It has been widely recognized that innovation is an important driver of economic growth. Many Low... more It has been widely recognized that innovation is an important driver of economic growth. Many Low-and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) have adopted innovation indicators to monitor innovation performance and to evaluate the impact of innovation policies. This paper argues that innovation indicators should be customized to the different socioeconomic structures of LMICs. For this, the definition of innovation needs to be relevant to the multitude of innovation actors and processes in LMICs. LMICs also need to build competences not only in the construction of innovation indicators within their statistical systems, but also in the use of these indicators by among others policy makers. Especially as the fourth edition of the Oslo Manual (OM 2018) has broadened the scope of "innovation", opening up policy space for LMICs to accommodate the diversity in their national systems of innovation and to develop accompanying innovation indicators.
Innovation in the mining sector is crucial for industrial, economic, and sustainable development,... more Innovation in the mining sector is crucial for industrial, economic, and sustainable development, particularly for developing economies. It is important to understand the factors that stimulate innovation in this sector to upgrade productivity and growth. In the mining sector, innovation is driven by profit structure, which in turn depends strongly on commodity prices. We hypothesize two innovation responses to prices, which we test against existing evidence found in recent literature and available industry data. We find two different innovation responses to prices: exploration and in-house research and development (R&D) investments by mining companies increase as commodity prices rise, while the use of suppliers’ innovation intensifies when prices decrease. Policies to strengthen the sector should provide long-term support for the Mining Equipment, Technology and Services (METS) sector so that they can continuously invest in R&D to provide innovative solutions for mining firms, pos...
In resource-rich emerging countries, management of revenues from natural resources (NR) plays a c... more In resource-rich emerging countries, management of revenues from natural resources (NR) plays a critical role in transforming their economies. In this paper, a conceptual framework is constructed for an institution to promote the economic diversification through investing in knowledge, based on the literature from management of natural resources, industrial policy and public management. Existing financial mechanisms in Bolivia, Chile, Colombia and Peru, where NR revenues are invested in knowledge to enhance productivity (natural resources for knowledge, or NR4K funds), are examined applying the framework. The analysis identified that NR4K in these countries currently fall short of achieving their intended purpose of transitioning their economies toward increased diversification. These require complementary public policies to enhance capabilities, coordinate between stakeholders and initiate experimental investments.
This study contributes to the debate on the role of openness to international markets for the dif... more This study contributes to the debate on the role of openness to international markets for the diffusion of compliance with international standards in developing countries. Relying upon aggregated data for 1995-2005, as well as upon firm-level and secondary data from the Chilean salmon farming industry, the determinants of ISO 9000 and ISO 14001 diffusion at country, industry, and firm level, in Latin American are analysed. Our evidence suggests that openness to international markets acts at different levels. At both the country and industry level, it creates awareness and access to new knowledge therefore providing economic incentives or penalisations for evaluating certification. This effect competes and complements the deliberated efforts and policies in explaining diffusion of certification. At firm level, however, openness to international markets alone does not provide sufficient opportunities to acquire the knowledge required to comply with these standards. In this case, stand...
