This research aims to study the potential of shredded PET bottles waste as a fine aggregate repla... more This research aims to study the potential of shredded PET bottles waste as a fine aggregate replacement in concrete. PET bottles waste was preferred because it is readily available, and it causes an environmental problem. The PET bottles waste was shredded into a fine particle. The size of fine particle is of similar size of the sand particle. It is partially replaced by sand with 0.5%, 1% and 1.5% in the concrete mix. This mix design method is referred from the Department of Environment (DOE), and the test is carried out for M30 grade concrete for 7-days,28-days, and 90-days. The performance of recycled PET bottles concrete was investigated based on experimental tests such as slump test, flexural strength test, and compressive strength test. The slump value of PET bottle concrete is similar to conventional concrete. Flexural strength and compressive strength increased for 90 days of curing for 0.5%,1%, and 1.5% substitution of shredded PET bottles aggregates by sand. For 7 days and...
IIUM Press, International Islamic University Malaysia eBooks, 2017
Additional of fibre in concrete creates fibre reinforced concrete (FRC) with an improvement of th... more Additional of fibre in concrete creates fibre reinforced concrete (FRC) with an improvement of the mechanical properties of the concrete. However, additional of fibres in FRC has limited to 2% to allow normal mixing procedure. To address this issue, high performance fibre reinforced concrete (HPFRC) which is relatively new in construction industry is studied. Since very limited information on its capacity in tropical climate condition exposure, this project focuses on investigation of HPFRC compressive strength and microstructure properties in tropical climate condition. Grade 80 cement slurry is used with 3%, 4% and 5% hooked-end steel fibre to produce HPFRC. Total numbers of 56 samples which are divided into 4 sets and exposed to two different curing methods namely water curing method and steam curing method at 80oC. Out of the 4 sets, 2 sets are exposed to tropical climate condition using climatic chamber at 80% relative humidity (RH) and constant temperature of 35oC for 30 days. Compression and ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) tests are carried out at 28 days to identify the strength of HPFRC. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis is done to ascertain the microstructure properties of HPFRC. The highest compressive strength of 152.2 MPa was recorded for steam curing samples after exposed to tropical climate condition for 30 days with 5% steel fibre volume. The regression analysis developed exponential and polynomial expressions to correlate the pulse velocity values with the compressive strength. The best fit correlation value (R2) showing the significant relation of the two tests is recorded as 0.7976
Owing to the inability of waste concrete to be recycled, unlike aluminium or glass, it is one of ... more Owing to the inability of waste concrete to be recycled, unlike aluminium or glass, it is one of the most harmful substances to the environment. Thus, most of the waste concrete was poured in every available space, resulting in environmental contamination due to the chemical content of the waste concrete. This involves the fabrication and characterization of cement bricks’ compressive strength made from concrete sludge waste in order to investigate the feasibility of re using waste concrete. The concrete waste was to substitute the cement composition within the bricks. The composition of cement and waste concrete is varied to investigate effect of its compressive strength and its microstructure. In general, the optimal formulation is 100 wt % cement and 0 wt % waste, with a compressive strength of up to 12 MPa on average. Increasing the waste composition by 50% reduces the compressive strength of the concrete bricks to 2MPa which limiting the range of application suitable with its p...
