Papers by Morgane Derrien
Rationale. Although the scientific community has widely investigated organic matter bio- degradat... more Rationale. Although the scientific community has widely investigated organic matter bio- degradation processes, only a limited number of studies have explored the molecular changes of this material, whereas its structure, composition and origin play a key role in these processes. Methodology. We decided to examine the effects of biodegradation on the chemical composition of sedimentary organic matter and to explore the underlying mechanisms. We conceived a laboratory-based degradation experiment utilising organic-rich sediments artificially composed of two contrasting organic matter end-members (i.e. soil and algae) under two oxygen conditions. The sediment samples before and after incubation were then analysed by laser desorption ionisation–Fourier-transform–ion cyclotron resonance–mass spectrometry for molecular characterisation and by thermally assisted hydrolysis and methylation gas chromatography–mass spectrometry in order to offer insights into the mechanisms driving the biodegradation pro- cesses. Results. Our results from molecular characterisation unveiled distinct pathways of biodegradation contingent upon the source material. Moreover, they hinted at a predilection for altering high molecular weight compounds like lignin & carboxylic-rich alicyclic molecules (CRAM) and condensed aromatic structures (CAS), manifesting as a conversion into lower molecular weight counterparts. Furthermore, the complementary findings from biomarker analyses underscored the influence of environmental factors – specifically oxygen conditions and microbial communities – on organic matter decomposition. Discussion. Although this study is a controlled laboratory experiment and more studies are needed, it demonstrates the intricate interplay among chemical, biological and environmental factors that profoundly shape the reactivity of organic matter. This study underscores the critical need for persistent inquiry, aimed at unravelling the factors and conditions governing the diverse pathways of biodegradation.
Water Research, 2020
Do early diagenetic processes affect the applicability of commonly-used organic matter source tra... more Do early diagenetic processes affect the applicability of commonly-used organic matter source tracking tools? An assessment through controlled degradation end-member mixing experiments
Geofluids, 2018
Coastal zones are vital for their ecosystem services and socioeconomic value. Accordingly, severa... more Coastal zones are vital for their ecosystem services and socioeconomic value. Accordingly, several zones have been protected to limit anthropogenic development and to avoid environmental degradation. Nevertheless, some of these protected areas keep deteriorating probably related with anthropogenic contributions not considered in legislation. Specifically, submerged groundwater discharges (springs) could be releasing anthropogenic materials carried from remote inland areas to the coast. Here we evaluate the role and temporal variation of submerged groundwater discharges as sources of anthropogenic materials using the 5β-stanol C27 markers in the natural protected area of Dzilam de Bravo, Yucatán, Mexico. Results demonstrate that (1) submerged groundwater discharge flux velocity and direction vary between hydrological season, exhibiting higher flow rates in Nortes season contrary to dry season and (2) the presence of coprostanol and epicoprostanol (anthropogenic fecal matter markers) ...
Chemosphere, 2020
Despite the growing attention to the effects of hydrological precipitation on organic carbon expo... more Despite the growing attention to the effects of hydrological precipitation on organic carbon export along the continuum land-river-ocean, limited effort has been made to understand the export and the reactivity of particulate organic carbon (POC) compared to those of dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Yet, further understanding of the controlling mechanisms on the export of particulate organic matter (POM) from terrestrial systems is fundamental. In this study, we assessed the temporal changes of the source contributions to riverine POM in two adjacent rivers of the same watershed during two summer storm events, which included the early and the late events, using end-member mixing analysis (EMMA) based on spectroscopic proxies. The EMMA showed relatively high contributions of terrestrial materials to the riverine POM for both rivers during the early summer storm event. However, this trend did not persist until the late summer storm event, which presented the decreased contributions of the terrestrial sources and less dynamic changes in the source distributions compared to those observed in the early summer rain event. These results demonstrate the combined impacts of the land use/surrounding area, the hydrology, and the intra-seasonal variations on the dominant riverine POM sources. This study provides an interesting insight into the importance of the intense hydrological events on the export of the terrestrial OM and further on the potential modification of the existing carbon mass balance along the continuum land-river-ocean.
