Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, Sep 1, 1993
Abstract Data on reproductive success of Forster's tern (Sterna forsteri) from Green Bay, La... more Abstract Data on reproductive success of Forster's tern (Sterna forsteri) from Green Bay, Lake Michigan in 1983 are compared with data collected in 1988. In 1988 measures of reproductive performance (hatching success, number of young fledged, and length of ...
International Journal of Environmental Studies, Feb 1, 1987
... effluent standards is to identify what technologies any discharger must use to control its ef... more ... effluent standards is to identify what technologies any discharger must use to control its effluents. ... of best practical treatment (BPT), were intended to assure that all industrial and municipal ... pollution over the past decade (as described earlier) may exacerbate the impact of toxic ...
... However, investigators using nasal sad-dles should be aware of possible, albeit subtle, initi... more ... However, investigators using nasal sad-dles should be aware of possible, albeit subtle, initial effects on the behavior of waterfowl so ... waterfowl using the sanc-tuary varied seasonally; the predominant species were mallard (Anas platyrhyn-chos) and black duck (Anas rubripes ...
This study determined total number, biomass, taxa, and seasonal occurrence of adult aquatic insec... more This study determined total number, biomass, taxa, and seasonal occurrence of adult aquatic insects emerging from four vegetation zones in one diked and one undiked freshwater coastal marsh on hypereutrophic lower Green Bay, Lake Michigan, USA during the summer of 1984. Floating box traps were placed in open water, sparse emergent, dense emergent, and wet meadow vegetation zones in each marsh. Insects were collected during 20 24-hour periods, each four days apart, from June 11 to August 26. Two-way ANOVA was used to test differences in number and biomass of insects between marshes and among vegetation zones. Polynomial regression was used to evaluate seasonal emergence patterns. More insects, insect biomass, and insect taxa were found in the diked marsh, especially during the first half of the sampling period. Damselflies were much more abundant in the diked marsh. Most insects and insect biomass were found in the sparse emergent vegetation zone of both marshes. The emerging insect community in the diked marsh appears enhanced by its separation from the hypereutrophic and turbid waters of lower Green Bay.
The identification of priority watersheds is an important component in planning activities associ... more The identification of priority watersheds is an important component in planning activities associated with non-point source pollution abatement. The identification of priority watersheds is a complex issue at best, but it is made even more so in certain cases by the desire of water quality planners to take stream use into account when making decisions. Thus, for example, certain streams may be classified as potential sport fisheries, while others may be designated as suitable for tolerant forage fish. It may be the case that the impact of non-point source pollution upon one stream is less than that upon a second stream when viewed strictly in terms of the physical condition of the streams. Yet, when viewed from the standpoint of habitat suitability for different fish species, the priority judgement could be reversed. A methodological framework is presented which allows planners to take stream use into account in the determination of priority watersheds. The framework provides a formal structure for organizing non-point source data associated with specific watersheds and stream habitat data for various fish species in a manner suitable as inputs to two fuzzy set models. The fuzzy set models incorporate the imprecision and fuzziness characteristic of non-point source water pollution problems. In an illustrative application to the Kewaunee River Basin in Wisconsin, U.S.A., the methodology is used to identify priority watersheds when streams are categorized on the basis of potential fisheries.
/ Ecological risk assessment is recognized by many as an important conceptual tool in ecosystem m... more / Ecological risk assessment is recognized by many as an important conceptual tool in ecosystem management. The purpose of such a risk assessment is to identify those factors (stressors) that pose the greatest risk to ecosystem integrity so that environmental protection efforts can be focused on those strategies likely to yield the greatest reduction in ecosystem risk. If ecological risk assessment is to move from the conceptual stage to the implementation stage, new methodological tools must be developed and successfully applied. The purpose of this paper is to describe the application of a basic methodological risk assessment tool, first developed by the authors as part of a case study involving Green Bay of Lake Michigan to the St. Croix National Scenic Riverway located in northwestern Wisconsin and east-central Minnesota. The information needed for conducting the risk assessment was provided by the participants in a 2-day workshop. The invited participants, who possessed knowledge of the St. Croix ecosystem, identified through a group-consensus process a list of stressors and a list of ecosystem values. They then assigned numerical values to each stressor-ecosystem value pair that reflected the degree to which the given stressor contributes to ecosystem risk as measured by the given ecosystem value. Based on this information, the analytical portion of the methodology was then used to rank the ecosystem risks (stressors) when examined from several different perspectives: immediate impact, time-duration, and management activities. Regardless of the perspective taken, riverway development emerged as the most significant stressor.