The sustainability of renewable resources is affected by the rapid booming of the construction se... more The sustainability of renewable resources is affected by the rapid booming of the construction sector. The massive production of construction and demolition waste by this sector has given drawbacks to the environment as well. An environmentally friendly approach to overcome the disposal of waste materials is via the recycling process. The main objective of this study is to investigate the properties of concrete made by Coarse Aggregate Associated with Concrete Production (CAACP) and Fine Aggregate Associated with Concrete Production (FAACP). Both CAACP and FAACP were obtained from concrete debris from crushed concrete. Some percentage of the concrete debris will be used as an aggregate replacement for concrete production. Six different concrete mixes containing 10, 20 and 30% of coarse and fine aggregate replacement were prepared accordingly. The concrete samples were tested for its strength at 3,7 and 28 days of curing age. The physical properties of the recycle aggregate were also carried out in order to investigate the possible factor that may affect the fresh and hardened concrete. It can finally be concluded that green concrete can be produced by FAACP or CAACP and possibly to produce higher strength compared to the conventional concrete strength. Keywords Concrete debris Á Aggregate replacement Á Strength 1 Introduction The growth of the concrete construction industry in this country has given an adverse effect to the environment as well as to human health. McNeil and Kang [5], claimed that the construction industry uses at least 50% of raw materials from
Indeed, it is proven that rice husk ash (RHA) contains high amount of amorphous silica that is es... more Indeed, it is proven that rice husk ash (RHA) contains high amount of amorphous silica that is essential in concrete strength development. Despite of many research of regarding conventional RHA since 1970’s, usage of conventional RHA is still unfavourable in current concrete industry. The principal aim of this research was to improve the RHA properties by introducing thermochemical pretreatment process prior to burning procedure of raw rice husk (RH) at a relatively low acid concentration
The superior performance of asphaltic concrete exhibited the good adhesion bonding between binder... more The superior performance of asphaltic concrete exhibited the good adhesion bonding between binder-aggregates interaction in bituminous mixture. However, the issue of compatibility properties in modification of binder with waste cooking oil (WCO) arises since the poor mechanical performance of asphalt mixture is globally recorded thus reflected the weakness of adhesion bonding inside the pavement material. In fact, the potential of high adhesiveness binding properties is affected by the chemical theory which is chemical composition thereby effecting to the surface microstructure arrangement in bituminous mixture. Therefore, it is vital to conduct the morphology and microstructure observation in order to obtain a comprehensive understanding on the behaviour of the internal structure in pavement material that influencing the adhesion performance. The identification of chemical composition is determined by using Gas Chromatography-Mass Selective (GC-MS). Meanwhile, the surface microstru...
This research focuses on determination of cement-free geopolymer concrete capacity as an alternat... more This research focuses on determination of cement-free geopolymer concrete capacity as an alternative to Ordinary Portland Cement concrete (OPC) for in-situ casting and the effect of utilizing waste material in polymeric concrete. pulverized fuel ash (PFA) is used as the main constituent and MIRHA as replacement by 0%, 3%, 5% and 7%. Sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate solution are used as alkali activators of silica (Si) and aluminium (Al) in main binders while sugar is added to delay the setting time of the polymeric concrete. The polymeric concrete samples are exposed to three different curing regimes namely hot gunny sack curing, ambient temperature curing and external exposure curing. Compressive strength test is carried out in 3, 7, 28 and 56 days to identify the strength of the polymeric concrete. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis is done to ascertain the microstructure properties of the produced polymeric concrete.
Rice husk ash (RHA) possesses high content of amorphous silica that is essential in pozzolanic re... more Rice husk ash (RHA) possesses high content of amorphous silica that is essential in pozzolanic reaction of supplementary cementing material (SCM) in concrete strength enhancement. However, usage of conventional RHA is unfavourable in current concrete industry. One of the reason that hindered the utilization of conventional RHA nowadays is due to its properties inconsistency namely chemical and mineralogical properties. In this regard, improvement on the RHA properties by introduction of chemical pre-treatment prior to burning procedure is seen as an excellent way to reach the goal. In this research, raw rice husk was soaked in 0.1M hydrochloric acid (HCl) solution from one to three hours. After that, the pre-treated rice husk was ground using planetary ball mill for 15 minutes. The effect of pre-treatment soaking time to alkali metal removal and its chemical composition, mineralogical properties, particle size analysis as well as specific surface area of ultra fine treated rice husk...
