Papers by FAROOQ R A S H E E D ANSARI
High-performance polyethylene is an improved polyethylene compound for pressure pipe that is desi... more High-performance polyethylene is an improved polyethylene compound for pressure pipe that is designated PE4710. Compared to conventional pressure piping materials such as PE3408, several important performance characteristics are significantly enhanced. PE3408 does not meet PE4710 requirements. Higher density Higher density increases tensile strength, stiffness and chemical resistance. PE3408 materials (D 3350 cell classification 345464) have base resin densities above 0.940 to 0.947 gm/cc, and with 2% carbon black, density is 0.949 to 0.956 gm/cc. PE4710 materials (D 3350 cell classification 445574) have base resin densities above 0.947 to 0.955 gm/cc, and with 2% carbon black, density is above 0.956 to 0.964 gm/cc. SCG cannot occur before 50 years For PE pressure piping materials, slow crack growth, SCG, is the long term failure mode. SCG is not brittleness. Stress such as internal pressure causes cracks to develop and grow through the pipe wall from stress concentrations. To qualify as PE4710, testing and analysis must show that a transition to SCG (a "knee" or downturn in the stress rupture curve) does not occur before 438,000 hours (50 years)a 4 to 1 increase over conventional HDPEand must show that the estimated strength will be correct at least 90% of the timea 33% reduction in permissible pipe test data variability.
This report was prepared by PPI as a service to the industry. The information in this report is o... more This report was prepared by PPI as a service to the industry. The information in this report is offered in good faith and believed to be accurate at the time of its preparation, but is offered "as is" without any express or implied warranty, including WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Additional information may be needed in some areas, especially with regard to unusual or special applications. Consult the manufacturer or material supplier for more detailed information. PPI does not endorse the proprietary products or processes of any manufacturer, and assumes no responsibility for compliance with applicable laws and regulations.
The test specimen shall consist of a strip 12.70 mm wide by 76.20 mm in length and at least 10 µm... more The test specimen shall consist of a strip 12.70 mm wide by 76.20 mm in length and at least 10 µm in thickness. The width of the specimen should not deviate by more than 2% over the length of the specimen between the grips. The thickness of the films shall not vary by more than 10% over the entire film. A minimum of ten specimens are required. 4.0 Apparatus or Material 4.1 Thickness Measurement Device Mitutoyo 519-605 Mini-Checker with a 519-891 probe with vacuum assist connected to a MUX-10 multiplexer or equivalent thickness measurement device accurate and precise to 0.1 µm. 4.2 Width Measurement Device Micrometer or equivalent width measurement device capable of measuring to 0.25 mm. Revision Originating Task Group Deposited Dielectric Task Group (C-13a) Material in this Test Methods Manual was voluntarily established by Technical Committees of the IPC. This material is advisory only and its use or adaptation is entirely voluntary. IPC disclaims all liability of any kind as to the use, application, or adaptation of this material. Users are also wholly responsible for protecting themselves against all claims or liabilities for patent infringement. Equipment referenced is for the convenience of the user and does not imply endorsement by the IPC.
In the case of any deviation or circumstance not covered by a specific policy, a disposition will... more In the case of any deviation or circumstance not covered by a specific policy, a disposition will have to be made by the HSB (Hydrostatic Stress Board) in consultation with the manufacturer. The Plastics Pipe Institute (PPI) as a service to the industry has prepared this report. Reasonable efforts are made by PPI, its members and staff to ensure that the required methods, policies, standards and procedures have been followed and that the presented test data are reliable. PPI expressly disclaims any warranty, expressed or implied, regarding the HDB, SDB, PDB or MRS values derived from submitted information, INCLUDING ANY WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Each product manufacturer that lists compositions with the Hydrostatic Stress Board does so voluntarily and with the express agreement that PPI assumes no liability in regard to the lists, and that it will hold PPI harmless from any claims or liability in connection with its listed pipe compositions. PPI does not endorse the proprietary products or processes of any manufacturer, and assumes no responsibility for compliance with applicable laws and regulations. PPI offers various technical reports, technical notes and statements to assist engineers, code officials, specifiers, installers and users in proper selection and application of plastics piping. Copies of this report, as well as other publications, are available for download from PPI on the website www.plasticpipe.org.
TASNEE 100 Black is a High Density Polyethylene, black colored resin. The product is classified a... more TASNEE 100 Black is a High Density Polyethylene, black colored resin. The product is classified as PE 100 and provides excellent environmental stress crack resistance properties (ESCR) combined with very good long term hydrostatic strength. It has very high impact and stiffness properties.
