Lima - Perú

This paper provides a case study of a threatened seahorse species, Hippocampus reidi, highlighting the importance of using ecological information to assist conservation and management initiatives. Underwater visual sighting data (50 x 2m transect) gathered along the NE, SE and S portions of the Brazilian coast revealed an unequal distribution across localities, perhaps related to harvesting pressure, and a mean density of 0.026 ind.m -2 . Our findings suggest some restricted spatial use by H. reidi, which was consistent with its estimated home range, and with re-sighting of specimens. Reproduction was recorded year-round, however productive peaks may exist. Components of habitat structure mostly used as anchoring points were mangrove plants, macroalgae, cnidarians, seagrass, sponges, and bryozoans. Conservation recommendations include: further characterization and mapping of habitats; assessment of availability and condition of microhabitats in selected areas, and studies on dispersal routes during initial life stages.

This paper presents the results of the first analysis of the natural diet of Hippocampus reidi, one of the most sought after seahorse species in the international aquarium trade. Its main goals were to investigate food items and prey categories consumed by the species, and to discuss feeding strategy and inter and intra-individual components of niche breadth. Data were gathered from October 2005 to September 2006 at the Mamanguape estuary, State of Paraíba, NE Brazil. Food items from seahorses anaesthetized with clove oil were obtained by using a modified version of the flushing method, and were counted and identified to the lowest possible taxonomic level. Specimens were marked and had their height, sex, life and reproductive stage recorded, and then returned to the same place where they were found for the further assessment of anaesthetization/gut flushing on seahorses. Food items were analyzed using frequency of occurrence, relative abundance, index of preponderance and prey-specific abundance using the points method. The graphic method of was used to interpret the feeding strategy and contribution to niche breadth. Nematodes and crustaceans were the most important items found, the latter item usually being the most commonly found in the gut contents of syngnathids. No significant differences in diet composition were found between reproductive stages, however, a higher proportion of large items were consumed by the larger seahorses. The feeding strategy and niche breadth analysis suggests that H. reidi has a generalist feeding strategy, with high variation between phenotypes. Our results suggest that the anaesthetization-flushing technique has the potential to be a useful tool in seahorse research.

Los derechos humanos son una pieza clave en el funcionamiento de lo que se le llama actualmente "sociedad", y a lo largo de la historia se ha ido buscando que dichos derechos sean respetados, valorados e implementados para cada persona de cualquier país, ciudad, raza y sexo.

Introducción ………………………………………………….……………. 4 3. Definición de centralismo ………………………….……………………… 5 4. Definición de descentralización ……………………………………………6 5. Diferencias entre centralismo y descentralización ……………………. 6 6. El centralismo como impedimento de desarrollo y progreso……………….9 7. Origen de la centralización en perú en el siglo veinte……………………... 8. Principales consecuencias del centralismo en el Perú………………….....11 9. Las razones del centralismo y el subdesarrollo en el Perú………………… 10. Modernización de la gestión pública como posible solución…………..…..

Aprobación del presupuesto: El presupuesto (ppto) anual de gastos para el 2015 es de S/. 130 621 millones, que corresponde a los 3 niveles de gobierno: el 73% corresponde al gobierno nacional, 15% a los gobiernos regionales y el 12% a gobiernos nacionales. Las fuentes de financiamiento para este ppto son los recursos ordinarios, recursos directamente recaudados, donaciones o transferencias y otros.