This report, which focuses on innovation, is the third by The World in 2050 (TWI2050) initiative ... more This report, which focuses on innovation, is the third by The World in 2050 (TWI2050) initiative that was established by the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) and other partners to provide scientific foundations for the UN’s 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. This report is based on the voluntary and collaborative effort of more than 60 authors and contributors from about 20 institutions globally, who met virtually to develop science-based strategies and pathways toward achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
Global Challenges for Innovation in Mining Industries
michiko iizuka, carlo pietrobelli and fernando vargas innovation in mining global value chains 92... more michiko iizuka, carlo pietrobelli and fernando vargas innovation in mining global value chains 92 m. iizuka, c. pietrobelli and f. vargas
Standards as a platform for innovation and learning in the global economy: a case study of Chilea... more Standards as a platform for innovation and learning in the global economy: a case study of Chilean salmon farming industry
Pro‐poor innovation, the innovation that serves the needs of poor, is currently discussed in vari... more Pro‐poor innovation, the innovation that serves the needs of poor, is currently discussed in various spheres including management, development and innovation studies. There are many emerging concepts such as “Bottom/Base of Pyramid (BOP)” (Prahalad and Hart, 2002; Prahalad,
The transformation of sociotechnical systems is considered necessary for achieving the Sustainabl... more The transformation of sociotechnical systems is considered necessary for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs). However, this transformation process is inhibited by institutional inertia of the public sector, vested interests of the private sector, routine habits of individuals, and increased complexity of globalised activities. While policies to stimulate the transition exist, these policies and pathways are still considered insufficient. Meanwhile, there are many individual private initiatives taking place to advance the societal agenda. Although these are still isolated actions of new actors, they have the potential to become broader movements bringing disruptive advances through innovation. This study explores the potential of innovation ecosystem to understand the emerging private sector initiatives to meet social agenda through innovations that are disruptive and inclusive. Four types of businesses are examined: venture capital, an incubator, venture start-ups, and a social impact fund. A common feature underlying these cases are the creation of tailored innovation ecosystems that effectively utilises complementary assets. Currently these activities are self-generated without much government support. However, by aligning with public policy impact can be accelerated towards achieving the SDGs. Examining cases as 'signals' provide hints for how policy can be formulated to scaled-up and transform currently isolated private initiatives.
This book examines the development of the Chilean salmon farming industry, paying special attenti... more This book examines the development of the Chilean salmon farming industry, paying special attention to public goods, namely: ‘knowledge development’, ‘environmental sustainability’, ‘institutions’ and ‘inclusiveness/social welfare’. Normally, policy interventions in managing public goods are justified by the market failure argument. There are; however, several scholars who question assumptions made by neoclassical approach and extend their argument for the policy intervention in correcting systemic failure as well as coordination failure (for example, Cimoli et al. 2009; Stiglitz 1999).
It has been widely recognized that innovation is an important driver of economic growth. Many Low... more It has been widely recognized that innovation is an important driver of economic growth. Many Low-and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) have adopted innovation indicators to monitor innovation performance and to evaluate the impact of innovation policies. This paper argues that innovation indicators should be customized to the different socioeconomic structures of LMICs. For this, the definition of innovation needs to be relevant to the multitude of innovation actors and processes in LMICs. LMICs also need to build competences not only in the construction of innovation indicators within their statistical systems, but also in the use of these indicators by among others policy makers. Especially as the fourth edition of the Oslo Manual (OM 2018) has broadened the scope of "innovation", opening up policy space for LMICs to accommodate the diversity in their national systems of innovation and to develop accompanying innovation indicators.
Innovation in the mining sector is crucial for industrial, economic, and sustainable development,... more Innovation in the mining sector is crucial for industrial, economic, and sustainable development, particularly for developing economies. It is important to understand the factors that stimulate innovation in this sector to upgrade productivity and growth. In the mining sector, innovation is driven by profit structure, which in turn depends strongly on commodity prices. We hypothesize two innovation responses to prices, which we test against existing evidence found in recent literature and available industry data. We find two different innovation responses to prices: exploration and in-house research and development (R&D) investments by mining companies increase as commodity prices rise, while the use of suppliers’ innovation intensifies when prices decrease. Policies to strengthen the sector should provide long-term support for the Mining Equipment, Technology and Services (METS) sector so that they can continuously invest in R&D to provide innovative solutions for mining firms, pos...
In resource-rich emerging countries, management of revenues from natural resources (NR) plays a c... more In resource-rich emerging countries, management of revenues from natural resources (NR) plays a critical role in transforming their economies. In this paper, a conceptual framework is constructed for an institution to promote the economic diversification through investing in knowledge, based on the literature from management of natural resources, industrial policy and public management. Existing financial mechanisms in Bolivia, Chile, Colombia and Peru, where NR revenues are invested in knowledge to enhance productivity (natural resources for knowledge, or NR4K funds), are examined applying the framework. The analysis identified that NR4K in these countries currently fall short of achieving their intended purpose of transitioning their economies toward increased diversification. These require complementary public policies to enhance capabilities, coordinate between stakeholders and initiate experimental investments.