Special Notes API publications necessarily address problems of a general nature. With respect to ... more Special Notes API publications necessarily address problems of a general nature. With respect to particular circumstances, local, state, and federal laws and regulations should be reviewed. Neither API nor any of API's employees, subcontractors, consultants, committees, or other assignees make any warranty or representation, either express or implied, with respect to the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of the information contained herein, or assume any liability or responsibility for any use, or the results of such use, of any information or process disclosed in this publication. Neither API nor any of API's employees, subcontractors, consultants, or other assignees represent that use of this publication would not infringe upon privately owned rights. API publications may be used by anyone desiring to do so. Every effort has been made by the Institute to assure the accuracy and reliability of the data contained in them; however, the Institute makes no representation, warranty, or guarantee in connection with this publication and hereby expressly disclaims any liability or responsibility for loss or damage resulting from its use or for the violation of any authorities having jurisdiction with which this publication may conflict. API publications are published to facilitate the broad availability of proven, sound engineering and operating practices. These publications are not intended to obviate the need for applying sound engineering judgment regarding when and where these publications should be utilized. The formulation and publication of API publications is not intended in any way to inhibit anyone from using any other practices. Any manufacturer marking equipment or materials in conformance with the marking requirements of an API standard is solely responsible for complying with all the applicable requirements of that standard. API does not represent, warrant, or guarantee that such products do in fact conform to the applicable API standard.
Bimodal HDPE resins exhibit superior performance characteristics relative to traditional unimodal... more Bimodal HDPE resins exhibit superior performance characteristics relative to traditional unimodal resins for polyethylene pressure pipe applications and have been the resin of choice for PE-100 pipe markets. These PE-100 resins provide an improved balance of stiffness, slow crack growth resistance, and resistance to rapid crack propagation. These raw material improvements have allowed production of pipe with higher operating pressures, higher margin of safety, and thinner pipes leading to raw material savings. Until recently, these materials have been produced via staged-reactor processes, either dual slurry, dual gas-phase, or dual-slurry-gas-phase systems. In recent years, a proprietary Bimodal Catalyst system for producing bimodal HDPE resins in a single gas-phase Reactor has been developed. This unique catalyst system produces a HDPE polymer with bimodal molecular weight distribution and a favorable comonomer distribution. Single reactor/Bimodal catalyst produced resin exhibits an excellent balance of hydrostatic strength, slow crack growth resistance, resistance to rapid crack propagation, and processability.
P6006 is black compound high density (class MRS 10-PE 100) Polyethylene with bimodal distribution... more P6006 is black compound high density (class MRS 10-PE 100) Polyethylene with bimodal distribution of molecular mass. It is specifically designed for pressure Pipe applications. It provides excellent stress crack resistance properties (ESCR) combined with very good long term hydrostatic strength. TYPICAL APPLICATIONS P6006 Pressure pipes for drinking water, irrigation, gas distribution and waste water pipes. It is also recommended for manufacture of chemical liners and containers.
The Milan-based consultancy Althesys has conducted a total cost of ownership analysis comparing P... more The Milan-based consultancy Althesys has conducted a total cost of ownership analysis comparing PVC-U to other non-plastic materials for water and sewer lines. The analysis considered the costs to purchase pipes, install, operate and maintain and dismantle the pipeline.
Pipes are key elements in the development of water and sewer networks. Due to fierce competition ... more Pipes are key elements in the development of water and sewer networks. Due to fierce competition between pipe materials, price/ performance ratios are under pressure to reach increasingly optimised levels. Up to date cost calculations are critical to help the owners of water and sewer networks to make informed decisions on material selection. A first study by Althesys, including Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) calculations, was commissioned by the European Council of Vinyl Manufacturers in 2010 1. It demonstrated the significant cost savings that network owners could make over the entire lifespan of water/sewer network by choosing unplasticised PVC (PVC-U) pipes instead of the main functional alternatives. The cost advantages of using PVC-U pipes was illustrated using two European countries whose water infrastructures are developed to very different levels: Italy and Germany. The European water industry has been investing in its networks for many years, but the need for expansion and renovation is still very prevalent. An update to the study was completed by Althesys in 2018, taking into account new developments in regulatory policies, technologies and market trends.
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Papers by FAROOQ R A S H E E D ANSARI