Immunity is an innate quality of wheat to avoid rust diseases. Non-host resistance (NHR) is a for... more Immunity is an innate quality of wheat to avoid rust diseases. Non-host resistance (NHR) is a form of immunity present in distantly related species of wheat. Once the NHR is introgressed to the target species, it may confer immunity. Incorporation of rust resistance from alien or tertiary sources has been continuing for the last 115 years. There have been remarkable introgressions like 1BL.1RS in 1973 which revolutionized the wheat production worldwide. It was thought that this NHR will confer long-lasting immunity to rusts, however, myth was short-lived and the emergence of new, more aggressive and virulent pathotypes rendered varieties based on this type of resistance as susceptible. Therefore, it became very clear that wheat rusts can overcome even NHR through genetic changes in virulence. It emphasizes the role of modern tools and novel principles in the management of wheat rusts through durable rust resistance. CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing is a non-transgenic approach to have a new plant type conferring rust resistance. In addition, effectors or other chemical bases can also be explored as other tools for wheat rust management. Precise breeding with the support of marker assisted selection and genetic engineering to combat evolving pathogen genotypes is going to be at the forefront and becoming an integral part of wheat improvement programmes. However, the fact remains that wheat has to live with the rusts and these diseases have to be managed judiciously.
Immunity is an innate quality of wheat to avoid rust diseases. Non-host resistance (NHR) is a for... more Immunity is an innate quality of wheat to avoid rust diseases. Non-host resistance (NHR) is a form of immunity present in distantly related species of wheat. Once the NHR is introgressed to the target species, it may confer immunity. Incorporation of rust resistance from alien or tertiary sources has been continuing for the last 115 years. There have been remarkable introgressions like 1BL.1RS in 1973 which revolutionized the wheat production worldwide. It was thought that this NHR will confer long-lasting immunity to rusts, however, myth was short-lived and the emergence of new, more aggressive and virulent pathotypes rendered varieties based on this type of resistance as susceptible. Therefore, it became very clear that wheat rusts can overcome even NHR through genetic changes in virulence. It emphasizes the role of modern tools and novel principles in the management of wheat rusts through durable rust resistance. CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing is a non-transgenic approach to have a new plant type conferring rust resistance. In addition, effectors or other chemical bases can also be explored as other tools for wheat rust management. Precise breeding with the support of marker assisted selection and genetic engineering to combat evolving pathogen genotypes is going to be at the forefront and becoming an integral part of wheat improvement programmes. However, the fact remains that wheat has to live with the rusts and these diseases have to be managed judiciously.
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell) is the most widely cultivated cereal and serves as the mai... more Wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell) is the most widely cultivated cereal and serves as the main source of food for the world's population. Although India occupies the fourth position in acreage (24.09 million hectares), yet it ranks seventh in total production (53.99 million tonnes) among the wheat growing countries (Anonymous, 1990). There has been a substantial increase in the yield of bread wheat after the advent of semi-dwarf varieties. However, with the exploitation of these dwarfing genes through conventional breeding approaches, further improvement in the yield has reached a level beyond which phenomenal increase seems to be rather difficult. This warrants the need of adopting new breeding approaches which might increase the yield potential of wheat cultivars.
One hundred and fifty five germplasm accessions of wheat collected from North-Western Himalaya we... more One hundred and fifty five germplasm accessions of wheat collected from North-Western Himalaya were characterized for qualitative and quantitative traits. The germplasm have shown wide range of variability for all the characters studied. Maximum accessions were found to possess spreading type of growth, late maturity, white ear, awned, amber, semi-hard oblong bold grain, grain size (38–50 g) and medium brush hair length. Results for quantitative traits also reveal a wide range for ear length (6.0–13.8 cm) and thousand grain weight (25–66 g). Seven genotypes were found to possess seedling resistance against 21R55 pathotype of leafrust whereas only two genotypes have shown resistant reaction against 121 R63-1 pathotypes of leaf rust. The data on yield contributing traits reveals the potential of some of the germplasm accessions viz., WLG43, WLG44 and WLG 171 for their utilization in wheat improvement programme.
Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 1972
Under the All-India Coordinated Cotton Research Project, 1137 world collections of Gossypium hirs... more Under the All-India Coordinated Cotton Research Project, 1137 world collections of Gossypium hirsutum were evaluated for variability during the years 1967–68 at the Research Farm, Punjab Agriculural University, Hissar.
Health benefits associated with high amylose starch have drawn scientific interest to elevate amy... more Health benefits associated with high amylose starch have drawn scientific interest to elevate amylose content in wheat. Despite of several attempts, the elucidation of genetic factors behind high amylose biosynthesis remains unclear. We identified variation for amylose content in a bi-parental population (F 2:3 ), developed by crossing of high amylose donor ‘TAC 75’ and high yielding variety ‘WH 1105’ and report the first QTL map by Genotyping-by-sequencing. A stable QTL qhams7A.1 among 12 major effect QTLs was identified. Gene Ontology identified GBSSI , within qhams7A.1. High amylose donor carrying a novel missense mutation g.35767184 T > C in GBSSI led to mutant GBSSI_L539P. Subsequent analysis of mutant allele in a backcross population suggests the contribution of mutant allele to phenotype. The identified QTLs and GBSSI allele provide a useful resource for marker development and pre-breeding material for the trait.
A new bread wheat variety HI 1633 (Pusa Vani) has been released and notified by the Central Sub-C... more A new bread wheat variety HI 1633 (Pusa Vani) has been released and notified by the Central Sub-Committee on Crop Standards, Notification and Release of Varieties for Agricultural Crops, Government of India for commercial cultivation under irrigated and late sown conditions of Peninsular Zone of India. HI 1633 has average yield of 41.7 q ha-1 and showed superiority over checks. The potential yield of HI 1633 is 65.8 q ha-1 and found resistant to black and brown rusts. HI 1633 found to have excellent chapati quality (7.63), biscuit quality (7.08), high grainhardness (>80.0), test weight (80.3 kg hl-1) and sedimentation value (45.0 ml). It has high protein content (12.4 %) and presence of 5+10 subunit of Glu-D1 reflecting higher gluten strength. It has good amount of micronutrients viz., iron (41.6 ppm) and zinc (41.1 ppm) content making it rich in nutritional qualities. This variety has been recommended for irrigated late sown conditions and would contribute to increasing wheat production and alleviate the socio-economic status of farmers of Peninsular zone in India.
This study was designed to identify the drought tolerant and susceptible genotypes among 160 whea... more This study was designed to identify the drought tolerant and susceptible genotypes among 160 wheat genotypes. Analysis of variance under drought condition showed mean square due to genotypes had highly significant differences for all the quantitative traits in both years and pooled data, except flag leaf width, flag leaf area those were significant only and under control condition. Mean square due to genotypes had highly significant differences for all the traits in both the years and pooled data, except plant height in the pooled data that was significant only. On the basis of grain yield per plant under both the conditions twenty one tolerant genotypes namely;
research strategies galvanized to control the wheat killer genus Puccinia. It will also highlight... more research strategies galvanized to control the wheat killer genus Puccinia. It will also highlight the outcome and research impact of cost-effective NGS technologies and cloning of rust resistance genes amid the public availability of common and tetraploid wheat reference genomes.
Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 2019
In this paper, we have reported undoped and Co doped CuS nanorods by using co-precipitation metho... more In this paper, we have reported undoped and Co doped CuS nanorods by using co-precipitation method. Dehydrated Copper Chloride and Thiourea were used as main precursors and NaOH as a complexing agent in this synthesis process. The reaction takes place at room temperature. The powder samples were obtained under 100 °C using an oven for 3 h and analyzed by using various techniques like X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and UV-Vis spectroscopy. X-ray diffraction spectra exhibit the poly crystalline behavior with hexagonal phase. FESEM micrographs exhibit the randomly oriented few micrometer long CuS nanorods in vertical directions with diameter 10-15 nm. With the addition of cobalt, the nanorod converts into nanosheets with average length 2 µm and diameter 80 nm. Optical studies show the optical band gap of about 1.09-1.19 nm which is good for optoelectronic devices.