Recently, the need towards production of environmental friendly and excellent performance cementi... more Recently, the need towards production of environmental friendly and excellent performance cementitious material has been outlined properly. Based on extensive researches done since 1970s, it is proven that rice husk ash (RHA) is silica-rich material and hence categorized as pozzolans in concrete. Nevertheless, the usage of this material in real construction industries is still under expectation. This is simply due to instability of the chemical components, especially amorphous silica content in the material after burning process. The aim of this paper is to present the characteristics and unwanted metal leaching evaluation of treated rice husk ash (TRHA) to be utilized as supplementary cementing material (SCM) in concrete. In this regard, raw rice husk was treated by adopting hydrochloric acid (HCl) pretreatment method prior to burning process. Several tests have been conducted to analyze the chemical compositions, specific surface are (SSA), microstructure properties and concentrat...
This paper evaluates the rainfall-induced debris flow in Peninsular Malaysia from the perspective... more This paper evaluates the rainfall-induced debris flow in Peninsular Malaysia from the perspective of rainfall threshold. Eight selected debris flow occurrences in Peninsular Malaysia have been used for this study. Rainfall records are obtained from the nearest meteorological station of Drainage and Irrigation Department and the Malaysia Meteorology Department. In order to determine the reasonable correlation of rainfall with the occurrence of debris flow, the relationship between rainfall intensity (I) and duration (D) has been analysed. Furthermore, to analyze the empirical rainfall threshold, the values of the maximum hourly rainfall intensity and durations that correlate with debris flow have been plotted along with the intensity against duration in log-log graph. Comparison made between the compiled Peninsular Malaysia data and the worldwide threshold value shows that the triggering threshold is mostly higher for the Peninsular Malaysia events. The presence of thicker soil layers are likely the reason of higher thresholds limit, as more rainfalls are required to cause extensive localized failures to occur.
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2021
Recently, many researches all over the world are focusing on ways of utilizing either industrial ... more Recently, many researches all over the world are focusing on ways of utilizing either industrial or agricultural wastes as a source of raw materials for the construction industry. The aim of this study is to determine the optimum proportion of durian saw dust as partial replacement for fine aggregate. These wastes utilization would not only be economical but may also help to create a sustainable and pollution free environment. Durian sawdust is one such fibrous waste-product from durian skin. In this paper, untreated durian sawdust has been partially replaced in the ratio of 0%, 5%, 10% and 15% by volume of fine aggregate in concrete. Fresh concrete tests like compacting factor test and slump test were undertaken along with hardened concrete tests like compressive strength test and UPV test. The result shows that durian sawdust of 5% partially replacement of fine aggregate can be used for structural and non-structural purposes.
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2021
This paper investigates the effects of the properties of fresh concrete incorporating shredded Po... more This paper investigates the effects of the properties of fresh concrete incorporating shredded Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) bottles and Manufactured Sand (M-sand) together as fine aggregates replacement in concrete mixtures. The investigation to determine the correlation of the fresh properties of concrete were mainly experimental based and the experiments involved were Slump Test, VeBe Test and Compaction Factor Test. There were two different concrete batches were prepared, in which the first batch was partially replaced by M-sand and the second batch was partially replaced by M-sand and shredded PET bottles as fine aggregate replacements. The proportion of M-sand content and M-sand with shredded PET bottles were 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% (for M-sand) and 1.5% proportion of shredded PET bottles respectively. The mix design was prepared in accordance to the Department of Environment (DOE) method and utilizes M30 as the Class of Concrete. A novel empirical relationship between slump...
Advances in Science, Technology and Engineering Systems Journal, 2020
The impact of Manufacture sand on UPV, compression strength and modulus of rupture has been exper... more The impact of Manufacture sand on UPV, compression strength and modulus of rupture has been experimentally investigated and discussed in this paper. Concrete grade 30 (30Mpa) were produced with different percentage of M sand substitution ranging from 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% by volume were selected as concrete mix design in this project. The strength for different percentage of M-sand incorporation was measured by the destructive test which are compression strength test and modulus of rupture test and nondestructive test which is UPV test for curing ages of 90, 28 and 7 days. Furthermore, the highest compression strength of concrete and modulus of rupture was found on the 90th day containing a proportion of 75% of M-sand as a substitution for natural fine aggregate. A novel empirical equations 1 & 4 are proposed for the relation of compression strength with the modulus of rupture and UPV.
