https://apnews.com/article/congo-kinshasa-gunfire-1a148e35f0cbbae14b2101413f788708 |access-date=2024-05-19 |website=AP News|first1=Christina|last1=Malkia|first2=Chinedu|last2=Asadu |language=en |archive-date=2024-05-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240519105259/https://apnews.com/article/congo-kinshasa-gunfire-1a148e35f0cbbae14b2101413f788708 |url-status=live }}</ref>. Prezident [[Félix Tshisekedi]] va uning Iqtisodiyot vaziri Vital Kamerheni nishonga olgan kuchli qurollangan bosqinchilar ''Palais de la Nation'' va ''Kamerhe'' qarorgohiga hujum qilishdi. Bu bilan bir vaqtda [[Kongo Respublikasi]] (RCh) poytaxti [[Brazzavil]]da portlagan jangovar snaryadlar ham bir nechta jarohatlarga sabab boʻldi.


2024-yil 19-mayda [[Kongo Demokratik Respublikasi]]da (KDR) davlat toʻntarishiga urinish boʻlib oʻtgan<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2024-05-19 |title=Congolese army says shootout in the capital is failed coup, perpetrators arrested |url=https://apnews.com/article/congo-kinshasa-gunfire-1a148e35f0cbbae14b2101413f788708 |access-date=2024-05-19 |website=AP News|first1=Christina|last1=Malkia|first2=Chinedu|last2=Asadu |language=en |archive-date=2024-05-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240519105259/https://apnews.com/article/congo-kinshasa-gunfire-1a148e35f0cbbae14b2101413f788708 |url-status=live }}</ref>. Prezident [[Félix Tshisekedi]] va uning Iqtisodiyot vaziri Vital Kamerheni nishonga olgan kuchli qurollangan bosqinchilar ''Palais de la Nation'' va ''Kamerhe'' qarorgohiga hujum qilishgan. Bu bilan bir vaqtda [[Kongo Respublikasi]] (RCh) poytaxti [[Brazzavil]]da portlagan jangovar snaryadlar ham bir nechta halokatlarga sabab boʻlgan.
Toʻntarishga harakatlar xavfsizlik kuchlari tomonidan tezda toʻxtatildi. Toʻntarishning orkestratori, asli kongolik Amerika fuqorosi [[Christian Malanga]] 2010-yilda [[AQSh]]da roʻyxatdan oʻtgan [[Birlashgan Kongo partiyasi]]ga asos solgan va 2017-yilda [[Belgiya]]da oʻzini [[Yangi Zair hukumati]]ning prezidenti deb eʼlon qilgan. U urunish paytida oʻldirildi.

Toʻntarishga harakatlar xavfsizlik kuchlari tomonidan tezda toʻxtatilgan. Toʻntarishning asosiy boshqaruvchisi, asli kongolik Amerika fuqorosi [[Christian Malanga]] 2010-yilda [[AQSh]]da roʻyxatdan oʻtgan [[Birlashgan Kongo partiyasi]]ga asos solgan va 2017-yilda [[Belgiya]]da oʻzini [[Yangi Zair hukumati]]ning prezidenti deb eʼlon qilgan. U urunishlar paytida oʻldirilgan.


== Kelib chiqishi ==
== Kelib chiqishi ==
Davlat toʻntarishiga urinish prezident [[Félix Tshisekedi]]ning hukmron partiyasini qamrab olgan siyosiy inqiroz davrida yuz berdi. Inqiroz avvaliga 2024-yil 18-mayga belgilangan, ammo keyinroq kechiktirilgan parlament rahbariyatiga saylovlar sababli boʻlib oʻtdi<ref name=":0" />. Nishon qilingan siyosatchilardan biri Tshisekedining ittifoqchisi, Milliy Assambleya prezidentligi uchun daʼvogarlik qilayotgan<ref name="apcoup"/> iqtisodiyot vaziri Vital Kamerhe edi<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2024-05-19 |title=RDC: situation confuse à Kinshasa autour de la résidence de Vital Kamerhe |url=https://www.rfi.fr/fr/afrique/20240519-rdc-situation-confuse-kinshasa-r%C3%A9sidence-de-vital-kamerhe-la-gomb%C3%A9 |access-date=2024-05-19 |website=RFI |language=fr}}</ref>.
Davlat toʻntarishiga urinish prezident [[Félix Tshisekedi]]ning hukmron partiyasini qamrab olgan siyosiy inqiroz davrida yuz beradi. Inqiroz avvaliga 2024-yil 18-mayga belgilangan, ammo keyinroq kechiktirilgan. Bunga parlament rahbariyati uchun o'tkazilgan saylovlar sabab boʻlgan<ref name=":0" />. Nishonga olingan siyosatchilardan biri Tshisekedining ittifoqchisi, Milliy Assambleya prezidentligi uchun daʼvogarlik qilayotgan<ref name="apcoup"/> iqtisodiyot vaziri Vital Kamerhe edi<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2024-05-19 |title=RDC: situation confuse à Kinshasa autour de la résidence de Vital Kamerhe |url=https://www.rfi.fr/fr/afrique/20240519-rdc-situation-confuse-kinshasa-r%C3%A9sidence-de-vital-kamerhe-la-gomb%C3%A9 |access-date=2024-05-19 |website=RFI |language=fr}}</ref>.