Climate change will have major impacts in the Great Lakes region of North America. Particularly v... more Climate change will have major impacts in the Great Lakes region of North America. Particularly vulnerable are shallow freshwater estuaries, such as Lake Michigan’s Green Bay, located in the north-eastern part of the State of Wisconsin. Green Bay and the Lower Fox River, its major tributary, were considered to be severely polluted as early as 1925. As a result of
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Persons participating in the Green Bay Workshop are listed below. Many contribute... more ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Persons participating in the Green Bay Workshop are listed below. Many contributed text to the report and are indicated by an asterisk. to obtain background information on the stresses. Finally, we wish to thank Clifford Mortimer and the Board of Technical Experts of the Great Lakes Fishery Commission for helpful review and advice on the final manuscript. Support of the Great Lakes Fishery Commission is gratefully acknowledged. The University of Wisconsin Sea Grant Institute contributed materially to the organization of the workshop.
Climate change will have major impacts in the Great Lakes region of North America. Particularly v... more Climate change will have major impacts in the Great Lakes region of North America. Particularly vulnerable are shallow freshwater estuaries, such as Lake Michigan’s Green Bay, located in the north-eastern part of the State of Wisconsin. Green Bay and the Lower Fox River, its major tributary, were considered to be severely polluted as early as 1925. As a result of
problems of today. Part B gives a synthesis of environmental technology relevant to each problem ... more problems of today. Part B gives a synthesis of environmental technology relevant to each problem and a synopsis of the examination methods. However, most of the environmental problems presented and discussed have already received considerable attention. Sewage systems, noise and solid waste disposal have long been of major concern to urban planners and technicians. Air pollution, pesticides, heavy metals and food additives are of major concern to environmental protection boards. A major fault is that still these problems tend to be treated independently, which is also the case in this book, with little attempt to bring them into a single framework. The underlying principle here, however, is that ecological modelling offers a unique opportunity to screen and select methods for environmental control. What is not treated or discussed, to any great extent, is that underlying institutional problems are interrelated. Furthermore, difficulties in evaluating the benefits alleviating the environmental problems are compounded by the segmented approach. Designed primarily to serve as a text and reference book for students of environmental science, the book will, despite its deficiencies, also be of value to professionals in their efforts to improve our environment.
Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, Sep 1, 1993
Abstract Data on reproductive success of Forster's tern (Sterna forsteri) from Green Bay, La... more Abstract Data on reproductive success of Forster's tern (Sterna forsteri) from Green Bay, Lake Michigan in 1983 are compared with data collected in 1988. In 1988 measures of reproductive performance (hatching success, number of young fledged, and length of ...
International Journal of Environmental Studies, Feb 1, 1987
... effluent standards is to identify what technologies any discharger must use to control its ef... more ... effluent standards is to identify what technologies any discharger must use to control its effluents. ... of best practical treatment (BPT), were intended to assure that all industrial and municipal ... pollution over the past decade (as described earlier) may exacerbate the impact of toxic ...
... However, investigators using nasal sad-dles should be aware of possible, albeit subtle, initi... more ... However, investigators using nasal sad-dles should be aware of possible, albeit subtle, initial effects on the behavior of waterfowl so ... waterfowl using the sanc-tuary varied seasonally; the predominant species were mallard (Anas platyrhyn-chos) and black duck (Anas rubripes ...
This study determined total number, biomass, taxa, and seasonal occurrence of adult aquatic insec... more This study determined total number, biomass, taxa, and seasonal occurrence of adult aquatic insects emerging from four vegetation zones in one diked and one undiked freshwater coastal marsh on hypereutrophic lower Green Bay, Lake Michigan, USA during the summer of 1984. Floating box traps were placed in open water, sparse emergent, dense emergent, and wet meadow vegetation zones in each marsh. Insects were collected during 20 24-hour periods, each four days apart, from June 11 to August 26. Two-way ANOVA was used to test differences in number and biomass of insects between marshes and among vegetation zones. Polynomial regression was used to evaluate seasonal emergence patterns. More insects, insect biomass, and insect taxa were found in the diked marsh, especially during the first half of the sampling period. Damselflies were much more abundant in the diked marsh. Most insects and insect biomass were found in the sparse emergent vegetation zone of both marshes. The emerging insect community in the diked marsh appears enhanced by its separation from the hypereutrophic and turbid waters of lower Green Bay.
