The objective of this paper is to investigate the possibility of lowering pollution and improving... more The objective of this paper is to investigate the possibility of lowering pollution and improving the characteristics of a compression ignition engine for both stand-alone and hybrid-electric powered vehicles. Due to the necessity for lowering the output of nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide emissions concentrations on compression ignition engines, the research focuses on the addition of water injection. A benefit is the active cooling of the combustion to increase the boost pressure is revealed. Ignition timing can be increased to higher values, safety, without exposing the engine to higher thermal load. Specific fuel consumption is also decreased due to the lower value of the existing and final attested by the exhaust gas temperature.
The presented paper focuses on undertaken experimental aspects focused on determining the main pa... more The presented paper focuses on undertaken experimental aspects focused on determining the main parameters of cereal degraded biomass, namely a mixture composed (in mass percent units) by 40 % degraded corn, 40 % degraded wheat and 20 % sunflower husks, which was subjected to anaerobic fermentation inside a patent pilot installation for studying the available potential of input materials in order to produce biogas. Also, in order to determine the possibilities offered by agricultural biomass, the study focuses also on comparative approach between the specified batch and other sorts of vegetal biomass: two row barley and a mixture composed by degraded corn grains and corn cobs. Finally conclusions are drawn for better understanding the influence of the anaerobe fermentation on this type of materials, influence which is better visible by presenting main of the material characteristics (carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen content by mass and calorific value) before and after the process.
Original scientific paper Aerosol particle thickness measurements were performed at the "Politehn... more Original scientific paper Aerosol particle thickness measurements were performed at the "Politehnika" University in Timisoara (Romania) during March 2011 using a CIMEL SUN solar photometer, as part of the global AERONET network. The aerosol optical thickness (AOT) represents a parameter of optical visibility in an atmospheric air column from the instrument towards the sun, affected by the presence of aerosol particles (e.g. smoke particles, desert sand). Precision analyses were performed to determine the types of aerosols present. Results were recorded during June 2011. The aerosol optical thickness (AOT) was increased on the 9 th of June because of sands that drifted on air currents from Northern Africa to the western part of Romania. Analiza optičke debljine aerosola u Temišvaru u okviru globalne mreže AERONET Izvornoznanstveni članak Mjerenja gustoće aerosolnih čestica provedena su na Sveučilištu Politehnika u Temišvaru (Rumunjska) u ožujku 2011. s CIMEL SUN sunčanim fotometrom u okviru globalne mreže AERONET. Aerosolna optička debljina (AOT) predstavlja parametar optičke prozirnosti zračnog stupca atmosfere od instrumenta prema suncu uvjetovan prisustvom aerosolnih čestica (npr. dimnih čestica, pustinjskog pijeska). Izvršene su precizne analize kojima se mogu odrediti tipovi aerosola. Rezultati su zabilježeni tijekom lipnja 2011. godine. Aerosolna optička debljina (AOT) je 9. lipnja bila povećana zbog pijeska koji je zračnom strujom nanesen iz sjeverne Afrike u zapadni dio Rumunjske.
Journal of the American Romanian Academy of Arts and Sciences, 2017
Citation: Domingues N. Are we reaching the end of the petrol consumption? Will fossil fuels survi... more Citation: Domingues N. Are we reaching the end of the petrol consumption? Will fossil fuels survive in an era of energy savings and environmental protection?. Int
Improving conditions and quality of life depends, among others, on the environment. People spend ... more Improving conditions and quality of life depends, among others, on the environment. People spend most of their time in a day inside buildings to work, sleep, eat, rest, and do sports and other activities. The article refers to a case study based on research on indoor environment within a furniture factory; the research is achieved via instruments for collecting diverse indoor parameters, such as temperature, CO2, PM (particulate matter) concentrations, noise, and humidity levels. All data recorded are needed to evaluate the conditions of the indoor climate in which the workers are activating. The measuring methods are shortly introduced and the IAQ (indoor air quality) index is expressed. The personnel activating in this factory is working intensely, standing up, and having to wear a mask considering the Covid-19 context. Thus, it is important to depict each aspect that might trigger a concern if IAQ limits are over passed, not mentioning the synergetic context of the diverse effect...
