Placental immune cells provide cytokines and growth factors that are necessary for placenta devel... more Placental immune cells provide cytokines and growth factors that are necessary for placenta development and function. Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are innate cells specific for glycolipid antigens presented by the CD1d molecule and secrete Th1 cytokines in the placenta, suggesting an immunoregulatory role. Self-lipid antigens at the maternal-fetal interface may activate iNKT cells, leading to placental inflammation and dysfunction, which can increase brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis and reduce fetal growth. Maternal low protein (LP) diets reduce offspring birth weight (BW) perhaps via a BAT thermogenesis-mediated effect. However, whether maternal LP nutrition alters placental immune cell populations and offspring thermogenesis in not yet known. Obese-prone Sprague-Dawley dams were fed 8% LP or 20% normal protein (NP) diets for 3 wks prior to breeding and through pregnancy. BW of neonatal LP males was lower than NP males. Vα14 mRNA marker for iNKT cells was 11-fold higher in LP placenta,...
The stromal vascular fraction (SVF) of subcutaneous adipose tissue contains precursors that can g... more The stromal vascular fraction (SVF) of subcutaneous adipose tissue contains precursors that can give rise to beige adipocytes. Beige adipocytes are characterized by the expression of specific markers, but it is not clear which markers best evaluate beige adipocyte differentiation. Regulators of β-adrenoceptor and PPAR-gamma mediated pathways modulate beige adipocyte differentiation. However, it is unclear whether PPAR-gamma agonists and adrenergic agonists have additive effects on expression of beige adipocyte markers. We isolated SVF cells from subcutaneous white adipose tissue of male C57Bl/6J mice, differentiated these cells into beige adipocytes with rosiglitazone, and evaluated the effect of isoproterenol on beige cell markers such as CD137, P2RX5, and CITED1. These 3 markers were increased 6-fold or more in beige cells, suggesting that they can be used to identify these adipocytes in the unstimulated state. CD137 and P2RX5 maintained their specificity after adrenergic stimulation as they were increa...
Malnutrition during the fetal growth period followed by postnatal catch-up growth results in obes... more Malnutrition during the fetal growth period followed by postnatal catch-up growth results in obesity and the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D). To determine whether a prenatal low protein diet f...
Supplemental material, Appendix_2 for Daily Protein Intake and Distribution of Daily Protein Cons... more Supplemental material, Appendix_2 for Daily Protein Intake and Distribution of Daily Protein Consumed Decreases Odds for Functional Disability in Older Americans by Ryan McGrath, Sherri Stastny, Shanon Casperson, Lisa Jahns, James Roemmich and Kyle J. Hackney in Journal of Aging and Health
Supplemental material, Appendix_1 for Daily Protein Intake and Distribution of Daily Protein Cons... more Supplemental material, Appendix_1 for Daily Protein Intake and Distribution of Daily Protein Consumed Decreases Odds for Functional Disability in Older Americans by Ryan McGrath, Sherri Stastny, Shanon Casperson, Lisa Jahns, James Roemmich and Kyle J. Hackney in Journal of Aging and Health
Table S3. Percent of individuals consuming types of main dishes at each eating occasion, 2001–201... more Table S3. Percent of individuals consuming types of main dishes at each eating occasion, 2001–2014 (n = 34,741). (DOCX 23 kb)
Distribution of markers of white adipocytes and preadipocytes between the adipocyte fraction and ... more Distribution of markers of white adipocytes and preadipocytes between the adipocyte fraction and SVF. The transcripts for ASC1 and Wdnm1-like (A) or PDGFR-alpha (B) were evaluated in the adipocyte fraction and SVF of 4 month and 10 days old mice kept at room temperature (22 °C). Transcripts were normalized to SVF. Values are means ± SEM (n = 3–5). (*) different from SVF, p ≤ 0.05, two-tailed t-test. (PPTX 97 kb)
Thermoregulatory markers in cells from the SVF and beige adipocytes in vitro. The transcripts for... more Thermoregulatory markers in cells from the SVF and beige adipocytes in vitro. The transcripts for CIDEA, Cox8b, and UCP1 were evaluated in SVF cells and beige adipocytes in culture. Transcripts were normalized to SVF cells. Values are means ± SEM (n = 3). (*) different from SVF cells, p ≤ 0.05, two-tailed t-test. (PPTX 71 kb)
Objectives Gradual increases in percentage body fat (%BF) across years can lead to overweight in ... more Objectives Gradual increases in percentage body fat (%BF) across years can lead to overweight in middle-aged women, resulting in greater health risks. Some seasons (fall, winter) may be more likely to result in increased %BF based on changes in energy intake (EI), sedentary activity (Sed), and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). This study assessed whether seasonal changes in EI and PA were predictive of changes in %BF from summer to spring. Methods Participants included 52 women aged 40–60 years with a BMI between 18–35 kg/m2. Body composition (%BF, iDXA) data were collected during 4 visits across one year, once at the midpoint of each season. Sed and MVPA (accelerometry) data were collected in tandem with the 4 visits; participants wore the device for 12 waking h/day for 7 days. EI (ASA 24-h Dietary Recall) data were collected 36 times throughout the year, each measurement 10 days apart, then averaged across seasons. Results From ANOVA %BF increased (P = .02) from summe...