Rice husk ash (RHA) contains high amount of amorphous silica that is ubiquitous in the pozzolanic... more Rice husk ash (RHA) contains high amount of amorphous silica that is ubiquitous in the pozzolanic reaction of SCM in concrete. However, usage of conventional RHA is currently unfavourable in concrete industry due to its properties inconsistency. In this regard, improvement on the RHA properties by introduction of thermochemical pre-treatment prior to burning procedure is seen as an excellent way to reach the goal. In this paper, raw rice husk was pre-treated using 0.1N hydrochloric acid (HCl) and heated at 80oC. It was then mechanically activated by high energy planetary ball mill for 15 minutes at speed of 300rpmand ball-to-powder ratio (BPR) of 15:1. The chemical composition, mineralogical properties, particle size analysis, specific surface area as well as microstructure properties of ultrafine treated rice husk ash (UFTRHA) were determined accordingly. As for amorphous silica content of the optimum sample was recorded as 98.60% incinerated at 600oC with four hours of pre-treatme...
Advances in Science, Technology and Engineering Systems Journal, 2020
This, research work was to study the potential of M-sand as compared to river sand in concrete, h... more This, research work was to study the potential of M-sand as compared to river sand in concrete, here M-sand is replaced by river sand 0%,45%,50%,55% and 100% in the concrete mix, Mix design is designed as per IS Standards. In this research a mix 1:2.32:2.82 (M20) was considered. The test specimen was casted for 7days, 28 days and 90days. The performance of M-sand was determined by several experiments such as slump test, impact strength test, flexural Strength, and compressive strength test. The results attained from each test states that as M-sand increases the slump value decreases. flexural strength, compressive strength and impact test of concrete at 7 days, 28 days and 90 days is greater at 100% and 50% replacement of M sand by river sand.
International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering, 2019
Concrete construction industry is one of the major sector utilizing natural resources to produce ... more Concrete construction industry is one of the major sector utilizing natural resources to produce concrete for building constructions. The rapid increase in building constructions and the demand for natural aggregates has resulted in depletion natural resources at an alarming rate. Uncontrolled mining activity worsens the situation. Thus serious awareness has been taken into consideration, has to be identified as a potential river sand substitution for fine aggregates replacement in concrete. For this review, utilizing recycled material are described as a fine aggregate replacement to river sand, particularly recycled Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) bottles. Recycled PET Bottles are categorized as nonbiodegradable waste materials which are injurious to health. Recycled PET bottles in concrete are economical and help in reducing disposal problems. Recycled PET bottles are pondered as the best eco-friendly alternative not only for resolving the problem of disposal but as a new constru...
International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 2018
Pozzolanic reactive material is considered as one of the most essential characteristic of cementi... more Pozzolanic reactive material is considered as one of the most essential characteristic of cementing additive material in concrete technology application. Normally, the reactive material contains abundant silica that enhances concrete strength activity. Undeniably, it is proven that rice husk ash (RHA) possesses large quantity of silica that induces the pozzolanic reaction in concrete. Nevertheless, usage of conventional RHA is still widely accepted in concrete industry nowadays. One of the setback of conventional RHA incorporation is simply because of its properties inconsistency. Therefore, enhancement on the RHA properties by introduction of a specific pretreatment prior to incineration process is expected to provide an alternative way in order to produce highly reactive cementing additive material from locally available agricultural by-product, the rice husk. In this paper, a total number of 30 experimental set points was conducted. Statistical analysis was conducted for four ind...