== Voqealar ==
== Voqealar ==
Poytaxt [[Kinshasa]]da 19-may taxminan soat 04:30 da<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite news |title=Kalaschnikow im Livestream |url=https://taz.de/Putschversuch-in-der-DR-Kongo/!6011294/ |access-date=2024-05-20 |website=[[Die Tageszeitung]] |date=20 May 2024 |last1=Schlindwein |first1=Simone }}</ref> hujumchilar kirishga muvaffaq boʻlgan ''Palais du Peuple'' yaqinida<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kappès-Grangé |first=Anne |date=19 May 2024 |title=En RDC, une tentative de coup d'État « étouffée dans l'œuf » |url=https://www.jeuneafrique.com/1569611/politique/rdc-une-tentative-de-coup-detat-etouffee-dans-loeuf/ |url-status=live |work=Jeune Afrique |access-date=19 May 2024 |archive-date=19 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240519105306/https://www.jeuneafrique.com/1569611/politique/rdc-une-tentative-de-coup-detat-etouffee-dans-loeuf/ }}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=2024-05-19 |title=Coup in DR Congo: Congolese army confirm shootout in di capital na failed coup |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/articles/cgxx2zppyp0o |access-date=2024-05-19 |website=BBC News Pidgin |archive-date=2024-05-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240519105302/https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/articles/cgxx2zppyp0o |url-status=live }}</ref> avtomatlar tutgan kamuflyaj kiygan erkaklar va xavfsizlik kuchlari<ref name="apcoup"/> oʻrtasidagi toʻqnashuvlar boʻlayotganligi haqida xabar berilgan<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=2024-05-19 |title=Attaque à Kinshasa : ce que l'armée congolaise a dit sur "une tentative de coup d'Etat" |url=https://www.bbc.com/afrique/articles/cn33len9n12o |access-date=2024-05-19 |website=BBC News Afrique|first1=Emery|last1=Makumeno|first2=Mbelechi|last2=Msochi |language=fr |archive-date=2024-05-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240519105302/https://www.bbc.com/afrique/articles/cn33len9n12o |url-status=live }}</ref>. Boshqa tarafdan yigirma kishi<ref name="bbccoup">{{Cite web |date=2024-05-19 |title=DR Congo army says it has thwarted attempted coup |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cxeeydypv32o |access-date=2024-05-19 |website=France 24 |language=en |archive-date=19 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240519220616/https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cxeeydypv32o |url-status=live }}</ref> Vital Kamerxening Gombe kommunasida joylashgan<ref name="f24coup">{{Cite web |date=2024-05-19 |title=DR Congo army says it has thwarted attempted coup in Kinshasa |url=https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20240519-dr-congo-army-says-it-has-thwarted-attempted-coup-in-kinshasa |access-date=2024-05-19 |website=France 24 |language=en |archive-date=19 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240519165200/https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20240519-dr-congo-army-says-it-has-thwarted-attempted-coup-in-kinshasa |url-status=live }}</ref> Tshatshi Boulevard<ref name=":1"/> qarorgohiga hujum qildi va qoʻriqchilari qarshiligiga duch kelishdi<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2024-05-19 |title=Gunfire rings out in Congo's capital as men in military uniform clash with politician's guards |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/world/gunfire-congos-military-uniform-clash-politicians-guards-9338576/ |access-date=2024-05-19 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=2024-05-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240519105305/https://indianexpress.com/article/world/gunfire-congos-military-uniform-clash-politicians-guards-9338576/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-19 |title=RDC : l'armée affirme avoir déjoué un coup d'État |url=https://actualite.cd/2024/05/19/rdc-larmee-affirme-avoir-dejoue-un-coup-detat |access-date=2024-05-19 |website=Actualite.cd |language=fr |archive-date=2024-05-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240519105304/https://actualite.cd/2024/05/19/rdc-larmee-affirme-avoir-dejoue-un-coup-detat |url-status=live }}</ref>. Shuningdek, prezident qarorgohi kirish qismi boʻlmish''Palais de la Nation'' yaqinida<ref name="f24coup"/> otishma ovozlari eshitildi<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-21 |title=Kinshasa resumes normalcy following presidential palace attack |url=https://www.africanews.com/2024/05/21/kinshasa-resumes-normalcy-following-presidential-palace-attack/ |access-date=2024-05-21 |website=Africanews |language=en |archive-date=21 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521152211/https://www.africanews.com/2024/05/21/kinshasa-resumes-normalcy-following-presidential-palace-attack/ |url-status=live }}</ref>.
Poytaxt [[Kinshasa]]da 19-may taxminan soat 04:30 da<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite news |title=Kalaschnikow im Livestream |url=https://taz.de/Putschversuch-in-der-DR-Kongo/!6011294/ |access-date=2024-05-20 |website=[[Die Tageszeitung]] |date=20 May 2024 |last1=Schlindwein |first1=Simone }}</ref> hujumchilar kirishga muvaffaq boʻlgan ''Palais du Peuple'' yaqinida<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kappès-Grangé |first=Anne |date=19 May 2024 |title=En RDC, une tentative de coup d'État « étouffée dans l'œuf » |url=https://www.jeuneafrique.com/1569611/politique/rdc-une-tentative-de-coup-detat-etouffee-dans-loeuf/ |url-status=live |work=Jeune Afrique |access-date=19 May 2024 |archive-date=19 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240519105306/https://www.jeuneafrique.com/1569611/politique/rdc-une-tentative-de-coup-detat-etouffee-dans-loeuf/ }}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=2024-05-19 |title=Coup in DR Congo: Congolese army confirm shootout in di capital na failed coup |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/articles/cgxx2zppyp0o |access-date=2024-05-19 |website=BBC News Pidgin |archive-date=2024-05-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240519105302/https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/articles/cgxx2zppyp0o |url-status=live }}</ref> avtomatlar tutgan, kamuflyaj kiygan erkaklar va xavfsizlik kuchlari<ref name="apcoup"/> oʻrtasidagi toʻqnashuvlar boʻlayotganligi haqida xabar berilgan<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=2024-05-19 |title=Attaque à Kinshasa : ce que l'armée congolaise a dit sur "une tentative de coup d'Etat" |url=https://www.bbc.com/afrique/articles/cn33len9n12o |access-date=2024-05-19 |website=BBC News Afrique|first1=Emery|last1=Makumeno|first2=Mbelechi|last2=Msochi |language=fr |archive-date=2024-05-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240519105302/https://www.bbc.com/afrique/articles/cn33len9n12o |url-status=live }}</ref>. Boshqa tarafdan yigirma kishi<ref name="bbccoup">{{Cite web |date=2024-05-19 |title=DR Congo army says it has thwarted attempted coup |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cxeeydypv32o |access-date=2024-05-19 |website=France 24 |language=en |archive-date=19 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240519220616/https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cxeeydypv32o |url-status=live }}</ref> Vital Kamerxening Gombe kommunasida joylashgan<ref name="f24coup">{{Cite web |date=2024-05-19 |title=DR Congo army says it has thwarted attempted coup in Kinshasa |url=https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20240519-dr-congo-army-says-it-has-thwarted-attempted-coup-in-kinshasa |access-date=2024-05-19 |website=France 24 |language=en |archive-date=19 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240519165200/https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20240519-dr-congo-army-says-it-has-thwarted-attempted-coup-in-kinshasa |url-status=live }}</ref> Tshatshi Boulevard<ref name=":1"/> qarorgohiga hujum qiladi va qoʻriqchilarning qarshiligiga duch kelishadi<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2024-05-19 |title=Gunfire rings out in Congo's capital as men in military uniform clash with politician's guards |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/world/gunfire-congos-military-uniform-clash-politicians-guards-9338576/ |access-date=2024-05-19 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=2024-05-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240519105305/https://indianexpress.com/article/world/gunfire-congos-military-uniform-clash-politicians-guards-9338576/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-19 |title=RDC : l'armée affirme avoir déjoué un coup d'État |url=https://actualite.cd/2024/05/19/rdc-larmee-affirme-avoir-dejoue-un-coup-detat |access-date=2024-05-19 |website=Actualite.cd |language=fr |archive-date=2024-05-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240519105304/https://actualite.cd/2024/05/19/rdc-larmee-affirme-avoir-dejoue-un-coup-detat |url-status=live }}</ref>. Shuningdek, prezident qarorgohi kirish qismi boʻlmish ''Palais de la Nation'' yaqinida ham<ref name="f24coup"/> otishma ovozlari eshitiladi<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-21 |title=Kinshasa resumes normalcy following presidential palace attack |url=https://www.africanews.com/2024/05/21/kinshasa-resumes-normalcy-following-presidential-palace-attack/ |access-date=2024-05-21 |website=Africanews |language=en |archive-date=21 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521152211/https://www.africanews.com/2024/05/21/kinshasa-resumes-normalcy-following-presidential-palace-attack/ |url-status=live }}</ref>.


