Papers by Christopher Ohagwu
Dutse Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences
Postpartum hemorrhage has been a major cause of maternal morbidity and mortality globally every y... more Postpartum hemorrhage has been a major cause of maternal morbidity and mortality globally every year. Sonographic measurement of inferior vena cava diameter is a cheap, safe, non-invasive method and an indicator of blood loss after childbirth. The study was aimed to establish normal range values of postpartum inferior vena cava (IVC) among parturients in Kano metropolis, Nigeria. A prospective and longitudinal study from September, 2021 to September, 2022 was adopted and a minimum sample size of 210 measurements of IVC intraluminal diameter was calculated for the study using G Power sample size software. The sample comprised of two sets measurements obtained from 105 parturients before delivery and after delivery. The maternal heart rate and systolic blood pressure were measured. Blood samples from all subjects were collected. The data was analyzed using IBM Statistical Software. The range value of IVC diameter on inspiration of the subjects before childbirth was 13.2 mm – 20.3 mm, ...
Journal of Diagnostic Medical Sonography
Objective: To establish normative data on the width of the acromioclavicular (AC) joint space usi... more Objective: To establish normative data on the width of the acromioclavicular (AC) joint space using sonography, based on a selected Nigerian cohort without any shoulder injury or pathology. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on the normal AC joints of randomly selected Nigerians. A sonographer performed the examination and obtained all the width measurements of AC joint space, using a GE LOGIQP6 ultrasound system and a multiple-frequency linear transducer. Results: The width of the AC joint space was equal on both sides, measuring 5.6 ± 1.2 mm for the right and 5.6 ± 1.2 mm for the left ( P = .701). The mean width of both joint spaces differed between men and women, with the men having a wider space ( P < .05). Age had a strong negative predictive relationship, with the AC joint space width and both joint spaces decreasing with age ( P < .001). Weight and body mass index had weak negative predictive relationships with both joint space widths ( P < ...
IJRDO -JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCES AND NURSING
Assessment of the impact of interprofessional learning (IPL) on professional dynamics among healt... more Assessment of the impact of interprofessional learning (IPL) on professional dynamics among healthcare professionals is very important for quality patient care management. The research design was a prospective cross-sectional descriptive study. It was conducted in various healthcare departments at Federal Medical Centres and Federal Teaching Hospitals in South-East of Nigeria having a sample size of 386 healthcare professionals. Validated questionnaire “Interprofessional Learning Dynamic Scale (IPLDS)” was used for this study. It contained 63 items with 2-sections: A and B. ‘A’ for socio-demographic data and ‘B’ for professionals’ relationship, knowledge, readiness, perception and attitude towards IPL. Data was collected through simple random sampling and analysed descriptively using Spearman rank correlation. Previous IPL experience showed significant positive relationship with radiographers’ ability to accommodate, collaborate, form teamwork, resolve conflict and communicate effec...
Journal of Environmental Radioactivity
Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials
Radiologic technology, Mar 1, 2022
PURPOSE To use sonography to measure liver longitudinal length and determine liver longitudinal l... more PURPOSE To use sonography to measure liver longitudinal length and determine liver longitudinal length percentiles among children in Warri, Delta State, Nigeria. METHODS Midclavicular liver longitudinal length was measured in a sample of 320 children 10 years and younger. Mean liver longitudinal length was calculated for boys and girls separately, boys and girls combined, and each age group. The liver longitudinal length was correlated with age, height, weight, body surface area (BSA), and body mass index (BMI). The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th and 95th percentiles were calculated. RESULTS The mean liver longitudinal length for the boys and girls combined was 9.1 ± 0.6 cm. The relationship between liver longitudinal length and age, height, and weight was linear (r = 0.896, 0.906 and 0.910, respectively). A negative correlation was observed between liver longitudinal length and BMI (r = -0.424), but the relationship between liver longitudinal length and BSA was positive (r = 0.929). The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th and 95th percentiles of the liver measurements conformed to the typical growth pattern of the liver. DISCUSSION Although an increase in liver size was in line with expected somatic growth in infants and children 10 years and younger, increases in liver length was progressive and most rapid in the first year of life in the cohort of children in this study. In children 10 years and younger, sexual dimorphism in liver size appears to be of doubtful clinical significance because it tends to be transient. CONCLUSION When age or any other anthropometric parameter is known, the presented typical values of liver longitudinal length, percentiles, and regression equations can serve as reference values during sonographic assessment of liver size among children in Warri, Nigeria. Furthermore, the use of different growth curves and different reference values during sonographic evaluation of the liver among children might be unnecessary.