This research aims to study the potential of shredded PET bottles waste as a fine aggregate repla... more This research aims to study the potential of shredded PET bottles waste as a fine aggregate replacement in concrete. PET bottles waste was preferred because it is readily available, and it causes an environmental problem. The PET bottles waste was shredded into a fine particle. The size of fine particle is of similar size of the sand particle. It is partially replaced by sand with 0.5%, 1% and 1.5% in the concrete mix. This mix design method is referred from the Department of Environment (DOE), and the test is carried out for M30 grade concrete for 7-days,28-days, and 90-days. The performance of recycled PET bottles concrete was investigated based on experimental tests such as slump test, flexural strength test, and compressive strength test. The slump value of PET bottle concrete is similar to conventional concrete. Flexural strength and compressive strength increased for 90 days of curing for 0.5%,1%, and 1.5% substitution of shredded PET bottles aggregates by sand. For 7 days and...
IIUM Press, International Islamic University Malaysia eBooks, 2017
Additional of fibre in concrete creates fibre reinforced concrete (FRC) with an improvement of th... more Additional of fibre in concrete creates fibre reinforced concrete (FRC) with an improvement of the mechanical properties of the concrete. However, additional of fibres in FRC has limited to 2% to allow normal mixing procedure. To address this issue, high performance fibre reinforced concrete (HPFRC) which is relatively new in construction industry is studied. Since very limited information on its capacity in tropical climate condition exposure, this project focuses on investigation of HPFRC compressive strength and microstructure properties in tropical climate condition. Grade 80 cement slurry is used with 3%, 4% and 5% hooked-end steel fibre to produce HPFRC. Total numbers of 56 samples which are divided into 4 sets and exposed to two different curing methods namely water curing method and steam curing method at 80oC. Out of the 4 sets, 2 sets are exposed to tropical climate condition using climatic chamber at 80% relative humidity (RH) and constant temperature of 35oC for 30 days. Compression and ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) tests are carried out at 28 days to identify the strength of HPFRC. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis is done to ascertain the microstructure properties of HPFRC. The highest compressive strength of 152.2 MPa was recorded for steam curing samples after exposed to tropical climate condition for 30 days with 5% steel fibre volume. The regression analysis developed exponential and polynomial expressions to correlate the pulse velocity values with the compressive strength. The best fit correlation value (R2) showing the significant relation of the two tests is recorded as 0.7976
Owing to the inability of waste concrete to be recycled, unlike aluminium or glass, it is one of ... more Owing to the inability of waste concrete to be recycled, unlike aluminium or glass, it is one of the most harmful substances to the environment. Thus, most of the waste concrete was poured in every available space, resulting in environmental contamination due to the chemical content of the waste concrete. This involves the fabrication and characterization of cement bricks’ compressive strength made from concrete sludge waste in order to investigate the feasibility of re using waste concrete. The concrete waste was to substitute the cement composition within the bricks. The composition of cement and waste concrete is varied to investigate effect of its compressive strength and its microstructure. In general, the optimal formulation is 100 wt % cement and 0 wt % waste, with a compressive strength of up to 12 MPa on average. Increasing the waste composition by 50% reduces the compressive strength of the concrete bricks to 2MPa which limiting the range of application suitable with its p...