Kamida 50 kishi, jumladan 3 nafar [[AQSh]] fuqarosi davlat toʻntarishiga urinishda ayblanib hibsga olingan<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-20 |title=DRC: Coup attempt leader killed by Congolese army |url=https://www.africanews.com/2024/05/20/drc-the-leader-of-the-coup-attempt-killed-by-the-congolese-army/ |access-date=2024-05-20 |website=Africanews |language=en |archive-date=20 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240520115456/https://www.africanews.com/2024/05/20/drc-the-leader-of-the-coup-attempt-killed-by-the-congolese-army// |url-status=live }}</ref>. Ulardan baʼzilari [[Kanada pasporti]]ni ham olib yurgani xabar qilingan<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Jacques |first=SIKA Jean |date=2024-05-19 |title=RDC : la Garde républicaine a interpellé un groupe d'assaillants qui ont attaqué la résidence de Vital Kamerhe et ont fait une incursion au Palais de la nation |url=https://lesechos-congobrazza.com/politique/10193-rdc-la-garde-republicaine-a-interpelle-un-groupe-d-assaillants-qui-ont-attaque-la-residence-de-vital-kamerhe-et-ont-fait-une-incursion-au-palais-de-la-nation |access-date=2024-05-19 |website=Les Echos du Congo Brazzaville |language=fr-fr |archive-date=2024-05-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240519105308/https://lesechos-congobrazza.com/politique/10193-rdc-la-garde-republicaine-a-interpelle-un-groupe-d-assaillants-qui-ont-attaque-la-residence-de-vital-kamerhe-et-ont-fait-une-incursion-au-palais-de-la-nation |url-status=live }}</ref>.
Kamida 50 kishi, jumladan 3 nafar [[AQSh]] fuqarosi davlat toʻntarishiga urinishda ayblanib hibsga olingan<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-20 |title=DRC: Coup attempt leader killed by Congolese army |url=https://www.africanews.com/2024/05/20/drc-the-leader-of-the-coup-attempt-killed-by-the-congolese-army/ |access-date=2024-05-20 |website=Africanews |language=en |archive-date=20 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240520115456/https://www.africanews.com/2024/05/20/drc-the-leader-of-the-coup-attempt-killed-by-the-congolese-army// |url-status=live }}</ref>. Ulardan baʼzilari o'zi bilan [[Kanada pasporti]]ni ham olib yurgani xabar qilingan<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Jacques |first=SIKA Jean |date=2024-05-19 |title=RDC : la Garde républicaine a interpellé un groupe d'assaillants qui ont attaqué la résidence de Vital Kamerhe et ont fait une incursion au Palais de la nation |url=https://lesechos-congobrazza.com/politique/10193-rdc-la-garde-republicaine-a-interpelle-un-groupe-d-assaillants-qui-ont-attaque-la-residence-de-vital-kamerhe-et-ont-fait-une-incursion-au-palais-de-la-nation |access-date=2024-05-19 |website=Les Echos du Congo Brazzaville |language=fr-fr |archive-date=2024-05-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240519105308/https://lesechos-congobrazza.com/politique/10193-rdc-la-garde-republicaine-a-interpelle-un-groupe-d-assaillants-qui-ont-attaque-la-residence-de-vital-kamerhe-et-ont-fait-une-incursion-au-palais-de-la-nation |url-status=live }}</ref>.