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2021
Background: Rural U.S. adults’ prevalence of meeting physical activity (PA) guidelines is lower t... more Background: Rural U.S. adults’ prevalence of meeting physical activity (PA) guidelines is lower than urban adults, yet rural-urban differences in environmental influences of adults’ PA are largely unknown. The study’s objective was to identify rural-urban variations in environmental factors associated with the prevalence of adults meeting PA guidelines. Methods: County-level data for non-frontier counties (n = 2697) were used. A five-category rurality variable was created using the percentage of a county’s population living in a rural area. Factor scores from Factor Analyses (FA) were used in subsequent Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) analyses stratified by rurality to identify associations between environmental factor scores and the prevalence of males and females meeting PA guidelines. Results: FA revealed a 13-variable, four-factor structure of natural, social, recreation, and transportation environments. MLR revealed that natural, social, and recreation environments were associ...
Placental immune cells provide cytokines and growth factors that are necessary for placenta devel... more Placental immune cells provide cytokines and growth factors that are necessary for placenta development and function. Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are innate cells specific for glycolipid antigens presented by the CD1d molecule and secrete Th1 cytokines in the placenta, suggesting an immunoregulatory role. Self-lipid antigens at the maternal-fetal interface may activate iNKT cells, leading to placental inflammation and dysfunction, which can increase brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis and reduce fetal growth. Maternal low protein (LP) diets reduce offspring birth weight (BW) perhaps via a BAT thermogenesis-mediated effect. However, whether maternal LP nutrition alters placental immune cell populations and offspring thermogenesis in not yet known. Obese-prone Sprague-Dawley dams were fed 8% LP or 20% normal protein (NP) diets for 3 wks prior to breeding and through pregnancy. BW of neonatal LP males was lower than NP males. Vα14 mRNA marker for iNKT cells was 11-fold higher in LP placenta,...
The stromal vascular fraction (SVF) of subcutaneous adipose tissue contains precursors that can g... more The stromal vascular fraction (SVF) of subcutaneous adipose tissue contains precursors that can give rise to beige adipocytes. Beige adipocytes are characterized by the expression of specific markers, but it is not clear which markers best evaluate beige adipocyte differentiation. Regulators of β-adrenoceptor and PPAR-gamma mediated pathways modulate beige adipocyte differentiation. However, it is unclear whether PPAR-gamma agonists and adrenergic agonists have additive effects on expression of beige adipocyte markers. We isolated SVF cells from subcutaneous white adipose tissue of male C57Bl/6J mice, differentiated these cells into beige adipocytes with rosiglitazone, and evaluated the effect of isoproterenol on beige cell markers such as CD137, P2RX5, and CITED1. These 3 markers were increased 6-fold or more in beige cells, suggesting that they can be used to identify these adipocytes in the unstimulated state. CD137 and P2RX5 maintained their specificity after adrenergic stimulation as they were increa...