The sustainability of renewable resources is affected by the rapid booming of the construction se... more The sustainability of renewable resources is affected by the rapid booming of the construction sector. The massive production of construction and demolition waste by this sector has given drawbacks to the environment as well. An environmentally friendly approach to overcome the disposal of waste materials is via the recycling process. The main objective of this study is to investigate the properties of concrete made by Coarse Aggregate Associated with Concrete Production (CAACP) and Fine Aggregate Associated with Concrete Production (FAACP). Both CAACP and FAACP were obtained from concrete debris from crushed concrete. Some percentage of the concrete debris will be used as an aggregate replacement for concrete production. Six different concrete mixes containing 10, 20 and 30% of coarse and fine aggregate replacement were prepared accordingly. The concrete samples were tested for its strength at 3,7 and 28 days of curing age. The physical properties of the recycle aggregate were also carried out in order to investigate the possible factor that may affect the fresh and hardened concrete. It can finally be concluded that green concrete can be produced by FAACP or CAACP and possibly to produce higher strength compared to the conventional concrete strength. Keywords Concrete debris Á Aggregate replacement Á Strength 1 Introduction The growth of the concrete construction industry in this country has given an adverse effect to the environment as well as to human health. McNeil and Kang [5], claimed that the construction industry uses at least 50% of raw materials from
Indeed, it is proven that rice husk ash (RHA) contains high amount of amorphous silica that is es... more Indeed, it is proven that rice husk ash (RHA) contains high amount of amorphous silica that is essential in concrete strength development. Despite of many research of regarding conventional RHA since 1970’s, usage of conventional RHA is still unfavourable in current concrete industry. The principal aim of this research was to improve the RHA properties by introducing thermochemical pretreatment process prior to burning procedure of raw rice husk (RH) at a relatively low acid concentration
The superior performance of asphaltic concrete exhibited the good adhesion bonding between binder... more The superior performance of asphaltic concrete exhibited the good adhesion bonding between binder-aggregates interaction in bituminous mixture. However, the issue of compatibility properties in modification of binder with waste cooking oil (WCO) arises since the poor mechanical performance of asphalt mixture is globally recorded thus reflected the weakness of adhesion bonding inside the pavement material. In fact, the potential of high adhesiveness binding properties is affected by the chemical theory which is chemical composition thereby effecting to the surface microstructure arrangement in bituminous mixture. Therefore, it is vital to conduct the morphology and microstructure observation in order to obtain a comprehensive understanding on the behaviour of the internal structure in pavement material that influencing the adhesion performance. The identification of chemical composition is determined by using Gas Chromatography-Mass Selective (GC-MS). Meanwhile, the surface microstru...
This research focuses on determination of cement-free geopolymer concrete capacity as an alternat... more This research focuses on determination of cement-free geopolymer concrete capacity as an alternative to Ordinary Portland Cement concrete (OPC) for in-situ casting and the effect of utilizing waste material in polymeric concrete. pulverized fuel ash (PFA) is used as the main constituent and MIRHA as replacement by 0%, 3%, 5% and 7%. Sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate solution are used as alkali activators of silica (Si) and aluminium (Al) in main binders while sugar is added to delay the setting time of the polymeric concrete. The polymeric concrete samples are exposed to three different curing regimes namely hot gunny sack curing, ambient temperature curing and external exposure curing. Compressive strength test is carried out in 3, 7, 28 and 56 days to identify the strength of the polymeric concrete. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis is done to ascertain the microstructure properties of the produced polymeric concrete.
Rice husk ash (RHA) possesses high content of amorphous silica that is essential in pozzolanic re... more Rice husk ash (RHA) possesses high content of amorphous silica that is essential in pozzolanic reaction of supplementary cementing material (SCM) in concrete strength enhancement. However, usage of conventional RHA is unfavourable in current concrete industry. One of the reason that hindered the utilization of conventional RHA nowadays is due to its properties inconsistency namely chemical and mineralogical properties. In this regard, improvement on the RHA properties by introduction of chemical pre-treatment prior to burning procedure is seen as an excellent way to reach the goal. In this research, raw rice husk was soaked in 0.1M hydrochloric acid (HCl) solution from one to three hours. After that, the pre-treated rice husk was ground using planetary ball mill for 15 minutes. The effect of pre-treatment soaking time to alkali metal removal and its chemical composition, mineralogical properties, particle size analysis as well as specific surface area of ultra fine treated rice husk...