Studies on genetic control of grain yield are of great importance for devising effective breeding... more Studies on genetic control of grain yield are of great importance for devising effective breeding programmes for yield gain in barley. Hence, inheritance of grain yield, heterosis and combining ability were investigated in barley population obtained from half-diallel crossing among 7 parental lines. The analysis of variance revealed that mean squares due to genotypes were highly significant for grain yield indicating wide diversity among the parental materials used in the study. Mean squares of general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA), the ratio of GCA to SCA mean squares and portion of additive and dominance variances showed, importance of both additive and non-additive gene effects for grain yield. The non significant ratio of GCA to SCA mean square highlighted that non-additive gene effects were more important than additive effects. Distribution of dominant and recessive alleles in parents were asymmetrical and parents possess majority of recessive alleles. Since average degree of dominance has values greater than 1, which indicated over-dominance type of gene action in the inheritance of the grain yield. The parent BHS400 was considered suitable according to its yield capacities and general combining ability effects. Only 2 crosses viz., BHS400 X RD2660 and BHS400 X RD2552 had significant higher grain yield than that of the check variety (BHS400), high significant SCA values and high significant useful heterosis values. Considering average narrow-sense heritability and over-dominant effects in genetic control of grain yield it is better to postpone selection for this trait until advanced breeding generations.
Thirty-four lines of winter wheat were screened for yellow rust resistance against predominant pa... more Thirty-four lines of winter wheat were screened for yellow rust resistance against predominant pathotypes of northern India. Four of these were found to be resistant against all the four pathotypes. Breeding wheats involving these sources of resistance may diversify the Indian wheats and reduce the impact of new pathotypes.
Immunity is an innate quality of wheat to avoid rust diseases. Non-host resistance (NHR) is a for... more Immunity is an innate quality of wheat to avoid rust diseases. Non-host resistance (NHR) is a form of immunity present in distantly related species of wheat. Once the NHR is introgressed to the target species, it may confer immunity. Incorporation of rust resistance from alien or tertiary sources has been continuing for the last 115 years. There have been remarkable introgressions like 1BL.1RS in 1973 which revolutionized the wheat production worldwide. It was thought that this NHR will confer long-lasting immunity to rusts, however, myth was short-lived and the emergence of new, more aggressive and virulent pathotypes rendered varieties based on this type of resistance as susceptible. Therefore, it became very clear that wheat rusts can overcome even NHR through genetic changes in virulence. It emphasizes the role of modern tools and novel principles in the management of wheat rusts through durable rust resistance. CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing is a non-transgenic approach to have a new plant type conferring rust resistance. In addition, effectors or other chemical bases can also be explored as other tools for wheat rust management. Precise breeding with the support of marker assisted selection and genetic engineering to combat evolving pathogen genotypes is going to be at the forefront and becoming an integral part of wheat improvement programmes. However, the fact remains that wheat has to live with the rusts and these diseases have to be managed judiciously.
Immunity is an innate quality of wheat to avoid rust diseases. Non-host resistance (NHR) is a for... more Immunity is an innate quality of wheat to avoid rust diseases. Non-host resistance (NHR) is a form of immunity present in distantly related species of wheat. Once the NHR is introgressed to the target species, it may confer immunity. Incorporation of rust resistance from alien or tertiary sources has been continuing for the last 115 years. There have been remarkable introgressions like 1BL.1RS in 1973 which revolutionized the wheat production worldwide. It was thought that this NHR will confer long-lasting immunity to rusts, however, myth was short-lived and the emergence of new, more aggressive and virulent pathotypes rendered varieties based on this type of resistance as susceptible. Therefore, it became very clear that wheat rusts can overcome even NHR through genetic changes in virulence. It emphasizes the role of modern tools and novel principles in the management of wheat rusts through durable rust resistance. CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing is a non-transgenic approach to have a new plant type conferring rust resistance. In addition, effectors or other chemical bases can also be explored as other tools for wheat rust management. Precise breeding with the support of marker assisted selection and genetic engineering to combat evolving pathogen genotypes is going to be at the forefront and becoming an integral part of wheat improvement programmes. However, the fact remains that wheat has to live with the rusts and these diseases have to be managed judiciously.