Hujumchilar [[Mobutu Sese Seko|Mobutu]] diktaturasi davrida maʼlum boʻlgan [[Kongo|Zaire bayroqlari]]ni koʻrsatishgan. Hujumchilarning baʼzilarining kiyimida [[AQSh bayrogʻi]] tushirilgan yamoqlar ham borligi aytilmoqda<ref name="FTMay24">{{Cite web |url=https://www.ft.com/content/9b928e98-3221-4db4-8ad2-56a83280e98a |title=Congolese forces claim to have thwarted coup 'involving foreign nationals' |date=2024-05-19 |access-date=2024-05-20 |website=[[Financial Times]] |last=Schipani |first=Andres |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240519202627/https://www.ft.com/content/9b928e98-3221-4db4-8ad2-56a83280e98a |archive-date=2024-05-20}}</ref>. Ular rejim oʻzgarishini koʻrishni istashlarini eʼlon qilgan<ref name=":3"/>. Ijtimoiy tarmoqlarda tarqalayotgan suratlarda [[AK47]] bilan qurollangan harbiy charchoqdagi va ingliz tilida „yoʻqolsin Tshisekedi“ {{lang-en|Tshisekedi out}} deb hayqiyotgan erkaklar aks etgan<ref name=":5" />. Christian Malanga oʻzining [[Facebook]] sahifasida ''Palais de la Nation'' kiraverishida Zair bayrogʻi bilan kamuflyaj kiygan erkaklar tasvirlangan videoni joyladi<ref name="FTMay24" />.
Hujumchilar [[Mobutu Sese Seko|Mobutu]] diktaturasi davrida maʼlum boʻlgan [[Kongo|Zaire bayroqlari]]ni koʻrsatishgan. Hujumchilarning baʼzilari kiyimida [[AQSh bayrogʻi]] tushirilgan yamoqlar borligi aytilmoqda<ref name="FTMay24">{{Cite web |url=https://www.ft.com/content/9b928e98-3221-4db4-8ad2-56a83280e98a |title=Congolese forces claim to have thwarted coup 'involving foreign nationals' |date=2024-05-19 |access-date=2024-05-20 |website=[[Financial Times]] |last=Schipani |first=Andres |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240519202627/https://www.ft.com/content/9b928e98-3221-4db4-8ad2-56a83280e98a |archive-date=2024-05-20}}</ref>. Ular rejim oʻzgarishini koʻrishni istashlarini maʼlum qilishgan<ref name=":3"/>. Ijtimoiy tarmoqlarda tarqalayotgan suratlarda, [[AK47]] bilan qurollangan harbiy uchoqdagi, ingliz tilida „yoʻqolsin Tshisekedi“ ({{lang-en|Tshisekedi out}}) deb hayqiyotgan erkaklar aks etgan<ref name=":5" />. Christian Malanga oʻzining [[Facebook]] sahifasida ''Palais de la Nation'' kiraverishida Zair bayrogʻini tutib olgan, kamuflyaj kiygan erkaklar tasvirlangan videoni joylagan<ref name="FTMay24" />.