Journal of Radiography and Radiation Sciences
Aim: To characterize and classify stroke lesions and normal brain tissue in computed tomography... more Aim: To characterize and classify stroke lesions and normal brain tissue in computed tomography (CT) images using statistical texture descriptors. Patients and methods: Two experienced radiologists blinded to each other inspected CT images of 164 stroke patients to identify and categorize stroke lesions into ischaemic and haemorrhagic subtypes. Four regions of interest (ROIs) in each CT slice that demonstrated the lesion; two each representing the lesion and normal tissue were selected. Statistical texture descriptors namely, co-occurrence matrix, run-length matrix, absolute gradient and histogram were calculated for them. Raw data analysis was performed to identify the parameters that best discriminate between normal brain tissue and stroke lesions. Artificial neural network (ANN) was used to classify the ROIs into normal tissue, ischaemic and haemorrhagic lesions using the radiologists’ identification and categorization as the gold standard, and further analyzed using the recei...
COVID-19 pandemic shutdown of tertiary institutions in Nigeria and globally following the lockdow... more COVID-19 pandemic shutdown of tertiary institutions in Nigeria and globally following the lockdown of socio-economic activities. There is paucity of data on the effects of the pandemic on Radiography education in Nigerian universities especially in Nnamdi Azikiwe University (NAU) Nnewi campus. This prospective cross - sectional study was carried out using a structured questionnaire. One hundred and twenty- five questionnaires were distributed by the researcher to students, academic and non-academic staff of the department of Radiography, NAU, and one hundred was retrieved thereafter. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 23 at 5% level of significance. The major effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on Radiography education in NAU were poor access to education financing (97%), poor attendance to lectures (91%), poor academic performance after the lockdown (85%), better attitude to infection control ...
Saudi Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences, 2017
There is a dearth of sonologists in Nigeria, yet sonographic estimation of actual birth weight (A... more There is a dearth of sonologists in Nigeria, yet sonographic estimation of actual birth weight (ABW) is important in antenatal care. Aim: To determine the reliability of estimated fetal weight (EFW) by sonographers and sonologists in Lagos Nigeria. Settings and Design: In the cross-sectional study, a convenience sample of 663 healthy women with singleton pregnancy at term was selected. Ethical approval for the study design and consent of participants were obtained. Subjects and Methods: Three sonographers and three sonologists used a single ultrasound scanner with Hadlock-3 algorithm to measure biparietal diameter, abdominal circumference, and femur length in three centers while three midwives used a single neonatal weighing scale to measure ABW. Statistical Analysis Used: Medical ® statistical software version 12.5 was used to analyze data. Descriptive and inferential statistics, as well as Bland/Altman plots were used to determine reliability of EFWs. Results were tested for statistical significance at P ≤ 0.05. Results: Majority (76.2%) of babies had normal weight while mean EFW and ABW were 3.50 ± 0.10 kg and 3.45 ± 0.12 kg, respectively and the difference between them is not statistically significant (P > 0.05). For sonographers and sonologists in each center, mean error and coefficient of variation were very small while Pearson's correlation coefficient as well as intra-and interclass correlation coefficients was very high. Conclusion: Independent estimation of ABW by sonographers in Lagos metropolis was very reliable. Sonography was also highly reliable in predicting macrosomia.
Prenatal ultrasound has in the past one decade gained acceptance as a standard tool for obstetric... more Prenatal ultrasound has in the past one decade gained acceptance as a standard tool for obstetric management in North-Central Nigeria but it is however faced with barriers hindering its utilization in prenatal care. The objective of this study was to assess the perception of pregnant women about the barriers to utilization of prenatal ultrasound in prenatal care in North-Central Nigeria. A hospital-based cross-sectional prospective survey was conducted at the antenatal clinic of Federal Medical Centre, Makurdi, Benue State in North-Central Nigeria between December 2008 and June 2009. The survey targeted pregnant women who were attending antenatal clinic in the hospital. A convenience sample of 596 patients who have had at least one previous prenatal ultrasound were included in the study. Results showed all the barriers were rated high with necessity of scan (attitude) and satisfaction with prenatal ultrasound service rating higher than the rest; being 2.91 ± 1.12 and 3.00 ± 0.63 res...