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell) is the most widely cultivated cereal and serves as the mai... more Wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell) is the most widely cultivated cereal and serves as the main source of food for the world's population. Although India occupies the fourth position in acreage (24.09 million hectares), yet it ranks seventh in total production (53.99 million tonnes) among the wheat growing countries (Anonymous, 1990). There has been a substantial increase in the yield of bread wheat after the advent of semi-dwarf varieties. However, with the exploitation of these dwarfing genes through conventional breeding approaches, further improvement in the yield has reached a level beyond which phenomenal increase seems to be rather difficult. This warrants the need of adopting new breeding approaches which might increase the yield potential of wheat cultivars.
One hundred and fifty five germplasm accessions of wheat collected from North-Western Himalaya we... more One hundred and fifty five germplasm accessions of wheat collected from North-Western Himalaya were characterized for qualitative and quantitative traits. The germplasm have shown wide range of variability for all the characters studied. Maximum accessions were found to possess spreading type of growth, late maturity, white ear, awned, amber, semi-hard oblong bold grain, grain size (38–50 g) and medium brush hair length. Results for quantitative traits also reveal a wide range for ear length (6.0–13.8 cm) and thousand grain weight (25–66 g). Seven genotypes were found to possess seedling resistance against 21R55 pathotype of leafrust whereas only two genotypes have shown resistant reaction against 121 R63-1 pathotypes of leaf rust. The data on yield contributing traits reveals the potential of some of the germplasm accessions viz., WLG43, WLG44 and WLG 171 for their utilization in wheat improvement programme.
Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 1972
Under the All-India Coordinated Cotton Research Project, 1137 world collections of Gossypium hirs... more Under the All-India Coordinated Cotton Research Project, 1137 world collections of Gossypium hirsutum were evaluated for variability during the years 1967–68 at the Research Farm, Punjab Agriculural University, Hissar.
Health benefits associated with high amylose starch have drawn scientific interest to elevate amy... more Health benefits associated with high amylose starch have drawn scientific interest to elevate amylose content in wheat. Despite of several attempts, the elucidation of genetic factors behind high amylose biosynthesis remains unclear. We identified variation for amylose content in a bi-parental population (F 2:3 ), developed by crossing of high amylose donor ‘TAC 75’ and high yielding variety ‘WH 1105’ and report the first QTL map by Genotyping-by-sequencing. A stable QTL qhams7A.1 among 12 major effect QTLs was identified. Gene Ontology identified GBSSI , within qhams7A.1. High amylose donor carrying a novel missense mutation g.35767184 T > C in GBSSI led to mutant GBSSI_L539P. Subsequent analysis of mutant allele in a backcross population suggests the contribution of mutant allele to phenotype. The identified QTLs and GBSSI allele provide a useful resource for marker development and pre-breeding material for the trait.
A new bread wheat variety HI 1633 (Pusa Vani) has been released and notified by the Central Sub-C... more A new bread wheat variety HI 1633 (Pusa Vani) has been released and notified by the Central Sub-Committee on Crop Standards, Notification and Release of Varieties for Agricultural Crops, Government of India for commercial cultivation under irrigated and late sown conditions of Peninsular Zone of India. HI 1633 has average yield of 41.7 q ha-1 and showed superiority over checks. The potential yield of HI 1633 is 65.8 q ha-1 and found resistant to black and brown rusts. HI 1633 found to have excellent chapati quality (7.63), biscuit quality (7.08), high grainhardness (>80.0), test weight (80.3 kg hl-1) and sedimentation value (45.0 ml). It has high protein content (12.4 %) and presence of 5+10 subunit of Glu-D1 reflecting higher gluten strength. It has good amount of micronutrients viz., iron (41.6 ppm) and zinc (41.1 ppm) content making it rich in nutritional qualities. This variety has been recommended for irrigated late sown conditions and would contribute to increasing wheat production and alleviate the socio-economic status of farmers of Peninsular zone in India.
