Bridge decks deteriorate faster compared to other bridge components, primarily influenced by traf... more Bridge decks deteriorate faster compared to other bridge components, primarily influenced by traffic volume, while previous studies have examined the effect of bridge-wearing surfaces on deterioration, further understanding of the relationship between bridge performance and maintenance is needed for policy-making and planning purposes. In this study, we focus on nine influential variables to unravel the intricate connections among performance, deterioration, and maintenance of six distinct bridge-wearing surfaces: Monolithic Concrete, Gravel, Wood or Timber, Bituminous, Low Surface Concrete, and Other. Statistical analyses were employed to determine associations between variables and concepts, exploring similarities and differences across various wearing surface types. In particular, machine learning algorithms were utilized to model the maintenance considering the performance and deterioration of the six diverse wearing surfaces. This approach allowed for an examination of interact...
Mosquito-borne diseases account for multiple public health challenges in our modern world. The in... more Mosquito-borne diseases account for multiple public health challenges in our modern world. The international health community has seen a number of mosquito-borne diseases come to the forefront in recent years, including West Nile virus, Chikungunya virus, and currently, Zika virus. Predicting the spread of mosquito-borne disease can aid early decision support for when and how to employ public health interventions within a community; however, accurate and fast predictions, months into the future, are difficult to achieve in urgent scenarios, particularly when little information is known about infection rates. New sources of information including social media have been proposed to accelerate the development of predictive models of disease progression. In this research, we adapted a previously described model for the spread of mosquito-borne disease using open intelligence sources. The novel implementation of a mixed-model for mosquito-borne disease was capable of being executed in minimal runtime. The results indicate that this model yields fast and relevant results with acceptable margins of error.
Proceedings of the 13th International Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring, Mar 15, 2022
Public safety and economic growth are some of the key factors in motivating governments to keep t... more Public safety and economic growth are some of the key factors in motivating governments to keep their civil infrastructures, in particular bridges, safe and sound. However, the American Society for Civil Engineers gave a C+ grade for U.S. bridges in 2017. It has been observed that many parameters associated with bridges, such as geographical locations, designs, materials used, and traffic patterns, play key roles in determining the safety and deterioration rates of bridges. However, there is still a lack of studies that analyze the exact impact of all relevant parameters. The motivation of this study is to propose a new data-driven model that employs the concept of population analysis in assessing the impact of each potential parameter and extracting critical information associated with civil infrastructures and their deterioration patterns. We use a correlation network model to analyze and visualize the big data associated with more than 600,000 bridges in the national bridge inventory database. Graph theoretic analysis is applied to the correlation networks to find elements or clusters of interest. A sub-set of 268 bridges across the US of the same age are considered for this case study and the Markov clustering algorithm is used to obtain the clusters from the correlation network. Enrichment analysis is applied to the clusters to identify the significantly enriched input parameters. Preliminary results reveal several facts, including that prestressed concrete bridges in the Southeast region perform better than steel bridges in the Midwestern region. The obtained results are supported by previous research and further validated by the exploratory factor analysis when dividing the clusters into two groups. The proposed network model provides a new data-driven methodology for evaluating the safety and performance of structures. It provides domain experts with valuable information on how to efficiently allocate time and funds for inspecting existing bridges and how to identify key bridge parameters suitable for designing and constructing new bridges in various geographical areas.
The Common Industrial Protocol (CIP) is a widely used Open DeviceNet Vendors Association (ODVA) s... more The Common Industrial Protocol (CIP) is a widely used Open DeviceNet Vendors Association (ODVA) standard [14]. CIP is an application-level protocol for communication between components in an industrial control setting such as a Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA) environment. We present exploits for authentication and privileged I/O in a CIP implementation. In particular, Allen Bradley's implementation of CIP communications between its programming software and Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) is the target of our exploits. Allen Bradley's RSLogix 5000 software supports programming and centralized monitoring of Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) from a desktop computer. In our test bed, ControlLogix EtherNet/IP Web Server Module (1756-EWEB) allows the PLC Module (5573-Logix) to be programmed, monitored and controlled by RSLogix 5000 over an Ethernet LAN. Our vulnerability discovery process included examination of CIP network traffic and reverse engineering the RSLogix 5000 software. Our findings have led to the discovery of several vulnerabilities in the protocol, including denial-of-service attacks, but more significantly and recently the creation of an authentication bypass and remote escalated privileged I/O command exploit. The exploit abuses RSLogix 5000's use of hard-coded credentials for outbound communication with other SCADA components. This paper provides a first public disclosure of the vulnerability, exploit development process, and results.