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2022
This research studies the possibility of the reduction of the emission values emitted by a diesel... more This research studies the possibility of the reduction of the emission values emitted by a diesel engine, by adding hydrogen to the fuel mixture. Due to the higher pollution restrictions implemented globally on the internal combustion engines, for new but also older vehicles, suitable solutions must be found, even for diesel engines, towards major incriminations concerning pollution are attested. The water electrolytic conversion for hydrogen production is achieved by using a special device, in symbioses with the internal combustion engine. The hydrogen quantity, as resulted from the process and fuelled into the engine, represents 10% of the total volume of the intake capacity. Being directly correlated to the stoichiometric ratio, the intake of hydrogen is finally controlled; therefore the total calorific power of the fuel mixture is increasing. The calorific value of Diesel is 44.8 MJ/kg, while that of hydrogen is 141.8 MJ/kg. Since the addition of hydrogen represents 10% of the t...
The objective of this research is to analyze metal elements, such as Na (sodium), Mg (magnesium),... more The objective of this research is to analyze metal elements, such as Na (sodium), Mg (magnesium), Al (aluminum), Si (silicon), Pb (lead), K (potassium), Ca (calcium), and Fe (iron), found in dust particles within two distinct areas from which the samplings were taken. The first sampling was taken from the road verge of a highly trafficked road section, while the second sampling was taken from a residential garden area 90 m away from the road. Several metal elements were detected with a high difference in Si, which presented higher concentrations in the dust samples from the road verge area. Pb has only been detected in the samples taken from the road verge, which could be explained by residual remnants from old lead gasoline and wheel weights. Additionally, during the same investigation, airborne particulate matter (PM) concentrations were measured in comparison between the road verge and the garden area; this presented a substantial difference in the concentration levels, suggestin...
Municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI), following a long history, remains today the main suita... more Municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI), following a long history, remains today the main suitable solution for waste management. Environmental issue is becoming more and more severe all over the world and result in a strong demand for environmentally friendly waste incineration plants. A large effort directed towards this goal has been devoted in the last few decades. As a result of the incineration process we need to handle the resulted residues as raw and fly ash, and flue gas treatment by-products. Most part of this kind of residues ends in landfilling disposal. One of the major problems arise from landfilling is the contamination of the ground waters with harmful substances that can be transmitted by leaching. To solve this problem there were developed alternative options for the management of fly ash, such as sintering, vitrification or stabilization/solidification. Landfill solid residues disposal of fired coal power plants have to deal with the same risks regarding the lea...
REZUMAT. Scopul acestei lucrări este de a identifica principale zonele geografice responsabile pe... more REZUMAT. Scopul acestei lucrări este de a identifica principale zonele geografice responsabile pentru creşterea nivelului de PM10 în două oraşe (Bucureşti, Europa de Est şi Szeget Europa Centrală şi de Est). Traiectoriile înapoi (modelul HYSPLIT) sunt cluster folosind metrica Mahalanobis, în scopul de a determina care regiuni au concentraţii ridicate de PM10. În această lucrare au fost analizate valorile mediei zilnice de PM10, precum şi datele zilnice meteorologice luate din ambele oraşe pe o perioada de cinci ani (2004-2008).
The Banat region, situated at the geographic crossroads between Eastern and Western Europe, with ... more The Banat region, situated at the geographic crossroads between Eastern and Western Europe, with a special history and a destiny often broken by the vicissitudes of time, is known for many primordialities, all certified without denial. One of them is the first railway track on the present territory of Romania. The present paper, without pretending to be very documented, is an attempt to call to mind certain achievements of the Banat inhabitants related to their creativity, wish of development and entrepreneurial spirit. It briefly presents the railway Oraviţa-Baziaş, inaugurated by 1854 (to carry cargo) and, later, used also to carry passengers, celebrates its 160 th anniversary this year. The paper also points out the sad fate of other initial routes of Romanian railways, in retrospect and prospect.
The research is focusing on analyzing the concentrations of particulate matter (PM) next to a hig... more The research is focusing on analyzing the concentrations of particulate matter (PM) next to a highly congested road section, with 39,900 as a maximum number of vehicles per 24 h, in the vicinity of Timisoara, Romania. Concentrations have been measured in multiple episodes using two different measurement methods, gravimetric and dynamic light scattering, showing a disperse range of PM concentrations. Presence of metal particles in the samples have been analyzed using an electron microscope. Additionally, impact on human health is described by evaluating results for inhalable, thoracic, and alveolar sized particles.