Recently, the need towards production of environmental friendly and excellent performance cementi... more Recently, the need towards production of environmental friendly and excellent performance cementitious material has been outlined properly. Based on extensive researches done since 1970s, it is proven that rice husk ash (RHA) is silica-rich material and hence categorized as pozzolans in concrete. Nevertheless, the usage of this material in real construction industries is still under expectation. This is simply due to instability of the chemical components, especially amorphous silica content in the material after burning process. The aim of this paper is to present the characteristics and unwanted metal leaching evaluation of treated rice husk ash (TRHA) to be utilized as supplementary cementing material (SCM) in concrete. In this regard, raw rice husk was treated by adopting hydrochloric acid (HCl) pretreatment method prior to burning process. Several tests have been conducted to analyze the chemical compositions, specific surface are (SSA), microstructure properties and concentrat...
This paper evaluates the rainfall-induced debris flow in Peninsular Malaysia from the perspective... more This paper evaluates the rainfall-induced debris flow in Peninsular Malaysia from the perspective of rainfall threshold. Eight selected debris flow occurrences in Peninsular Malaysia have been used for this study. Rainfall records are obtained from the nearest meteorological station of Drainage and Irrigation Department and the Malaysia Meteorology Department. In order to determine the reasonable correlation of rainfall with the occurrence of debris flow, the relationship between rainfall intensity (I) and duration (D) has been analysed. Furthermore, to analyze the empirical rainfall threshold, the values of the maximum hourly rainfall intensity and durations that correlate with debris flow have been plotted along with the intensity against duration in log-log graph. Comparison made between the compiled Peninsular Malaysia data and the worldwide threshold value shows that the triggering threshold is mostly higher for the Peninsular Malaysia events. The presence of thicker soil layers are likely the reason of higher thresholds limit, as more rainfalls are required to cause extensive localized failures to occur.
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2021
Recently, many researches all over the world are focusing on ways of utilizing either industrial ... more Recently, many researches all over the world are focusing on ways of utilizing either industrial or agricultural wastes as a source of raw materials for the construction industry. The aim of this study is to determine the optimum proportion of durian saw dust as partial replacement for fine aggregate. These wastes utilization would not only be economical but may also help to create a sustainable and pollution free environment. Durian sawdust is one such fibrous waste-product from durian skin. In this paper, untreated durian sawdust has been partially replaced in the ratio of 0%, 5%, 10% and 15% by volume of fine aggregate in concrete. Fresh concrete tests like compacting factor test and slump test were undertaken along with hardened concrete tests like compressive strength test and UPV test. The result shows that durian sawdust of 5% partially replacement of fine aggregate can be used for structural and non-structural purposes.
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2021
This paper investigates the effects of the properties of fresh concrete incorporating shredded Po... more This paper investigates the effects of the properties of fresh concrete incorporating shredded Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) bottles and Manufactured Sand (M-sand) together as fine aggregates replacement in concrete mixtures. The investigation to determine the correlation of the fresh properties of concrete were mainly experimental based and the experiments involved were Slump Test, VeBe Test and Compaction Factor Test. There were two different concrete batches were prepared, in which the first batch was partially replaced by M-sand and the second batch was partially replaced by M-sand and shredded PET bottles as fine aggregate replacements. The proportion of M-sand content and M-sand with shredded PET bottles were 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% (for M-sand) and 1.5% proportion of shredded PET bottles respectively. The mix design was prepared in accordance to the Department of Environment (DOE) method and utilizes M30 as the Class of Concrete. A novel empirical relationship between slump...
Advances in Science, Technology and Engineering Systems Journal, 2020
The impact of Manufacture sand on UPV, compression strength and modulus of rupture has been exper... more The impact of Manufacture sand on UPV, compression strength and modulus of rupture has been experimentally investigated and discussed in this paper. Concrete grade 30 (30Mpa) were produced with different percentage of M sand substitution ranging from 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% by volume were selected as concrete mix design in this project. The strength for different percentage of M-sand incorporation was measured by the destructive test which are compression strength test and modulus of rupture test and nondestructive test which is UPV test for curing ages of 90, 28 and 7 days. Furthermore, the highest compression strength of concrete and modulus of rupture was found on the 90th day containing a proportion of 75% of M-sand as a substitution for natural fine aggregate. A novel empirical equations 1 & 4 are proposed for the relation of compression strength with the modulus of rupture and UPV.