Bridge decks deteriorate faster compared to other bridge components, primarily influenced by traf... more Bridge decks deteriorate faster compared to other bridge components, primarily influenced by traffic volume, while previous studies have examined the effect of bridge-wearing surfaces on deterioration, further understanding of the relationship between bridge performance and maintenance is needed for policy-making and planning purposes. In this study, we focus on nine influential variables to unravel the intricate connections among performance, deterioration, and maintenance of six distinct bridge-wearing surfaces: Monolithic Concrete, Gravel, Wood or Timber, Bituminous, Low Surface Concrete, and Other. Statistical analyses were employed to determine associations between variables and concepts, exploring similarities and differences across various wearing surface types. In particular, machine learning algorithms were utilized to model the maintenance considering the performance and deterioration of the six diverse wearing surfaces. This approach allowed for an examination of interact...
Mosquito-borne diseases account for multiple public health challenges in our modern world. The in... more Mosquito-borne diseases account for multiple public health challenges in our modern world. The international health community has seen a number of mosquito-borne diseases come to the forefront in recent years, including West Nile virus, Chikungunya virus, and currently, Zika virus. Predicting the spread of mosquito-borne disease can aid early decision support for when and how to employ public health interventions within a community; however, accurate and fast predictions, months into the future, are difficult to achieve in urgent scenarios, particularly when little information is known about infection rates. New sources of information including social media have been proposed to accelerate the development of predictive models of disease progression. In this research, we adapted a previously described model for the spread of mosquito-borne disease using open intelligence sources. The novel implementation of a mixed-model for mosquito-borne disease was capable of being executed in minimal runtime. The results indicate that this model yields fast and relevant results with acceptable margins of error.
Proceedings of the 13th International Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring, Mar 15, 2022
Public safety and economic growth are some of the key factors in motivating governments to keep t... more Public safety and economic growth are some of the key factors in motivating governments to keep their civil infrastructures, in particular bridges, safe and sound. However, the American Society for Civil Engineers gave a C+ grade for U.S. bridges in 2017. It has been observed that many parameters associated with bridges, such as geographical locations, designs, materials used, and traffic patterns, play key roles in determining the safety and deterioration rates of bridges. However, there is still a lack of studies that analyze the exact impact of all relevant parameters. The motivation of this study is to propose a new data-driven model that employs the concept of population analysis in assessing the impact of each potential parameter and extracting critical information associated with civil infrastructures and their deterioration patterns. We use a correlation network model to analyze and visualize the big data associated with more than 600,000 bridges in the national bridge inventory database. Graph theoretic analysis is applied to the correlation networks to find elements or clusters of interest. A sub-set of 268 bridges across the US of the same age are considered for this case study and the Markov clustering algorithm is used to obtain the clusters from the correlation network. Enrichment analysis is applied to the clusters to identify the significantly enriched input parameters. Preliminary results reveal several facts, including that prestressed concrete bridges in the Southeast region perform better than steel bridges in the Midwestern region. The obtained results are supported by previous research and further validated by the exploratory factor analysis when dividing the clusters into two groups. The proposed network model provides a new data-driven methodology for evaluating the safety and performance of structures. It provides domain experts with valuable information on how to efficiently allocate time and funds for inspecting existing bridges and how to identify key bridge parameters suitable for designing and constructing new bridges in various geographical areas.
The Common Industrial Protocol (CIP) is a widely used Open DeviceNet Vendors Association (ODVA) s... more The Common Industrial Protocol (CIP) is a widely used Open DeviceNet Vendors Association (ODVA) standard [14]. CIP is an application-level protocol for communication between components in an industrial control setting such as a Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA) environment. We present exploits for authentication and privileged I/O in a CIP implementation. In particular, Allen Bradley's implementation of CIP communications between its programming software and Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) is the target of our exploits. Allen Bradley's RSLogix 5000 software supports programming and centralized monitoring of Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) from a desktop computer. In our test bed, ControlLogix EtherNet/IP Web Server Module (1756-EWEB) allows the PLC Module (5573-Logix) to be programmed, monitored and controlled by RSLogix 5000 over an Ethernet LAN. Our vulnerability discovery process included examination of CIP network traffic and reverse engineering the RSLogix 5000 software. Our findings have led to the discovery of several vulnerabilities in the protocol, including denial-of-service attacks, but more significantly and recently the creation of an authentication bypass and remote escalated privileged I/O command exploit. The exploit abuses RSLogix 5000's use of hard-coded credentials for outbound communication with other SCADA components. This paper provides a first public disclosure of the vulnerability, exploit development process, and results.
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Papers by Robin Gandhi