This study contributes to the debate on the role of openness to international markets for the dif... more This study contributes to the debate on the role of openness to international markets for the diffusion of compliance with international standards in developing countries. Relying upon aggregated data for 1995-2005, as well as upon firm-level and secondary data from the Chilean salmon farming industry, the determinants of ISO 9000 and ISO 14001 diffusion at country, industry, and firm level, in Latin American are analysed. Our evidence suggests that openness to international markets acts at different levels. At both the country and industry level, it creates awareness and access to new knowledge therefore providing economic incentives or penalisations for evaluating certification. This effect competes and complements the deliberated efforts and policies in explaining diffusion of certification. At firm level, however, openness to international markets alone does not provide sufficient opportunities to acquire the knowledge required to comply with these standards. In this case, stand...
This report, which focuses on innovation, is the third by The World in 2050 (TWI2050) initiative ... more This report, which focuses on innovation, is the third by The World in 2050 (TWI2050) initiative that was established by the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) and other partners to provide scientific foundations for the UN’s 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. This report is based on the voluntary and collaborative effort of more than 60 authors and contributors from about 20 institutions globally, who met virtually to develop science-based strategies and pathways toward achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
Global Challenges for Innovation in Mining Industries
michiko iizuka, carlo pietrobelli and fernando vargas innovation in mining global value chains 92... more michiko iizuka, carlo pietrobelli and fernando vargas innovation in mining global value chains 92 m. iizuka, c. pietrobelli and f. vargas
Standards as a platform for innovation and learning in the global economy: a case study of Chilea... more Standards as a platform for innovation and learning in the global economy: a case study of Chilean salmon farming industry
Pro‐poor innovation, the innovation that serves the needs of poor, is currently discussed in vari... more Pro‐poor innovation, the innovation that serves the needs of poor, is currently discussed in various spheres including management, development and innovation studies. There are many emerging concepts such as “Bottom/Base of Pyramid (BOP)” (Prahalad and Hart, 2002; Prahalad,
The transformation of sociotechnical systems is considered necessary for achieving the Sustainabl... more The transformation of sociotechnical systems is considered necessary for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs). However, this transformation process is inhibited by institutional inertia of the public sector, vested interests of the private sector, routine habits of individuals, and increased complexity of globalised activities. While policies to stimulate the transition exist, these policies and pathways are still considered insufficient. Meanwhile, there are many individual private initiatives taking place to advance the societal agenda. Although these are still isolated actions of new actors, they have the potential to become broader movements bringing disruptive advances through innovation. This study explores the potential of innovation ecosystem to understand the emerging private sector initiatives to meet social agenda through innovations that are disruptive and inclusive. Four types of businesses are examined: venture capital, an incubator, venture start-ups, and a social impact fund. A common feature underlying these cases are the creation of tailored innovation ecosystems that effectively utilises complementary assets. Currently these activities are self-generated without much government support. However, by aligning with public policy impact can be accelerated towards achieving the SDGs. Examining cases as 'signals' provide hints for how policy can be formulated to scaled-up and transform currently isolated private initiatives.
This book examines the development of the Chilean salmon farming industry, paying special attenti... more This book examines the development of the Chilean salmon farming industry, paying special attention to public goods, namely: ‘knowledge development’, ‘environmental sustainability’, ‘institutions’ and ‘inclusiveness/social welfare’. Normally, policy interventions in managing public goods are justified by the market failure argument. There are; however, several scholars who question assumptions made by neoclassical approach and extend their argument for the policy intervention in correcting systemic failure as well as coordination failure (for example, Cimoli et al. 2009; Stiglitz 1999).
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