Rice husk ash (RHA) contains high amount of amorphous silica that is ubiquitous in the pozzolanic... more Rice husk ash (RHA) contains high amount of amorphous silica that is ubiquitous in the pozzolanic reaction of SCM in concrete. However, usage of conventional RHA is currently unfavourable in concrete industry due to its properties inconsistency. In this regard, improvement on the RHA properties by introduction of thermochemical pre-treatment prior to burning procedure is seen as an excellent way to reach the goal. In this paper, raw rice husk was pre-treated using 0.1N hydrochloric acid (HCl) and heated at 80oC. It was then mechanically activated by high energy planetary ball mill for 15 minutes at speed of 300rpmand ball-to-powder ratio (BPR) of 15:1. The chemical composition, mineralogical properties, particle size analysis, specific surface area as well as microstructure properties of ultrafine treated rice husk ash (UFTRHA) were determined accordingly. As for amorphous silica content of the optimum sample was recorded as 98.60% incinerated at 600oC with four hours of pre-treatme...
Advances in Science, Technology and Engineering Systems Journal, 2020
This, research work was to study the potential of M-sand as compared to river sand in concrete, h... more This, research work was to study the potential of M-sand as compared to river sand in concrete, here M-sand is replaced by river sand 0%,45%,50%,55% and 100% in the concrete mix, Mix design is designed as per IS Standards. In this research a mix 1:2.32:2.82 (M20) was considered. The test specimen was casted for 7days, 28 days and 90days. The performance of M-sand was determined by several experiments such as slump test, impact strength test, flexural Strength, and compressive strength test. The results attained from each test states that as M-sand increases the slump value decreases. flexural strength, compressive strength and impact test of concrete at 7 days, 28 days and 90 days is greater at 100% and 50% replacement of M sand by river sand.
International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering, 2019
Concrete construction industry is one of the major sector utilizing natural resources to produce ... more Concrete construction industry is one of the major sector utilizing natural resources to produce concrete for building constructions. The rapid increase in building constructions and the demand for natural aggregates has resulted in depletion natural resources at an alarming rate. Uncontrolled mining activity worsens the situation. Thus serious awareness has been taken into consideration, has to be identified as a potential river sand substitution for fine aggregates replacement in concrete. For this review, utilizing recycled material are described as a fine aggregate replacement to river sand, particularly recycled Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) bottles. Recycled PET Bottles are categorized as nonbiodegradable waste materials which are injurious to health. Recycled PET bottles in concrete are economical and help in reducing disposal problems. Recycled PET bottles are pondered as the best eco-friendly alternative not only for resolving the problem of disposal but as a new constru...
International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 2018
Pozzolanic reactive material is considered as one of the most essential characteristic of cementi... more Pozzolanic reactive material is considered as one of the most essential characteristic of cementing additive material in concrete technology application. Normally, the reactive material contains abundant silica that enhances concrete strength activity. Undeniably, it is proven that rice husk ash (RHA) possesses large quantity of silica that induces the pozzolanic reaction in concrete. Nevertheless, usage of conventional RHA is still widely accepted in concrete industry nowadays. One of the setback of conventional RHA incorporation is simply because of its properties inconsistency. Therefore, enhancement on the RHA properties by introduction of a specific pretreatment prior to incineration process is expected to provide an alternative way in order to produce highly reactive cementing additive material from locally available agricultural by-product, the rice husk. In this paper, a total number of 30 experimental set points was conducted. Statistical analysis was conducted for four ind...
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