Internet Journal of Medical Update - EJOURNAL, 2009
The study is aimed to investigate placental thickness as a parameter for estimating gestational a... more The study is aimed to investigate placental thickness as a parameter for estimating gestational age in normal singleton pregnancies in Nigerian women. 730 Nigerian women with normal singleton pregnancies who were attending antenatal clinic at Federal Medical Centre, Makurdi, Nigeria were studied by transabdominal ultrasound between February, 2007 and January, 2008. Sonography was carried out using Sonoscape SSI 600 ultrasound machine with 3.5MHz transducer. Gestational age was estimated by crown-rump length (CRL), biparietal diameter (BPD), femur length (FL) and abdominal circumference (AC) and the composite average recorded while placental thickness was measured at the point of insertion of the umbilical cord. Mean placental thickness with standard deviation was calculated for each gestational age. Correlation analysis was used to determine the relationship between placental thickness and gestational age while regression analysis yielded mathematical relationships between placental thickness and gestation age. The maximum mean placental thickness of 45.1 ± 6.4mm was recorded at 39 weeks gestation. There was a fairly linear increase in mean placental thickness with gestation age. There was significant and strong positive correlation between placental thickness and gestational age. Placental thickness appears promising as an accurate indicator of gestational age in singleton pregnancies in Nigerian women.
West African Journal of Radiology, 2006
The status of Light Beam diaphragms (LDBs) in Calabar, Cross River State were studied using a qua... more The status of Light Beam diaphragms (LDBs) in Calabar, Cross River State were studied using a quality assurance test method to check the beam alignment and collimator accuracy of x-ray equipment in diagnostic centers in Calabar. Results showed an increase in misalignment of the x-ray field and light field with an increase in the light field. The greatest misalignments were 7.9% and 5.6% along the cassette and across the cassette respectively. On the other hand, the least misalignments across and along the cassettes were 0.3% and 1.1% respectively. This indicates an unacceptable status of LBDs in Calabar, and the implication of this in image quality and radiation protection is noted as an undesirable development as it evidently contributes an unwelcome quantity to the radiation dose to the patient population. ABSTRAIT Le statut des diaphragmes de faisceau lumineux (LDBs) dans Calabar, L'état en travers de fleuve ont été étudiés en utilisant une méthode d'essai de garantie de la qualité pour verifier l'alignement de faisceau et l'exactitude de collimateur de l'équipement de rayon X aux centres de diagnostic dans Calabar. Les résultats ont montré une augmentation de la deviation d'alignement du champ de rayon X et du champ de lumière avec une augmentation dans le domaine léger. Les plus grandes déviations d'alignement étaient 7.9% et 5.6% le long de la cassette et à travers la cassette respectivement. D'autre part, les moindres déviations d'alignement à travers et le long des cassettes étaient 0.3% et 1.1% respectivement. Ceci indique un statut inacceptable de LBDs dans Calabar, et l'implication de ceci en qualité d'image et radioprotection est notée pendant qu'un développement indésirable pendant qu'elle contribue évidemment une quantité fâcheuse à la dose de rayonnement à la population patiente.
International Journal of Medical and Health Research, 2018
Nigerian Quarterly Journal of Hospital Medicine
Film rejects analysis (FRA) as part of quality assurance tests in radiography services, is carrie... more Film rejects analysis (FRA) as part of quality assurance tests in radiography services, is carried out periodically to identify causes of film rejection and to proffer solutions to ameliorate such problems. The study was carried out to estimate film rejection rate in a tertiary health facility in Benin, Nigeria and also to identify causes of film rejection in the centre. This prospective study was carried out within 6 months. Ethical approval was obtained from the local committee on research and ethics before the study commenced. Only routine x-ray procedures were included in the study. Four x-ray rooms and four radiographers with equal training and job experience were selected for the study. Different boxes labeled for each room were used to daily collect rejected films. Overall rejection rate was 6.7%. Improper exposure caused the highest rate of repeats (> 12% in the old x-ray rooms). Highest rejection rates (31%) were found in the old x-ray rooms. Paranasal sinuses examinatio...