Water Research, 2019
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) in river water dynamically changes with respect to its major sourc... more Dissolved organic matter (DOM) in river water dynamically changes with respect to its major sources during heavy rain events. However, there has been no established tool to estimate the relative contributions of different organic sources to river water DOM. In this study, the evolution in the contributions of ten different organic matter (OM) sources to storm water DOM was explored with a selected urban river, the Geumho River in South Korea, during storm events via an end-member mixing analysis (EMMA) based on fluorescence indices and Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS). The OM source materials included treated effluent, road runoff, groundwater, topsoil, deep soil, leaves, reeds, riparian plants, attached algae, and suspended algae. The EMMA results provided quantitative estimates of the variations in the dominant OM sources with the progress of storms. Treated effluent was the prevailing source at the beginning period of the storm, while topsoil, leaves, riparian plants, and groundwater predominated during and after the peak period. The fluorescence indices-based evaluation was consistent with the statistical comparison of the molecular formulas derived from FT-ICR-MS conducted on the ten potential OM sources and the storm samples. The observed variations in the OM sources agreed with the typical characteristics of urban rivers in connection with anthropogenic inputs and the impact of surrounding impervious surfaces. This study demonstrates the application of intuitive and facile tools in estimating the relative impacts of OM sources in urban watersheds.
Science of The Total Environment, 2019
Degradation-induced changes were examined for sediment pore water DOM. • DOC is the most affected... more Degradation-induced changes were examined for sediment pore water DOM. • DOC is the most affected parameter of sediment pore water by biodegradation. • Mixing ratios of POM sources in sediment highly affect the pore water DOM properties. • Oxygen does not affect biodegradationinduced alterations as much as sediment sources.
Ecological Indicators, 2019
The identification for the sources of organic matters (OMs) is necessary to better understand bio... more The identification for the sources of organic matters (OMs) is necessary to better understand biogeochemical cycling of carbon in aquatic environments. Hence, we intend to evaluate quantitative contributions of OM sources by using typical n-alkane indexes. In this regard, the end-member mixing experiment was designed as an example of theoretical system, which was physically mixed by two contrasting OM sources (e.g. soil and algae). Two sources showed distinct patterns with the long-chain alkanes (e.g., mainly C 25 , C 27, C 29, C 31 and C 33) for soil, but mid-chain alkanes (e.g., mainly C 19, C 21, C 23 and C 25) for algae. However, typical n-alkane indexes such as average chain length (ACL), carbon preference index (CPI), and aquatic plants % (P mar-aq), except for terrestrial/aquatic ratio (TAR), were not well reflected for different proportions of mixed OM sources, indicating the overestimated contribution of soil sources. With respect to source tracking capability of n-alkane indexes, the calculated regression slope indicated non-linear relationships (R 2 = 0.52-0.67) in ACL, CPI, and P mar-aq , and linear relationships (R 2 = 0.86) in TAR, while the most precise capability was found for carbon isotopic compositions (δ 13 C) of C 25 alkane (linear relationships; R 2 = 0.97) calculated from the isotope mixing model. Thus, the present study suggests that a binary mixing model of C 25 alkanes concentrations combined with their isotopic values should be a promising tool for quantifying each contribution of autochthonous and/or allochthonous OM in natural aquatic environments.
Journal of Fluorescence, 2019
Treatment and preservation of samples are critical issues in measuring the optical properties of ... more Treatment and preservation of samples are critical issues in measuring the optical properties of dissolved organic matter (DOM) due to their high sensitivity to physical and chemical changes upon sample handling. In this study, we rigorously assessed the potential interferences of sodium azide (NaN 3) on DOM absorption and fluorescence. A wide range of different samples were poisoned with varying NaN 3 concentrations. Several commonly used optical parameters derived from absorbance and fluorescence spectroscopy were compared at different samples and conditions to assess the interfering effect of NaN 3. Our results showed that NaN 3 altered the original features of absorbance and fluorescence even at the lowest level of the addition. The absorption coefficients of NaN 3-treated samples increased up to 2608% at 254 nm and 66% at 280 nm relative to the untreated control. Fluorescence data revealed both a quenching effect and an enhancement in fluorescence. The effect of NaN 3 on fluorescence was highly variable and affected by the NaN 3 concentrations added, and the sources and the concentrations of DOM samples. None of these factors exhibited a clear linear behavior with NaN 3 levels, making it difficult to develop a correction method. It can be recommended from the findings not to use NaN 3 in preserving DOM samples for optical measurements.
