This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
A sociedade e as empresas têm cada vez mais a necessidade de caminhar para uma economia circular,... more A sociedade e as empresas têm cada vez mais a necessidade de caminhar para uma economia circular, um conceito que surgiu como resposta às desvantagens do modelo de crescimento convencional de extrair-produzirconsumir-dispor e à mudança para um desenvolvimento sustentável. Os potenciais benefícios econômicos, sociais e ambientais de avançar para uma economia circular são convincentes: até 2030, a Europa espera ver uma duplicação dos benefícios econômicos, crescimento de 11% nos rendimentos médios disponíveis e redução para metade das emissões de dióxido de carbono. Para o setor da água, que inclui todas as instituições e indivíduos responsáveis pela gestão do ciclo da água, a transição para uma economia circular apresenta a oportunidade para acelerar e ampliar a investigação e os avanços tecnológicos que sustentam maior eficiência no setor. Os serviços públicos de água, saneamento e águas residuais podem tornar-se motores da economia circular. Os sistemas de abastecimento de água existentes são a maioria das vezes ineficientes desde a captação até o consumidor final e, posteriormente, de volta à origem. Essa ineficiência pode manifestar-se em qualquer um dos componentes dos sistemas. Existem grandes perdas de água na grande maioria das vezes já tratada, para além de haver grandes desperdícios e má utilização, o que faz exacerbar a lacuna entre a oferta e a procura de água doce disponível e o seu custo para o consumidor final. O caminho da água deve ser desenvolvido como um sistema de circuito fechado, com opções de qualidade de água em cascata, cujo nível deve ser determinado e diferenciado por uso. Neste artigo, apresentam-se três casos de estudo, no domínio do aproveitamento das águas pluvais, desenvolvidos pelas autoras, e respectiva viabilidade econômica, servindo de base a uma reflexão sobre a aplicabilidade dessas soluções técnicas de forma a poderem ser economicamente viáveis, contribuindo para a circularidade da água e, por conseguinte, para o desenvolvimento sustentável.
Este trabalho foi parcialmente financiado pelo Centro de Matematica da Universidade do Minho por ... more Este trabalho foi parcialmente financiado pelo Centro de Matematica da Universidade do Minho por Fundos Nacionais atraves da FCT - “Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia”, no âmbito do projecto PEstOE/MAT/UI0013/2017. Este trabalho foi parcialmente financiado pelo projecto POCI-0-0145- FEDER-016730 (PTDC/AAG-REC/4700/2014) com a designacao ENERWAT: Agua para energia: caracterizacao, modelagem e medidas para a reducao do consumo domestico urbano e rural, financiado pela Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia e cofinanciado pelo Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional (FEDER) atraves do COMPETE 2020 - Programa de Competitividade Operacional e Internacionalizacao (POCI). Este trabalho foi parcialmente apoiado pela FCT (Fundacao Portuguesa para Ciencia e Tecnologia) atraves do projecto PEst-OE/ECI UI4082/2013 (C-MADE).
Water and energy are two linked important resources and its use efficiency must be profoundly stu... more Water and energy are two linked important resources and its use efficiency must be profoundly studied. On the other hand, it is believed that there are significant differences between the pattern of water and energy consumption in rural and urban areas, whose influencing factors require study too. Several research state a large difference in urban and rural household water consumption pattern. However, rural household’s consumptions are under-researched compared to urban residential consumptions. This paper aims to provide some preliminary results of a research project named ENERWAT, supported by the Portuguese Science and Technology Foundation. One of the parts of the referred project was the design, application and results analysis of a survey, in order to find the main differences in the water and energy consumptions at the enduse level, and the factors that influence it in urban and rural households. A total of 245 households participated in the research during the year of 2016 ...
Bath temperature influences energy consumption and water consumption • The presence of a flow red... more Bath temperature influences energy consumption and water consumption • The presence of a flow reducing valve is not a guarantee of water saving. • Flow reducer can lead to a bath duration increase. • Higher values of CO 2 emissions are obtained for baths with higher temperatures. • The presence of a flow reducer with higher temperature baths increase the costs.