Keyinchalik Kongo armiyasi zirhli mashinalar bilan birga [[Kinshasa]]ga kirib bordi<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" />. ''Palais du Peuple'' va poytaxtning boshqa qismlarida yoʻl toʻsiqlari oʻrnatildi<ref name=":5" />.
Keyinchalik Kongo armiyasi zirhli mashinalar bilan [[Kinshasa]]ga kirib borgan<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" />. ''Palais du Peuple'' va poytaxtning boshqa qismlarida yoʻl toʻsiqlari oʻrnatilgan<ref name=":5" />.


== Qurbonlar ==
== Qurbonlar ==
Kamerhe qarorgohini qoʻriqlayotgan ikki politsiyachi<ref name=":1" /> va toʻrt nafar jangchi, jumladan, ularning rahbari Christian Malanga toʻntarishga urinish vaqtida oʻldirilgan<ref name="apdead">{{Cite web |date=2024-05-20 |title=Six killed in a 'foiled coup' in Congo, the army says |url=https://apnews.com/article/congo-coup-attempt-death-toll-malanga-tshisekedi-968b2726546f90a8bfbd5d222d513708 |access-date=2024-05-20 |website=Associated Press |language=en |archive-date=20 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240520151730/https://apnews.com/article/congo-coup-attempt-death-toll-malanga-tshisekedi-968b2726546f90a8bfbd5d222d513708 |url-status=live }}</ref>. [[Kongo Demokratik Respublikasi]] poytaxti [[Kinshasa]]dan otilgan snaryad [[Kongo daryosi]] boʻylab uchib oʻtib, [[Kongo Respublikasi]]ning poytaxti [[Brazzavil]]ga tushishi natijasida bir necha kishi jarohatlangan<ref name="f24coup"/>.
Kamerhe qarorgohini qoʻriqlayotgan ikki politsiyachi<ref name=":1" /> va toʻrt nafar jangchi, jumladan, ularning rahbari Christian Malanga toʻntarishga urinish vaqtida oʻldirilgan<ref name="apdead">{{Cite web |date=2024-05-20 |title=Six killed in a 'foiled coup' in Congo, the army says |url=https://apnews.com/article/congo-coup-attempt-death-toll-malanga-tshisekedi-968b2726546f90a8bfbd5d222d513708 |access-date=2024-05-20 |website=Associated Press |language=en |archive-date=20 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240520151730/https://apnews.com/article/congo-coup-attempt-death-toll-malanga-tshisekedi-968b2726546f90a8bfbd5d222d513708 |url-status=live }}</ref>. [[Kongo Demokratik Respublikasi]] poytaxti [[Kinshasa]]dan otilgan snaryad [[Kongo daryosi]] boʻylab uchib oʻtib, [[Kongo Respublikasi]]ning poytaxti [[Brazzavil]]ga tushishi natijasida bir necha kishi jarohatlangan<ref name="f24coup"/>.