Science of The Total Environment, 2019
Conservative behaviors of three classical source tracking indices are examined for POM mixtures. ... more Conservative behaviors of three classical source tracking indices are examined for POM mixtures. • Optical indices, δ 13 C, and lipid biomarkers are compared in parallel. • Different mixing behaviors (linear or nonlinear) are identified for the tested tacking tools. • δ 13 C, relative abundance of fluorescent components, and YFI are good tracking indices.
PLOS ONE, 2019
Identifying the presence of animals based on faecal deposits in modern and ancient environments i... more Identifying the presence of animals based on faecal deposits in modern and ancient environments is of primary importance to archaeologists, ecologists, forensic scientists, and watershed managers, but it has proven difficult to distinguish faecal material to the species level. Until now, four 5β-stanols have been deployed as faecal biomarkers to distinguish between omnivores and herbivores, but they cannot distinguish between species. Here we present a database of faecal signatures from ten omnivore and herbivore species based on eleven 5β-stanol compounds, which enables us to distinguish for the first time the faecal signatures of a wide range of animals. We validated this fingerprinting method by testing it on modern and ancient soil samples containing known faecal inputs and successfully distinguished the signatures of different omnivores and herbivores.
The Science of the total environment, Jan 15, 2018
Sea ice contains a large amount of dissolved organic matter (DOM), which can be released into the... more Sea ice contains a large amount of dissolved organic matter (DOM), which can be released into the ocean once it melts. In this study, Arctic sea ice DOM was characterized for its optical (fluorescence) properties as well as the molecular sizes and composition via size exclusion chromatography and Fourier transformation ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS). Ice cores were collected along with the underlying seawater samples in Cambridge Bay, an Arctic area experiencing seasonal ice formation. The ice core samples revealed a marked enrichment of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) compared to the seawater counterparts (up to 6.2 times greater). The accumulation can be attributed to in situ production by the autotrophic and heterotrophic communities. Fluorescence excitation emission matrices (EEMs) elaborated with parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) evidenced the prevalence of protein-like substances in the ice cores, which likely results from in situ production followed by ...
The Science of the total environment, Jan 15, 2018
The two popular source tracing tools of stable isotope ratios (δ13C and δ15N) and fluorescence sp... more The two popular source tracing tools of stable isotope ratios (δ13C and δ15N) and fluorescence spectroscopy were used to estimate the relative source contributions to sediment organic matter (SeOM) at five different river sites in an agricultural-forested watershed (Soyang Lake watershed), and their capabilities for the source assignment were compared. Bulk sediments were used for the stable isotopes, while alkaline extractable organic matter (AEOM) from sediments was used to obtain fluorescent indices for SeOM. Several source discrimination indices were fully compiled for a range of the SeOM sources distributed in the catchments of the watershed, which included soils, forest leaves, crop (C3 and C4) and riparian plants, periphyton, and organic fertilizers. The relative source contributions to the river sediment samples were estimated via end member mixing analysis (EMMA) based on several selected discrimination indices. The EMMA based on the isotopes demonstrated that all sediments...
Environmental science and pollution research international, Jan 4, 2017
Characterizing the chemical and molecular composition of sediment organic matter (SeOM) provides ... more Characterizing the chemical and molecular composition of sediment organic matter (SeOM) provides critical information for a complete picture of global carbon and nutrient cycles, and helps to track the sources and the fate of organic carbon in aquatic environments. In this study, we examined fluorescence properties and the molecular composition of the alkaline-extractable organic matter (AEOM) of sediments in a coastal lake (Lake Sihwa) and its surrounding creeks (rural, urban, wetland, and industrial areas). Five fluorescence-based indices and 20 molecular parameters were selected from fluorescence spectroscopy and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS), respectively, and utilized to discriminate the AEOM among five different sources as well as the chemical composition of hydrophobic acid (HoA) and hydrophilic (Hi) fractions. Ordination based on Bray-Curtis dissimilarity matrices showed that the fluorescence-based indices distinguished among urban, ...