Impervious cover has important hydrologic impacts, namely the increased runoff volume and peak di... more Impervious cover has important hydrologic impacts, namely the increased runoff volume and peak discharges in the rainwater network, which can lead to significant consequences like rapid urban floods with social, environmental and economic implications. LID (Low Impact Development) consist of distributed runoff management measures, like green roofs, pervious pavements, waterways covered with vegetation and filter trails, among others, that seek to control stormwater in the origin, reducing imperviousness. These solutions avoid increased runoff rate and volume, increase infiltration and groundwater recharge. The main goal of the research work here presented is to study the hydrological impact of LID's in UTAD (University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro) campus, which is an institution focused on sustainability, since it has defined in its Strategic Plan to achieve, in a near future, an EcoCampus classification. To achieve the proposed goal, the campus area was studied in detail in order to evaluate the technical possibility of LID's implementation. A peak discharge comparison was made between the current situation and the one with LID's implementation, using the rational method. The results showed that peak discharges reduction between 68 and 95% may be achieved with LID solutions in UTAD campus.
Factors that may support differences in water and energy consumptions in rural and urban areas • ... more Factors that may support differences in water and energy consumptions in rural and urban areas • Where found significant differences between rural and urban environments • Descriptive data analysis and statistical inference (ST) are performed. • Started with 80 variables after ST only 42 remained as differentiating factors of environments.
Journal of Hydrogeology and Hydrologic Engineering, 2015
Urban Land-Cover, Urbanization Type and Implications for Storm Water Quality: Vila Real as a Case... more Urban Land-Cover, Urbanization Type and Implications for Storm Water Quality: Vila Real as a Case Study Land use changes associated with urban expansion, such as vegetation removal, replacement of earlier pervious areas with impervious surfaces and drainage channel alterations, consistently result in changes to the characteristics of the surface runoff quality. These consequences are due to the introduction of pollutants of physical, chemical and biological origin resulting from various anthropogenic activities common to urban areas.In the present study the main aim was to characterize the stormwater in two urban areas with similar characteristics and try to find a stormwater quality standard for the type of urbanization. On the other hand, the authors evaluated if this type of urban areas, common in cities from the interior of Portugal, originate problematic stormwater in terms of quality.
High food waste values have been reported in university canteens in different countries. This stu... more High food waste values have been reported in university canteens in different countries. This study aims to evaluate food waste related to the consumption stage in a Portuguese university canteen and its environmental, economic, and nutritional impact. Data collection was performed at a Portuguese university with about 7000 students. Food waste (leftovers and plate waste) was assessed over 10 days by physical weighing. The Ecological Footprint Accounting methodology was used, combined with an assessment of the ecological footprint. The energy and nutritional contents of meals wasted were estimated using the software Nutrium® 4.0. The economic impact of food waste was obtained considering the daily meal price. During study period, 4374 meals were evaluated, corresponding to 1599 kg of food produced. A total of 189.5 kg of food was wasted, being higher for plate waste (164.1 kg) than for leftovers (25.3 kg). The meat group presented the highest total waste value (78.1 kg). Daily food ...
The emerging theory of vulnerability of water pipe networks intends to give an important contribu... more The emerging theory of vulnerability of water pipe networks intends to give an important contribution for the design of this important component of water supply systems, as well as, for the assessment, rehabilitation and management of the existing ones. The fundamental contribution of this theory is to design water pipe networks more robust since it is able to identify the most vulnerable parts of them. The concept of vulnerability is associated with the disproportionateness of the failure consequences in relation to the initial damage. It is not a theory of robustness. The main objective of this research work is to explain how the risk of a vulnerable failure scenario of a water pipe network may be accessed and how the theory of vulnerability can be relevant.
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
The directed bond percolation process is an important model in statistical physics. By now its un... more The directed bond percolation process is an important model in statistical physics. By now its universal properties are known only up to the second-order of the perturbation theory. Here, our aim is to put forward a numerical technique with anomalous dimensions of directed percolation to higher orders of perturbation theory and is focused on the most complicated Feynman diagrams with problems in calculation. The anomalous dimensions are computed up to three-loop order in ε = 4 − d.