Machine and Industrial Design in Mechanical Engineering, 2022
Road accident reconstruction is a very complex task, which is more and more based on computer sim... more Road accident reconstruction is a very complex task, which is more and more based on computer simulation of the vehicles’ motion (kinematic and kinetic approach) and of the collision between vehicles, pedestrians and/or different other objects. The research presented in the paper is focused on the validation of a ve-hicle collision simulation programme, namely Virtual Crash ver. 4.0, based on a real test collision. The test collision refers to test nr. 358 achieved by DSD GmbH in Austria, in 2018, and consisted of an experiment during which a passenger car hits, at high speed, a stationary truck. The paper fo-cuses on the comparison between the crash results and the results obtained from a numerical simulation, by using the Virtual Crash software. The conclusion of the validation is that the positioning errors (the linear and angular) are well under the acceptable values for road accident recon-struction. First of all, it is important to emphasize, that the determined value of the impact speed in the simulation (90,123 km/h) was practically the same as the real speed (90,6 km/h), which is a remarkably good simulated value (the relative error is only -0.53%) and it could be related to the measurement errors of the speed. In a case of the reconstruction of a real accident, the er-rors could be much higher, because of the errors of the investigation on site and the lack of precise data related to many parameters which influence the reconstruction. The research is part of the MSc thesis of the main author.
This paper has as main objective to establish the influence of individual heating systems and cen... more This paper has as main objective to establish the influence of individual heating systems and centralized heating system on air quality in the urban area Timisoara. To have a view on the main factors of NOx pollution in the downtown Timisoara, authors made a simulation of the dispersion of nitrogen oxides released from power plants CET South and CET Center asing the program ISC3. View, this represents the state of art in this field. This is the first study conducted in this regard after the refurbishment of two power plants from Timisoara. To compare the two sources of heating, district heating and individual heating authors must determine the concentration of NOx produced by the two sources per Kwh. To study the impact of these pollution sources on the level of NOx authors have to take into account where the flue gas emission is located.
The present study focuses on suitable materials for co-fermentation used in the biogas production... more The present study focuses on suitable materials for co-fermentation used in the biogas production, characterized by increased characteristics in terms of quality and produced quantity in comparison to the situation of not using them. One will present a serial of comparative tests, at laboratory scale, with different material combinations of waste co-fermentation substances, having as basic material residual water from the Timisoara beer factory, 10 % by mass cow whey and 10 % by mass beet molasses. The results indicate the process characteristics and the capitalization potential of the proposed recipes for biogas production. Conclusions are traced with accent on general characteristics for the chosen materials and influence parameters, over the anaerobic fermentation period.
The objective of this paper is to investigate the possibility of lowering pollution and improving... more The objective of this paper is to investigate the possibility of lowering pollution and improving the characteristics of a compression ignition engine for both stand-alone and hybrid-electric powered vehicles. Due to the necessity for lowering the output of nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide emissions concentrations on compression ignition engines, the research focuses on the addition of water injection. A benefit is the active cooling of the combustion to increase the boost pressure is revealed. Ignition timing can be increased to higher values, safety, without exposing the engine to higher thermal load. Specific fuel consumption is also decreased due to the lower value of the existing and final attested by the exhaust gas temperature.
The presented paper focuses on undertaken experimental aspects focused on determining the main pa... more The presented paper focuses on undertaken experimental aspects focused on determining the main parameters of cereal degraded biomass, namely a mixture composed (in mass percent units) by 40 % degraded corn, 40 % degraded wheat and 20 % sunflower husks, which was subjected to anaerobic fermentation inside a patent pilot installation for studying the available potential of input materials in order to produce biogas. Also, in order to determine the possibilities offered by agricultural biomass, the study focuses also on comparative approach between the specified batch and other sorts of vegetal biomass: two row barley and a mixture composed by degraded corn grains and corn cobs. Finally conclusions are drawn for better understanding the influence of the anaerobe fermentation on this type of materials, influence which is better visible by presenting main of the material characteristics (carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen content by mass and calorific value) before and after the process.
Original scientific paper Aerosol particle thickness measurements were performed at the "Politehn... more Original scientific paper Aerosol particle thickness measurements were performed at the "Politehnika" University in Timisoara (Romania) during March 2011 using a CIMEL SUN solar photometer, as part of the global AERONET network. The aerosol optical thickness (AOT) represents a parameter of optical visibility in an atmospheric air column from the instrument towards the sun, affected by the presence of aerosol particles (e.g. smoke particles, desert sand). Precision analyses were performed to determine the types of aerosols present. Results were recorded during June 2011. The aerosol optical thickness (AOT) was increased on the 9 th of June because of sands that drifted on air currents from Northern Africa to the western part of Romania. Analiza optičke debljine aerosola u Temišvaru u okviru globalne mreže AERONET Izvornoznanstveni članak Mjerenja gustoće aerosolnih čestica provedena su na Sveučilištu Politehnika u Temišvaru (Rumunjska) u ožujku 2011. s CIMEL SUN sunčanim fotometrom u okviru globalne mreže AERONET. Aerosolna optička debljina (AOT) predstavlja parametar optičke prozirnosti zračnog stupca atmosfere od instrumenta prema suncu uvjetovan prisustvom aerosolnih čestica (npr. dimnih čestica, pustinjskog pijeska). Izvršene su precizne analize kojima se mogu odrediti tipovi aerosola. Rezultati su zabilježeni tijekom lipnja 2011. godine. Aerosolna optička debljina (AOT) je 9. lipnja bila povećana zbog pijeska koji je zračnom strujom nanesen iz sjeverne Afrike u zapadni dio Rumunjske.