== Tekshiruv ==
== Tekshiruvlar ==
Dastlabki maʼlumotlarga koʻra, bosqinchilarning Christian Malanga bilan bogʻliqligi aniqlanmaguncha Kongo harbiylari aʼzolari boʻlgan<ref name="Zeit20May24">[https://www.zeit.de/politik/ausland/2024-05/demokratische-republik-kongo-putschversuch-beteiligung-amerikaner-briten US-Amerikaner und Briten laut Armee an Putschversuch beteiligt] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521093202/https://www.zeit.de/politik/ausland/2024-05/demokratische-republik-kongo-putschversuch-beteiligung-amerikaner-briten |date=21 May 2024 }}, ''[[Die Zeit]]'', 20 May 2024</ref>. Malanga 1990-yillarning oxirida [[Kongo Demokratik Respublikasi]]dan [[Qoʻshma Shtatlar]]ga koʻchib oʻtgan va armiya ofitseri sifatida xizmat qilish uchun Kongo Demokratik Respublikasiga qaytishdan oldin [[Yuta]] shtatida avtomobil sotuvchisi boʻlib ishlagan<ref name=Walch>Tad Walch, [https://www.deseret.com/utah/2024/05/23/former-utah-car-salesman-killed-son-arrested-after-failed-congo-coup/ Former Utah car salesman killed, son arrested after failed Congo coup], ''Desert News'' (May 23, 2024).</ref>. Malanga 2012-yilda oʻtgan yili KDRdagi davlat toʻntarishiga urinishdan keyin surgun qilingan edi<ref name=Walch/>. Surgunda u oʻzini „Yangi Zair“ prezidenti deb eʼlon qildi va oʻzining [[Kongo Birlashgan partiyasi]]ga asos solib, uni „surgundagi muxolifat siyosiy partiyasi“ deb atadi<ref name=Walch/>. Kongo armiyasi vakili dastlab Malanga fuqarolikka qabul qilingan AQSh fuqarosi ekanligini taʼrifladi<ref name=Walch/>. Ammo AQSh Davlat departamenti Malanga AQSh fuqaroligini olganiga hech qanday dalil yoʻqligini taʼkidladi<ref>[https://www.state.gov/briefings/department-press-briefing-may-28-2024/ Department Press Briefing — May 28, 2024], U. S. Department of State.</ref>.
Dastlabki maʼlumotlarga koʻra, bosqinchilarning Christian Malanga bilan bogʻliqligi aniqlanmaguncha Kongo harbiylari aʼzolari boʻlgan degan taxminda bo'lishgan<ref name="Zeit20May24">[https://www.zeit.de/politik/ausland/2024-05/demokratische-republik-kongo-putschversuch-beteiligung-amerikaner-briten US-Amerikaner und Briten laut Armee an Putschversuch beteiligt] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521093202/https://www.zeit.de/politik/ausland/2024-05/demokratische-republik-kongo-putschversuch-beteiligung-amerikaner-briten|date=21 May 2024}}, ''[[Die Zeit]]'', 20 May 2024</ref>. Malanga 1990-yillarning oxirida [[Kongo Demokratik Respublikasi]]dan [[Qoʻshma Shtatlar]]ga koʻchib oʻtgan va armiya ofitseri sifatida xizmat qilish uchun Kongo Demokratik Respublikasiga qaytishdan oldin [[Yuta]] shtatida avtomobil sotuvchisi boʻlib ishlagan<ref name=Walch>Tad Walch, [https://www.deseret.com/utah/2024/05/23/former-utah-car-salesman-killed-son-arrested-after-failed-congo-coup/ Former Utah car salesman killed, son arrested after failed Congo coup], ''Desert News'' (May 23, 2024).</ref>. Malanga 2012-yilda oʻtgan yili KDRdagi davlat toʻntarishiga urinishdan keyin surgun qilingan edi<ref name=Walch/>. Surgunda u oʻzini „Yangi Zair“ prezidenti deb eʼlon qiladi va [[Kongo Birlashgan partiyasi]]ga asos solib, uni „surgundagi muxolifat siyosiy partiyasi“ deb ataydi<ref name=Walch/>. Kongo armiyasi vakili dastlab Malanga fuqarolikka qabul qilingan AQSh fuqarosi ekanligini aytib o'tgan<ref name=Walch/>. Ammo AQSh Davlat departamenti Malanga AQSh fuqaroligini olganiga hech qanday dalil yoʻqligini taʼkidlagan<ref>[https://www.state.gov/briefings/department-press-briefing-may-28-2024/ Department Press Briefing — May 28, 2024], U. S. Department of State.</ref>.


== Munosabatlar ==
== Munosabatlar ==
[[Afrika Ittifoqi]] komissiyasi rahbari [[Moussa Faki]] davlat toʻntarishiga urinishni keskin qoralab, Kongo xavfsizlik kuchlari tomonidan bostirilganligini olqishladi<ref>{{Cite web |title=African Union 'Strongly Condemns' DRCongo Coup Bid |url=https://www.barrons.com/news/african-union-strongly-condemns-drcongo-coup-bid-fe294d71 |access-date=2024-05-20 |website=Barron's |language=en-US |archive-date=20 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240520050406/https://www.barrons.com/news/african-union-strongly-condemns-drcongo-coup-bid-fe294d71 |url-status=live }}</ref>.
[[Afrika Ittifoqi]] komissiyasi rahbari [[Moussa Faki]] davlat toʻntarishiga urinishni keskin qoralab, Kongo xavfsizlik kuchlari tomonidan bostirilganligini ajoyib ish sifatida e'tirof etishgan<ref>{{Cite web |title=African Union 'Strongly Condemns' DRCongo Coup Bid |url=https://www.barrons.com/news/african-union-strongly-condemns-drcongo-coup-bid-fe294d71 |access-date=2024-05-20 |website=Barron's |language=en-US |archive-date=20 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240520050406/https://www.barrons.com/news/african-union-strongly-condemns-drcongo-coup-bid-fe294d71 |url-status=live }}</ref>.


== Manbalar ==
== Manbalar ==

2024-yil 12-noyabr, 10:15 dagi koʻrinishi

2024-yilgi Kongo Demokratik Respublikasi davlat toʻntarishiga urinish
Sanalar 2024-yil 19-may
Urush yeri Kinshasa, Kongo Demokratik Respublikasi
Natija Davlat to‘ntarishi muvaffaqiyatsiz yakunlandi.
Qoʻmondonlar
Félix Tshisekedi
Vital Kamerhe
Christian Malanga [1]
Harbiy birliklar
 Kongo Demokratik Respublikasi
  • Kongo Demokratik Respublikasi Qurolli Kuchlari
  • Kongo Demokratik Respublikasi gvardiyasi
  • Kongo milliy politsiyasi
  • Kongo Demokratik Respublikasi Milliy razvedka agentligi
Zaire Yangi Zair (surgundagi hukumat)
  • Birlashgan Kongo partiyasi
Kuchlar
Nomaʼlum 50+
Yoʻqotishlar
2 ta politsiya hodimlari oʻldirildi 4 ta oʻlim
50 ta asir[2]
bir qancha aholi jarohatlandi


2024-yil 19-mayda Kongo Demokratik Respublikasida (KDR) davlat toʻntarishiga urinish boʻlib oʻtgan[3]. Prezident Félix Tshisekedi va uning Iqtisodiyot vaziri Vital Kamerheni nishonga olgan kuchli qurollangan bosqinchilar Palais de la Nation va Kamerhe qarorgohiga hujum qilishgan. Bu bilan bir vaqtda Kongo Respublikasi (RCh) poytaxti Brazzavilda portlagan jangovar snaryadlar ham bir nechta halokatlarga sabab boʻlgan.