Water, 2017
Despite the environmental significance of dissolved organic matter (DOM), characterizing DOM is s... more Despite the environmental significance of dissolved organic matter (DOM), characterizing DOM is still challenging due to its structural complexity and heterogeneity. In this study, three different chemical fractions, including hydrophobic acid (HPOA), transphilic acid (TPIA), and hydrophilic neutral and base (HPIN/B) fractions, were separated from bulk aquatic DOM samples, and their spectral features and the chemical composition at the molecular level were compared using both fluorescence excitation emission matrix-parallel factor analysis (EEM-PARAFAC) and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS). The HPIN/B fraction was distinguished from the two acidic fractions (i.e., HPOA and TPIA) by the EEM-PARAFAC, while the TPIA fraction was discriminated by using the molecular parameters derived from the FT-ICR MS analyses. Statistical comparison suggests that the spectral dissimilarity among the three chemical fractions might result from the acido-basic prop...
Water Research, 2017
Understanding the dynamics of organic matter (OM) and the roles in global and local carbon cycles... more Understanding the dynamics of organic matter (OM) and the roles in global and local carbon cycles is challenging to the fields of environmental sciences and biogeochemistry. The accurate identification of OM is an essential element to achieve this goal. Lipids, due to their ubiquitous presence and diagenetic and chemical stability, have long and successfully been used as molecular makers in assessing the sources and the fate of OM in natural environments. In parallel, optical properties of dissolved organic matter (DOM) have been suggested as efficient tools in tracing OM sources. In this review, three representative lipid biomarkers and several common spectroscopic indices were compared for their capabilities to identify OM sources in various aquatic environments. Spectroscopic indices present various benefits in term of the high sensitivity, easy and rapid analysis, and a low cost, providing reliable information on major sources (i.e., autochthonous versus allochthonous) of DOM in given systems investigated. However, for further understanding the associated biogeochemistry (e.g., diagenetic changes in sources), using biomarkers is preferable due to their abilities to identify a wide spectrum of different sources simultaneously as well as their high resolution for mixed OM sources. Thus, a complementary use of both tools is highly recommended for accurately tracking OM sources and the dynamics in aquatic systems, particularly in a watershed affected by multiple sources. Nevertheless, future studies need to be carried out (1) to refine the accuracy of the source assignments in a wide range of settings along with the development of an extensive database encompassing various sources, environmental factors, and geographical locations and (2) to understand how biogeochemical processes reflect the biomarkers and the spectroscopic indices used.
Techniques Sciences Méthodes, 2012
Dans le contexte de la directive 2006/7/CE qui demande de constituer des profils de baignade nece... more Dans le contexte de la directive 2006/7/CE qui demande de constituer des profils de baignade necessitant une identification et une hierarchisation des sources de pollutions fecales, six laboratories de recherche francais se sont associes pour developper une « boite a outils » constituee de marqueurs chimiques et microbiologiques, destine a determiner l’origine humaine ou animale des contaminations des eaux de surface. A l’issue des developpements methodologiques, 14 marqueurs ont ete preselectionnes : deux ratios de concentrations de steroides (sitostanol/coprostanol et coprostanol/(coprostanol + 24-ethylcoprostanol)), deux ratios de fluorescence de la matiere organique ( Geochemical Fluorescence Index , ou GFI, et bio/geo), la cafeine, la benzophenone, le TCEP – tris(2-chloroethyl)phosphate –, deux groupes de bacteriophages ARN F-specifiques, constitues des genogroupes humains (II et III) et animaux (I et IV), trois bacteries appartenant a l’ordre des Bacteroidales et specifiques des humains (HF183), des ruminants (Rum-2-Bac) et des porcins (Pig-2-Bac), Bifidobacterium adolescentis , specifique des humains, et Lactobacillus amylovorus , specifique des porcins. L’ensemble de ces marqueurs a ete applique sur dix eaux touches par des pollutions humaines et animales bien identifies et sur 45 eaux de surface dont 15 etaient situees en amont de deux zones de baignade.Les resultats de l’etude ont montre que la boite a outils ne