Malnutrition during the fetal growth period followed by postnatal catch-up growth results in obes... more Malnutrition during the fetal growth period followed by postnatal catch-up growth results in obesity and the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D). To determine whether a prenatal low protein diet f...
Supplemental material, Appendix_2 for Daily Protein Intake and Distribution of Daily Protein Cons... more Supplemental material, Appendix_2 for Daily Protein Intake and Distribution of Daily Protein Consumed Decreases Odds for Functional Disability in Older Americans by Ryan McGrath, Sherri Stastny, Shanon Casperson, Lisa Jahns, James Roemmich and Kyle J. Hackney in Journal of Aging and Health
Supplemental material, Appendix_1 for Daily Protein Intake and Distribution of Daily Protein Cons... more Supplemental material, Appendix_1 for Daily Protein Intake and Distribution of Daily Protein Consumed Decreases Odds for Functional Disability in Older Americans by Ryan McGrath, Sherri Stastny, Shanon Casperson, Lisa Jahns, James Roemmich and Kyle J. Hackney in Journal of Aging and Health
Table S3. Percent of individuals consuming types of main dishes at each eating occasion, 2001–201... more Table S3. Percent of individuals consuming types of main dishes at each eating occasion, 2001–2014 (n = 34,741). (DOCX 23 kb)
Distribution of markers of white adipocytes and preadipocytes between the adipocyte fraction and ... more Distribution of markers of white adipocytes and preadipocytes between the adipocyte fraction and SVF. The transcripts for ASC1 and Wdnm1-like (A) or PDGFR-alpha (B) were evaluated in the adipocyte fraction and SVF of 4 month and 10 days old mice kept at room temperature (22 °C). Transcripts were normalized to SVF. Values are means ± SEM (n = 3–5). (*) different from SVF, p ≤ 0.05, two-tailed t-test. (PPTX 97 kb)
Thermoregulatory markers in cells from the SVF and beige adipocytes in vitro. The transcripts for... more Thermoregulatory markers in cells from the SVF and beige adipocytes in vitro. The transcripts for CIDEA, Cox8b, and UCP1 were evaluated in SVF cells and beige adipocytes in culture. Transcripts were normalized to SVF cells. Values are means ± SEM (n = 3). (*) different from SVF cells, p ≤ 0.05, two-tailed t-test. (PPTX 71 kb)
Objectives Gradual increases in percentage body fat (%BF) across years can lead to overweight in ... more Objectives Gradual increases in percentage body fat (%BF) across years can lead to overweight in middle-aged women, resulting in greater health risks. Some seasons (fall, winter) may be more likely to result in increased %BF based on changes in energy intake (EI), sedentary activity (Sed), and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). This study assessed whether seasonal changes in EI and PA were predictive of changes in %BF from summer to spring. Methods Participants included 52 women aged 40–60 years with a BMI between 18–35 kg/m2. Body composition (%BF, iDXA) data were collected during 4 visits across one year, once at the midpoint of each season. Sed and MVPA (accelerometry) data were collected in tandem with the 4 visits; participants wore the device for 12 waking h/day for 7 days. EI (ASA 24-h Dietary Recall) data were collected 36 times throughout the year, each measurement 10 days apart, then averaged across seasons. Results From ANOVA %BF increased (P = .02) from summe...
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2021
Background: Rural U.S. adults’ prevalence of meeting physical activity (PA) guidelines is lower t... more Background: Rural U.S. adults’ prevalence of meeting physical activity (PA) guidelines is lower than urban adults, yet rural-urban differences in environmental influences of adults’ PA are largely unknown. The study’s objective was to identify rural-urban variations in environmental factors associated with the prevalence of adults meeting PA guidelines. Methods: County-level data for non-frontier counties (n = 2697) were used. A five-category rurality variable was created using the percentage of a county’s population living in a rural area. Factor scores from Factor Analyses (FA) were used in subsequent Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) analyses stratified by rurality to identify associations between environmental factor scores and the prevalence of males and females meeting PA guidelines. Results: FA revealed a 13-variable, four-factor structure of natural, social, recreation, and transportation environments. MLR revealed that natural, social, and recreation environments were associ...
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