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
A sociedade e as empresas têm cada vez mais a necessidade de caminhar para uma economia circular,... more A sociedade e as empresas têm cada vez mais a necessidade de caminhar para uma economia circular, um conceito que surgiu como resposta às desvantagens do modelo de crescimento convencional de extrair-produzirconsumir-dispor e à mudança para um desenvolvimento sustentável. Os potenciais benefícios econômicos, sociais e ambientais de avançar para uma economia circular são convincentes: até 2030, a Europa espera ver uma duplicação dos benefícios econômicos, crescimento de 11% nos rendimentos médios disponíveis e redução para metade das emissões de dióxido de carbono. Para o setor da água, que inclui todas as instituições e indivíduos responsáveis pela gestão do ciclo da água, a transição para uma economia circular apresenta a oportunidade para acelerar e ampliar a investigação e os avanços tecnológicos que sustentam maior eficiência no setor. Os serviços públicos de água, saneamento e águas residuais podem tornar-se motores da economia circular. Os sistemas de abastecimento de água existentes são a maioria das vezes ineficientes desde a captação até o consumidor final e, posteriormente, de volta à origem. Essa ineficiência pode manifestar-se em qualquer um dos componentes dos sistemas. Existem grandes perdas de água na grande maioria das vezes já tratada, para além de haver grandes desperdícios e má utilização, o que faz exacerbar a lacuna entre a oferta e a procura de água doce disponível e o seu custo para o consumidor final. O caminho da água deve ser desenvolvido como um sistema de circuito fechado, com opções de qualidade de água em cascata, cujo nível deve ser determinado e diferenciado por uso. Neste artigo, apresentam-se três casos de estudo, no domínio do aproveitamento das águas pluvais, desenvolvidos pelas autoras, e respectiva viabilidade econômica, servindo de base a uma reflexão sobre a aplicabilidade dessas soluções técnicas de forma a poderem ser economicamente viáveis, contribuindo para a circularidade da água e, por conseguinte, para o desenvolvimento sustentável.
Este trabalho foi parcialmente financiado pelo Centro de Matematica da Universidade do Minho por ... more Este trabalho foi parcialmente financiado pelo Centro de Matematica da Universidade do Minho por Fundos Nacionais atraves da FCT - “Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia”, no âmbito do projecto PEstOE/MAT/UI0013/2017. Este trabalho foi parcialmente financiado pelo projecto POCI-0-0145- FEDER-016730 (PTDC/AAG-REC/4700/2014) com a designacao ENERWAT: Agua para energia: caracterizacao, modelagem e medidas para a reducao do consumo domestico urbano e rural, financiado pela Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia e cofinanciado pelo Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional (FEDER) atraves do COMPETE 2020 - Programa de Competitividade Operacional e Internacionalizacao (POCI). Este trabalho foi parcialmente apoiado pela FCT (Fundacao Portuguesa para Ciencia e Tecnologia) atraves do projecto PEst-OE/ECI UI4082/2013 (C-MADE).
Water and energy are two linked important resources and its use efficiency must be profoundly stu... more Water and energy are two linked important resources and its use efficiency must be profoundly studied. On the other hand, it is believed that there are significant differences between the pattern of water and energy consumption in rural and urban areas, whose influencing factors require study too. Several research state a large difference in urban and rural household water consumption pattern. However, rural household’s consumptions are under-researched compared to urban residential consumptions. This paper aims to provide some preliminary results of a research project named ENERWAT, supported by the Portuguese Science and Technology Foundation. One of the parts of the referred project was the design, application and results analysis of a survey, in order to find the main differences in the water and energy consumptions at the enduse level, and the factors that influence it in urban and rural households. A total of 245 households participated in the research during the year of 2016 ...
Bath temperature influences energy consumption and water consumption • The presence of a flow red... more Bath temperature influences energy consumption and water consumption • The presence of a flow reducing valve is not a guarantee of water saving. • Flow reducer can lead to a bath duration increase. • Higher values of CO 2 emissions are obtained for baths with higher temperatures. • The presence of a flow reducer with higher temperature baths increase the costs.