This study was designed to identify the drought tolerant and susceptible genotypes among 160 whea... more This study was designed to identify the drought tolerant and susceptible genotypes among 160 wheat genotypes. Analysis of variance under drought condition showed mean square due to genotypes had highly significant differences for all the quantitative traits in both years and pooled data, except flag leaf width, flag leaf area those were significant only and under control condition. Mean square due to genotypes had highly significant differences for all the traits in both the years and pooled data, except plant height in the pooled data that was significant only. On the basis of grain yield per plant under both the conditions twenty one tolerant genotypes namely;
research strategies galvanized to control the wheat killer genus Puccinia. It will also highlight... more research strategies galvanized to control the wheat killer genus Puccinia. It will also highlight the outcome and research impact of cost-effective NGS technologies and cloning of rust resistance genes amid the public availability of common and tetraploid wheat reference genomes.
Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 2019
In this paper, we have reported undoped and Co doped CuS nanorods by using co-precipitation metho... more In this paper, we have reported undoped and Co doped CuS nanorods by using co-precipitation method. Dehydrated Copper Chloride and Thiourea were used as main precursors and NaOH as a complexing agent in this synthesis process. The reaction takes place at room temperature. The powder samples were obtained under 100 °C using an oven for 3 h and analyzed by using various techniques like X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and UV-Vis spectroscopy. X-ray diffraction spectra exhibit the poly crystalline behavior with hexagonal phase. FESEM micrographs exhibit the randomly oriented few micrometer long CuS nanorods in vertical directions with diameter 10-15 nm. With the addition of cobalt, the nanorod converts into nanosheets with average length 2 µm and diameter 80 nm. Optical studies show the optical band gap of about 1.09-1.19 nm which is good for optoelectronic devices.
Studies on genetic control of grain yield are of great importance for devising effective breeding... more Studies on genetic control of grain yield are of great importance for devising effective breeding programmes for yield gain in barley. Hence, inheritance of grain yield, heterosis and combining ability were investigated in barley population obtained from half-diallel crossing among 7 parental lines. The analysis of variance revealed that mean squares due to genotypes were highly significant for grain yield indicating wide diversity among the parental materials used in the study. Mean squares of general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA), the ratio of GCA to SCA mean squares and portion of additive and dominance variances showed, importance of both additive and non-additive gene effects for grain yield. The non significant ratio of GCA to SCA mean square highlighted that non-additive gene effects were more important than additive effects. Distribution of dominant and recessive alleles in parents were asymmetrical and parents possess majority of recessive alleles. Since average degree of dominance has values greater than 1, which indicated over-dominance type of gene action in the inheritance of the grain yield. The parent BHS400 was considered suitable according to its yield capacities and general combining ability effects. Only 2 crosses viz., BHS400 X RD2660 and BHS400 X RD2552 had significant higher grain yield than that of the check variety (BHS400), high significant SCA values and high significant useful heterosis values. Considering average narrow-sense heritability and over-dominant effects in genetic control of grain yield it is better to postpone selection for this trait until advanced breeding generations.
Thirty-four lines of winter wheat were screened for yellow rust resistance against predominant pa... more Thirty-four lines of winter wheat were screened for yellow rust resistance against predominant pathotypes of northern India. Four of these were found to be resistant against all the four pathotypes. Breeding wheats involving these sources of resistance may diversify the Indian wheats and reduce the impact of new pathotypes.
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