The identification of priority watersheds is an important component in planning activities associ... more The identification of priority watersheds is an important component in planning activities associated with non-point source pollution abatement. The identification of priority watersheds is a complex issue at best, but it is made even more so in certain cases by the desire of water quality planners to take stream use into account when making decisions. Thus, for example, certain streams may be classified as potential sport fisheries, while others may be designated as suitable for tolerant forage fish. It may be the case that the impact of non-point source pollution upon one stream is less than that upon a second stream when viewed strictly in terms of the physical condition of the streams. Yet, when viewed from the standpoint of habitat suitability for different fish species, the priority judgement could be reversed. A methodological framework is presented which allows planners to take stream use into account in the determination of priority watersheds. The framework provides a formal structure for organizing non-point source data associated with specific watersheds and stream habitat data for various fish species in a manner suitable as inputs to two fuzzy set models. The fuzzy set models incorporate the imprecision and fuzziness characteristic of non-point source water pollution problems. In an illustrative application to the Kewaunee River Basin in Wisconsin, U.S.A., the methodology is used to identify priority watersheds when streams are categorized on the basis of potential fisheries.
/ Ecological risk assessment is recognized by many as an important conceptual tool in ecosystem m... more / Ecological risk assessment is recognized by many as an important conceptual tool in ecosystem management. The purpose of such a risk assessment is to identify those factors (stressors) that pose the greatest risk to ecosystem integrity so that environmental protection efforts can be focused on those strategies likely to yield the greatest reduction in ecosystem risk. If ecological risk assessment is to move from the conceptual stage to the implementation stage, new methodological tools must be developed and successfully applied. The purpose of this paper is to describe the application of a basic methodological risk assessment tool, first developed by the authors as part of a case study involving Green Bay of Lake Michigan to the St. Croix National Scenic Riverway located in northwestern Wisconsin and east-central Minnesota. The information needed for conducting the risk assessment was provided by the participants in a 2-day workshop. The invited participants, who possessed knowledge of the St. Croix ecosystem, identified through a group-consensus process a list of stressors and a list of ecosystem values. They then assigned numerical values to each stressor-ecosystem value pair that reflected the degree to which the given stressor contributes to ecosystem risk as measured by the given ecosystem value. Based on this information, the analytical portion of the methodology was then used to rank the ecosystem risks (stressors) when examined from several different perspectives: immediate impact, time-duration, and management activities. Regardless of the perspective taken, riverway development emerged as the most significant stressor.
Climate change will have major impacts in the Great Lakes region of North America. Particularly v... more Climate change will have major impacts in the Great Lakes region of North America. Particularly vulnerable are shallow freshwater estuaries, such as Lake Michigan’s Green Bay, located in the north-eastern part of the State of Wisconsin. Green Bay and the Lower Fox River, its major tributary, were considered to be severely polluted as early as 1925. As a result of
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Persons participating in the Green Bay Workshop are listed below. Many contribute... more ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Persons participating in the Green Bay Workshop are listed below. Many contributed text to the report and are indicated by an asterisk. to obtain background information on the stresses. Finally, we wish to thank Clifford Mortimer and the Board of Technical Experts of the Great Lakes Fishery Commission for helpful review and advice on the final manuscript. Support of the Great Lakes Fishery Commission is gratefully acknowledged. The University of Wisconsin Sea Grant Institute contributed materially to the organization of the workshop.
Climate change will have major impacts in the Great Lakes region of North America. Particularly v... more Climate change will have major impacts in the Great Lakes region of North America. Particularly vulnerable are shallow freshwater estuaries, such as Lake Michigan’s Green Bay, located in the north-eastern part of the State of Wisconsin. Green Bay and the Lower Fox River, its major tributary, were considered to be severely polluted as early as 1925. As a result of
problems of today. Part B gives a synthesis of environmental technology relevant to each problem ... more problems of today. Part B gives a synthesis of environmental technology relevant to each problem and a synopsis of the examination methods. However, most of the environmental problems presented and discussed have already received considerable attention. Sewage systems, noise and solid waste disposal have long been of major concern to urban planners and technicians. Air pollution, pesticides, heavy metals and food additives are of major concern to environmental protection boards. A major fault is that still these problems tend to be treated independently, which is also the case in this book, with little attempt to bring them into a single framework. The underlying principle here, however, is that ecological modelling offers a unique opportunity to screen and select methods for environmental control. What is not treated or discussed, to any great extent, is that underlying institutional problems are interrelated. Furthermore, difficulties in evaluating the benefits alleviating the environmental problems are compounded by the segmented approach. Designed primarily to serve as a text and reference book for students of environmental science, the book will, despite its deficiencies, also be of value to professionals in their efforts to improve our environment.
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