Journal of the American Romanian Academy of Arts and Sciences, 2017
Citation: Domingues N. Are we reaching the end of the petrol consumption? Will fossil fuels survi... more Citation: Domingues N. Are we reaching the end of the petrol consumption? Will fossil fuels survive in an era of energy savings and environmental protection?. Int
Improving conditions and quality of life depends, among others, on the environment. People spend ... more Improving conditions and quality of life depends, among others, on the environment. People spend most of their time in a day inside buildings to work, sleep, eat, rest, and do sports and other activities. The article refers to a case study based on research on indoor environment within a furniture factory; the research is achieved via instruments for collecting diverse indoor parameters, such as temperature, CO2, PM (particulate matter) concentrations, noise, and humidity levels. All data recorded are needed to evaluate the conditions of the indoor climate in which the workers are activating. The measuring methods are shortly introduced and the IAQ (indoor air quality) index is expressed. The personnel activating in this factory is working intensely, standing up, and having to wear a mask considering the Covid-19 context. Thus, it is important to depict each aspect that might trigger a concern if IAQ limits are over passed, not mentioning the synergetic context of the diverse effect...
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2022
This research studies the possibility of the reduction of the emission values emitted by a diesel... more This research studies the possibility of the reduction of the emission values emitted by a diesel engine, by adding hydrogen to the fuel mixture. Due to the higher pollution restrictions implemented globally on the internal combustion engines, for new but also older vehicles, suitable solutions must be found, even for diesel engines, towards major incriminations concerning pollution are attested. The water electrolytic conversion for hydrogen production is achieved by using a special device, in symbioses with the internal combustion engine. The hydrogen quantity, as resulted from the process and fuelled into the engine, represents 10% of the total volume of the intake capacity. Being directly correlated to the stoichiometric ratio, the intake of hydrogen is finally controlled; therefore the total calorific power of the fuel mixture is increasing. The calorific value of Diesel is 44.8 MJ/kg, while that of hydrogen is 141.8 MJ/kg. Since the addition of hydrogen represents 10% of the t...
The objective of this research is to analyze metal elements, such as Na (sodium), Mg (magnesium),... more The objective of this research is to analyze metal elements, such as Na (sodium), Mg (magnesium), Al (aluminum), Si (silicon), Pb (lead), K (potassium), Ca (calcium), and Fe (iron), found in dust particles within two distinct areas from which the samplings were taken. The first sampling was taken from the road verge of a highly trafficked road section, while the second sampling was taken from a residential garden area 90 m away from the road. Several metal elements were detected with a high difference in Si, which presented higher concentrations in the dust samples from the road verge area. Pb has only been detected in the samples taken from the road verge, which could be explained by residual remnants from old lead gasoline and wheel weights. Additionally, during the same investigation, airborne particulate matter (PM) concentrations were measured in comparison between the road verge and the garden area; this presented a substantial difference in the concentration levels, suggestin...
Municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI), following a long history, remains today the main suita... more Municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI), following a long history, remains today the main suitable solution for waste management. Environmental issue is becoming more and more severe all over the world and result in a strong demand for environmentally friendly waste incineration plants. A large effort directed towards this goal has been devoted in the last few decades. As a result of the incineration process we need to handle the resulted residues as raw and fly ash, and flue gas treatment by-products. Most part of this kind of residues ends in landfilling disposal. One of the major problems arise from landfilling is the contamination of the ground waters with harmful substances that can be transmitted by leaching. To solve this problem there were developed alternative options for the management of fly ash, such as sintering, vitrification or stabilization/solidification. Landfill solid residues disposal of fired coal power plants have to deal with the same risks regarding the lea...