Toʻntarishga harakatlar xavfsizlik kuchlari tomonidan tezda toʻxtatilgan. Toʻntarishning asosiy boshqaruvchisi, asli kongolik Amerika fuqorosi Christian Malanga 2010-yilda AQShda roʻyxatdan oʻtgan Birlashgan Kongo partiyasiga asos solgan va 2017-yilda Belgiyada oʻzini Yangi Zair hukumatining prezidenti deb eʼlon qilgan. U urunishlar paytida oʻldirilgan.

Kelib chiqishi

Davlat toʻntarishiga urinish prezident Félix Tshisekedining hukmron partiyasini qamrab olgan siyosiy inqiroz davrida yuz beradi. Inqiroz avvaliga 2024-yil 18-mayga belgilangan, ammo keyinroq kechiktirilgan. Bunga parlament rahbariyati uchun o'tkazilgan saylovlar sabab boʻlgan[3]. Nishonga olingan siyosatchilardan biri Tshisekedining ittifoqchisi, Milliy Assambleya prezidentligi uchun daʼvogarlik qilayotgan[1] iqtisodiyot vaziri Vital Kamerhe edi[4].

Voqealar

Poytaxt Kinshasada 19-may taxminan soat 04:30 da[5][6] hujumchilar kirishga muvaffaq boʻlgan Palais du Peuple yaqinida[7][8] avtomatlar tutgan, kamuflyaj kiygan erkaklar va xavfsizlik kuchlari[1] oʻrtasidagi toʻqnashuvlar boʻlayotganligi haqida xabar berilgan[9]. Boshqa tarafdan yigirma kishi[10] Vital Kamerxening Gombe kommunasida joylashgan[11] Tshatshi Boulevard[5] qarorgohiga hujum qiladi va qoʻriqchilarning qarshiligiga duch kelishadi[3][5][12]. Shuningdek, prezident qarorgohi kirish qismi boʻlmish Palais de la Nation yaqinida ham[11] otishma ovozlari eshitiladi[13].

Kamida 50 kishi, jumladan 3 nafar AQSh fuqarosi davlat toʻntarishiga urinishda ayblanib hibsga olingan[14]. Ulardan baʼzilari o'zi bilan Kanada pasportini ham olib yurgani xabar qilingan[15].

Hujumchilar Mobutu diktaturasi davrida maʼlum boʻlgan Zaire bayroqlarini koʻrsatishgan. Hujumchilarning baʼzilari kiyimida AQSh bayrogʻi tushirilgan yamoqlar borligi aytilmoqda[16]. Ular rejim oʻzgarishini koʻrishni istashlarini maʼlum qilishgan[15]. Ijtimoiy tarmoqlarda tarqalayotgan suratlarda, AK47 bilan qurollangan harbiy uchoqdagi, ingliz tilida „yoʻqolsin Tshisekedi“ (inglizcha: Tshisekedi out) deb hayqiyotgan erkaklar aks etgan[9]. Christian Malanga oʻzining Facebook sahifasida Palais de la Nation kiraverishida Zair bayrogʻini tutib olgan, kamuflyaj kiygan erkaklar tasvirlangan videoni joylagan[16].

Keyinchalik Kongo armiyasi zirhli mashinalar bilan Kinshasaga kirib borgan[4][15]. Palais du Peuple va poytaxtning boshqa qismlarida yoʻl toʻsiqlari oʻrnatilgan[9].

Qurbonlar

Kamerhe qarorgohini qoʻriqlayotgan ikki politsiyachi[5] va toʻrt nafar jangchi, jumladan, ularning rahbari Christian Malanga toʻntarishga urinish vaqtida oʻldirilgan[17]. Kongo Demokratik Respublikasi poytaxti Kinshasadan otilgan snaryad Kongo daryosi boʻylab uchib oʻtib, Kongo Respublikasining poytaxti Brazzavilga tushishi natijasida bir necha kishi jarohatlangan[11].

Tekshiruvlar

Dastlabki maʼlumotlarga koʻra, bosqinchilarning Christian Malanga bilan bogʻliqligi aniqlanmaguncha Kongo harbiylari aʼzolari boʻlgan degan taxminda bo'lishgan[18]. Malanga 1990-yillarning oxirida Kongo Demokratik Respublikasidan Qoʻshma Shtatlarga koʻchib oʻtgan va armiya ofitseri sifatida xizmat qilish uchun Kongo Demokratik Respublikasiga qaytishdan oldin Yuta shtatida avtomobil sotuvchisi boʻlib ishlagan[19]. Malanga 2012-yilda oʻtgan yili KDRdagi davlat toʻntarishiga urinishdan keyin surgun qilingan edi[19]. Surgunda u oʻzini „Yangi Zair“ prezidenti deb eʼlon qiladi va Kongo Birlashgan partiyasiga asos solib, uni „surgundagi muxolifat siyosiy partiyasi“ deb ataydi[19]. Kongo armiyasi vakili dastlab Malanga fuqarolikka qabul qilingan AQSh fuqarosi ekanligini aytib o'tgan[19]. Ammo AQSh Davlat departamenti Malanga AQSh fuqaroligini olganiga hech qanday dalil yoʻqligini taʼkidlagan[20].