peut etre utilisee que lorsque le degre de contamination fecale est suffisamment eleve.Ainsi, des resultats exploitables n’ont ete obtenus que pour des niveaux de contamination superieurs a 500 Escherichia coli /100 mL, en utilisant les marqueurs chimiques tandis que des concentrations en E. coli superieures a 1 000 bacteries/100 mL etaient generalement necessaires pour obtenir des resultats quantifiables avec les marqueurs microbiologiques.L’interpretation des donnees statistiques a mis en evidence, dans la plupart des cas, une contamination mixte (humaine et animale) qui s’explique par le contexte geographique des zones traverses par les cours d’eau etudies (presence de pâturages de bovins et de rejets de stations d’epuration). Parmi les 14 marqueurs, cinq se sont reveles peu discriminants ou ont manque de sensibilite. Il est donc possible de reduire la boite a outils a neuf marqueurs representes par les deux rapports de steroides, la cafeine, le TCEP, les geno groups humains (II et III) des bacteriophages ARN F-specifiques, les marqueurs Bacteroidales HF183, Rum-2-Bac, Pig-2-Bac et L. amylovorus.
Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, 2014
Fecal sterols, seasonal variability, and probable sources along the ring of cenotes, Yucatan, Mex... more Fecal sterols, seasonal variability, and probable sources along the ring of cenotes, Yucatan, Mexico.
Science of The Total Environment, 2015
Sterol analysis and PCA used to characterize sources of organic matter. • Marine, autotrophic, te... more Sterol analysis and PCA used to characterize sources of organic matter. • Marine, autotrophic, terrigenous, and anthropogenic sources along the Ring of Cenotes were assigned. • Consistency between source assignment, land use context and season.
HAL is a multidisciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific re... more HAL is a multidisciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. Développement d'outils microbiologiques et chimiques permettant d'identifier l'origine des pollutions fécales dans les eaux de baignades
HAL is a multidisciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific re... more HAL is a multidisciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt età la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, emanant desétablissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ouétrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.
Uploads
Papers by Morgane Derrien
from exposure to pathogens. To reduce these risks and improve water quality, it is necessary to develop of tools capable of identifying faecal contamination sources. This issue is exacerbated in Europe by the hardening of guidelines for bathing waters and shellfish waters and the obligation to identify and prioritize sources of contamination.
The aim of this thesis is to validate the use of steroids as a tool for tracing the origin of faecal contamination in surface waters. The method is based on principal component
analysis of six fecal stanols. The scientific approach was conducted in three steps, from molecular scale to the watershed scale. The specificity of steroids and the homogeneity of sources were studied on bovine and porcine manures and on influent, effluent and sludge of
waste water treatment plant. Then the conservation and the persistence of the steroid fingerprint were evaluated during the transport of raw samples to the environment receiving
by experiments under controlled conditions. Finally, the method developed has been validated at the scale of two watersheds impacted by recurrent multi-sources contaminations.
All the results obtained in this work lead to validate the use of steroids as an operational tool to trace faecal sources contamination.
The aim of this thesis is to validate the use of steroids as a tool for tracing the origin of faecal contamination in surface waters. The method is based on principal component analysis of six fecal stanols. The scientific approach was conducted in three steps, from molecular scale to the watershed scale. The specificity of steroids and the homogeneity of sources were studied on bovine and porcine manures and on influent, effluent and sludge of waste water treatment plant. Then the conservation and the persistence of the steroid fingerprint were evaluated during the transport of raw samples to the environment receiving by experiments under controlled conditions. Finally, the method developed has been validated at the scale of two watersheds impacted by recurrent multi-sources contaminations.
All the results obtained in this work lead to validate the use of steroids as an operational tool to trace faecal sources contamination.