REZUMAT. Scopul acestei lucrări este de a identifica principale zonele geografice responsabile pe... more REZUMAT. Scopul acestei lucrări este de a identifica principale zonele geografice responsabile pentru creşterea nivelului de PM10 în două oraşe (Bucureşti, Europa de Est şi Szeget Europa Centrală şi de Est). Traiectoriile înapoi (modelul HYSPLIT) sunt cluster folosind metrica Mahalanobis, în scopul de a determina care regiuni au concentraţii ridicate de PM10. În această lucrare au fost analizate valorile mediei zilnice de PM10, precum şi datele zilnice meteorologice luate din ambele oraşe pe o perioada de cinci ani (2004-2008).
The Banat region, situated at the geographic crossroads between Eastern and Western Europe, with ... more The Banat region, situated at the geographic crossroads between Eastern and Western Europe, with a special history and a destiny often broken by the vicissitudes of time, is known for many primordialities, all certified without denial. One of them is the first railway track on the present territory of Romania. The present paper, without pretending to be very documented, is an attempt to call to mind certain achievements of the Banat inhabitants related to their creativity, wish of development and entrepreneurial spirit. It briefly presents the railway Oraviţa-Baziaş, inaugurated by 1854 (to carry cargo) and, later, used also to carry passengers, celebrates its 160 th anniversary this year. The paper also points out the sad fate of other initial routes of Romanian railways, in retrospect and prospect.
The research is focusing on analyzing the concentrations of particulate matter (PM) next to a hig... more The research is focusing on analyzing the concentrations of particulate matter (PM) next to a highly congested road section, with 39,900 as a maximum number of vehicles per 24 h, in the vicinity of Timisoara, Romania. Concentrations have been measured in multiple episodes using two different measurement methods, gravimetric and dynamic light scattering, showing a disperse range of PM concentrations. Presence of metal particles in the samples have been analyzed using an electron microscope. Additionally, impact on human health is described by evaluating results for inhalable, thoracic, and alveolar sized particles.
Machine and Industrial Design in Mechanical Engineering, 2022
Road accident reconstruction is a very complex task, which is more and more based on computer sim... more Road accident reconstruction is a very complex task, which is more and more based on computer simulation of the vehicles’ motion (kinematic and kinetic approach) and of the collision between vehicles, pedestrians and/or different other objects. The research presented in the paper is focused on the validation of a ve-hicle collision simulation programme, namely Virtual Crash ver. 4.0, based on a real test collision. The test collision refers to test nr. 358 achieved by DSD GmbH in Austria, in 2018, and consisted of an experiment during which a passenger car hits, at high speed, a stationary truck. The paper fo-cuses on the comparison between the crash results and the results obtained from a numerical simulation, by using the Virtual Crash software. The conclusion of the validation is that the positioning errors (the linear and angular) are well under the acceptable values for road accident recon-struction. First of all, it is important to emphasize, that the determined value of the impact speed in the simulation (90,123 km/h) was practically the same as the real speed (90,6 km/h), which is a remarkably good simulated value (the relative error is only -0.53%) and it could be related to the measurement errors of the speed. In a case of the reconstruction of a real accident, the er-rors could be much higher, because of the errors of the investigation on site and the lack of precise data related to many parameters which influence the reconstruction. The research is part of the MSc thesis of the main author.
This paper has as main objective to establish the influence of individual heating systems and cen... more This paper has as main objective to establish the influence of individual heating systems and centralized heating system on air quality in the urban area Timisoara. To have a view on the main factors of NOx pollution in the downtown Timisoara, authors made a simulation of the dispersion of nitrogen oxides released from power plants CET South and CET Center asing the program ISC3. View, this represents the state of art in this field. This is the first study conducted in this regard after the refurbishment of two power plants from Timisoara. To compare the two sources of heating, district heating and individual heating authors must determine the concentration of NOx produced by the two sources per Kwh. To study the impact of these pollution sources on the level of NOx authors have to take into account where the flue gas emission is located.
The present study focuses on suitable materials for co-fermentation used in the biogas production... more The present study focuses on suitable materials for co-fermentation used in the biogas production, characterized by increased characteristics in terms of quality and produced quantity in comparison to the situation of not using them. One will present a serial of comparative tests, at laboratory scale, with different material combinations of waste co-fermentation substances, having as basic material residual water from the Timisoara beer factory, 10 % by mass cow whey and 10 % by mass beet molasses. The results indicate the process characteristics and the capitalization potential of the proposed recipes for biogas production. Conclusions are traced with accent on general characteristics for the chosen materials and influence parameters, over the anaerobic fermentation period.
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