Munosabatlar

Afrika Ittifoqi komissiyasi rahbari Moussa Faki davlat toʻntarishiga urinishni keskin qoralab, Kongo xavfsizlik kuchlari tomonidan bostirilganligini ajoyib ish sifatida e'tirof etishgan[21].

Manbalar

  1. 1,0 1,1 1,2 „Congolese army says it has foiled a coup. Self-exiled opposition leader threatens president“ (en). Associated Press (2024-yil 19-may). 2024-yil 19-mayda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2024-yil 19-may.
  2. „3 Americans among 50 detained after failed coup in DR Congo“. New York Post (2024-yil 19-may). 2024-yil 20-mayda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2024-yil 20-may.
  3. 3,0 3,1 3,2 Malkia, Christina; Asadu, Chinedu „Congolese army says shootout in the capital is failed coup, perpetrators arrested“ (en). AP News (2024-yil 19-may). 2024-yil 19-mayda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2024-yil 19-may.
  4. 4,0 4,1 „RDC: situation confuse à Kinshasa autour de la résidence de Vital Kamerhe“ (fr). RFI (2024-yil 19-may). Qaraldi: 2024-yil 19-may.
  5. 5,0 5,1 5,2 5,3 „Gunfire rings out in Congo's capital as men in military uniform clash with politician's guards“ (en). The Indian Express (2024-yil 19-may). 2024-yil 19-mayda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2024-yil 19-may.
  6. Schlindwein, Simone. „Kalaschnikow im Livestream“. Die Tageszeitung (2024-yil 20-may). Qaraldi: 2024-yil 20-may.
  7. Kappès-Grangé, Anne. „En RDC, une tentative de coup d'État « étouffée dans l'œuf »“. Jeune Afrique (2024-yil 19-may). 2024-yil 19-mayda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2024-yil 19-may.
  8. „Coup in DR Congo: Congolese army confirm shootout in di capital na failed coup“. BBC News Pidgin (2024-yil 19-may). 2024-yil 19-mayda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2024-yil 19-may.
  9. 9,0 9,1 9,2 Makumeno, Emery; Msochi, Mbelechi „Attaque à Kinshasa : ce que l'armée congolaise a dit sur "une tentative de coup d'Etat"“ (fr). BBC News Afrique (2024-yil 19-may). 2024-yil 19-mayda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2024-yil 19-may.
  10. „DR Congo army says it has thwarted attempted coup“ (en). France 24 (2024-yil 19-may). 2024-yil 19-mayda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2024-yil 19-may.
  11. 11,0 11,1 11,2 „DR Congo army says it has thwarted attempted coup in Kinshasa“ (en). France 24 (2024-yil 19-may). 2024-yil 19-mayda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2024-yil 19-may.
  12. „RDC : l'armée affirme avoir déjoué un coup d'État“ (fr). Actualite.cd (2024-yil 19-may). 2024-yil 19-mayda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2024-yil 19-may.
  13. „Kinshasa resumes normalcy following presidential palace attack“ (en). Africanews (2024-yil 21-may). 2024-yil 21-mayda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2024-yil 21-may.
  14. „DRC: Coup attempt leader killed by Congolese army“ (en). Africanews (2024-yil 20-may). 2024-yil 20-mayda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2024-yil 20-may.
  15. 15,0 15,1 15,2 Jacques, SIKA Jean „RDC : la Garde républicaine a interpellé un groupe d'assaillants qui ont attaqué la résidence de Vital Kamerhe et ont fait une incursion au Palais de la nation“ (fr-fr). Les Echos du Congo Brazzaville (2024-yil 19-may). 2024-yil 19-mayda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2024-yil 19-may.
  16. 16,0 16,1 Schipani, Andres „Congolese forces claim to have thwarted coup 'involving foreign nationals'“. Financial Times (2024-yil 19-may). 2024-yil 20-mayda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2024-yil 20-may.
  17. „Six killed in a 'foiled coup' in Congo, the army says“ (en). Associated Press (2024-yil 20-may). 2024-yil 20-mayda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2024-yil 20-may.
  18. US-Amerikaner und Briten laut Armee an Putschversuch beteiligt (Wayback Machine saytida 21 May 2024 sanasida arxivlangan), Die Zeit, 20 May 2024
  19. 19,0 19,1 19,2 19,3 Tad Walch, Former Utah car salesman killed, son arrested after failed Congo coup, Desert News (May 23, 2024).
  20. Department Press Briefing — May 28, 2024, U. S. Department of State.
  21. „African Union 'Strongly Condemns' DRCongo Coup Bid“ (en-US). Barron's. 2024-yil 20-mayda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2024-yil 20-may.