Impervious cover has important hydrologic impacts, namely the increased runoff volume and peak di... more Impervious cover has important hydrologic impacts, namely the increased runoff volume and peak discharges in the rainwater network, which can lead to significant consequences like rapid urban floods with social, environmental and economic implications. LID (Low Impact Development) consist of distributed runoff management measures, like green roofs, pervious pavements, waterways covered with vegetation and filter trails, among others, that seek to control stormwater in the origin, reducing imperviousness. These solutions avoid increased runoff rate and volume, increase infiltration and groundwater recharge. The main goal of the research work here presented is to study the hydrological impact of LID's in UTAD (University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro) campus, which is an institution focused on sustainability, since it has defined in its Strategic Plan to achieve, in a near future, an EcoCampus classification. To achieve the proposed goal, the campus area was studied in detail in order to evaluate the technical possibility of LID's implementation. A peak discharge comparison was made between the current situation and the one with LID's implementation, using the rational method. The results showed that peak discharges reduction between 68 and 95% may be achieved with LID solutions in UTAD campus.
Factors that may support differences in water and energy consumptions in rural and urban areas • ... more Factors that may support differences in water and energy consumptions in rural and urban areas • Where found significant differences between rural and urban environments • Descriptive data analysis and statistical inference (ST) are performed. • Started with 80 variables after ST only 42 remained as differentiating factors of environments.
Journal of Hydrogeology and Hydrologic Engineering, 2015
Urban Land-Cover, Urbanization Type and Implications for Storm Water Quality: Vila Real as a Case... more Urban Land-Cover, Urbanization Type and Implications for Storm Water Quality: Vila Real as a Case Study Land use changes associated with urban expansion, such as vegetation removal, replacement of earlier pervious areas with impervious surfaces and drainage channel alterations, consistently result in changes to the characteristics of the surface runoff quality. These consequences are due to the introduction of pollutants of physical, chemical and biological origin resulting from various anthropogenic activities common to urban areas.In the present study the main aim was to characterize the stormwater in two urban areas with similar characteristics and try to find a stormwater quality standard for the type of urbanization. On the other hand, the authors evaluated if this type of urban areas, common in cities from the interior of Portugal, originate problematic stormwater in terms of quality.
High food waste values have been reported in university canteens in different countries. This stu... more High food waste values have been reported in university canteens in different countries. This study aims to evaluate food waste related to the consumption stage in a Portuguese university canteen and its environmental, economic, and nutritional impact. Data collection was performed at a Portuguese university with about 7000 students. Food waste (leftovers and plate waste) was assessed over 10 days by physical weighing. The Ecological Footprint Accounting methodology was used, combined with an assessment of the ecological footprint. The energy and nutritional contents of meals wasted were estimated using the software Nutrium® 4.0. The economic impact of food waste was obtained considering the daily meal price. During study period, 4374 meals were evaluated, corresponding to 1599 kg of food produced. A total of 189.5 kg of food was wasted, being higher for plate waste (164.1 kg) than for leftovers (25.3 kg). The meat group presented the highest total waste value (78.1 kg). Daily food ...
The emerging theory of vulnerability of water pipe networks intends to give an important contribu... more The emerging theory of vulnerability of water pipe networks intends to give an important contribution for the design of this important component of water supply systems, as well as, for the assessment, rehabilitation and management of the existing ones. The fundamental contribution of this theory is to design water pipe networks more robust since it is able to identify the most vulnerable parts of them. The concept of vulnerability is associated with the disproportionateness of the failure consequences in relation to the initial damage. It is not a theory of robustness. The main objective of this research work is to explain how the risk of a vulnerable failure scenario of a water pipe network may be accessed and how the theory of vulnerability can be relevant.
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
The directed bond percolation process is an important model in statistical physics. By now its un... more The directed bond percolation process is an important model in statistical physics. By now its universal properties are known only up to the second-order of the perturbation theory. Here, our aim is to put forward a numerical technique with anomalous dimensions of directed percolation to higher orders of perturbation theory and is focused on the most complicated Feynman diagrams with problems in calculation. The anomalous dimensions are computed up to three-loop order in ε = 4 − d.
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