International Journal of General Medicine, 2015
The aim of the study is to validate the use of Siriraj Stroke Score (SSS) in the diagnosis of acu... more The aim of the study is to validate the use of Siriraj Stroke Score (SSS) in the diagnosis of acute hemorrhagic and acute ischemic stroke in southeast Nigeria. This was a prospective study on validity of SSS in the diagnosis of stroke types in southeast Nigeria. Subjects diagnosed with stroke for whom brain computerized tomography (CT) scan was performed on admission were recruited during the study period. SSS was calculated for each subject, and the SSS diagnosis was compared with brain CT scan-based diagnosis. A total of 2,307 patients were admitted in the hospital medical wards during the study period, of whom 360 (15.6%) were stroke patients and of these, 113 (31.4%) adult subjects met the inclusion criteria. The mean age of the subjects was 66.5±2.6 years. The mean interval between ictus and presentation was 2.5±0.4 days. Ischemic stroke was confirmed by CT in 74 subjects; however, SSS predicted 60 (81.1%) of these subjects correctly (P,0.05). Hemorrhagic stroke was confirmed by CT in 39 subjects, and SSS predicted 36 (92.3%) of them correctly (P,0.05). In acute ischemic stroke, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of SSS were 92%, 94%, 97%, 86%, and 93%, respectively, while in patients with hemorrhagic stroke, the corresponding percentages were 94%, 92%, 86%, 97%, and 93%, respectively. SSS is not reliable enough to clinically differentiate stroke types in southeast Nigeria to warrant interventions like thrombolysis in acute ischemic stroke.
Infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remains a major global threat to good health an... more Infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remains a major global threat to good health and radiographers are a part of the team that manages the pandemic. However, perceived negative attitude of radiographers towards people living with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) remain a detracting factor in achieving the desired objective of ensuring quality and productive life for the victims. The aim of this study was to assess the level of knowledge and attitude of radiographers in Enugu State, Nigeria towards people living with AIDS (PLWA). A cross sectional prospective survey that targeted radiographers working in Enugu State was conducted using a 25-item self- completion questionnaire. Results showed satisfactory level of knowledge about HIV/AIDS and positive attitude towards PLWA among radiographers. There is, however, a small segment whose attitudes are negative. It is hoped that regular clinical meetings and seminars will help change their negative attitudes.
Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 2008
World Journal of Medical …, 2009
The aim of this study was to determine the mean plantar aponeurosis thickness (PAT) in apparently... more The aim of this study was to determine the mean plantar aponeurosis thickness (PAT) in apparently normal adult Nigerians. The plantar aponeurosis thickness (PAT) of 224 apparently normal adult Nigerians were measured using ultrasound in a prospective cross sectional descriptive study. The fasting blood sugar level (FBSL) was determined after an overnight fast, using a digital glucose metre. The body mass index (BMI), age and sex of the subjects were also recorded. Data was analyzed with statistical package for social Science (SPSS) 14.0.Statiatical tests were two-tailed with P<0.05 to indicate statistical significance. The mean PAT was3.15 ±0.11mm for males and 2.36 ± 0.26mm for females. The plantar aponeurosis was significantly thicker in males than in females (P<0.05). PAT showed significant positive correlation with BMI (r=0.6, P<0.05) and age (r=0.3, P<0.05). The study has established reverence values of PAT for normal adult Nigerians, which could be useful in assessing the anatomical integrity of plantar aponeurosis.
Internet Journal of Medical Update- …, 2009
The study is aimed to investigate placental thickness as a parameter for estimating gestational a... more The study is aimed to investigate placental thickness as a parameter for estimating gestational age in normal singleton pregnancies in Nigerian women. 730 Nigerian women with normal singleton pregnancies who were attending antenatal clinic at Federal Medical Centre, Makurdi, Nigeria were studied by transabdominal ultrasound between February, 2007 and January, 2008. Sonography was carried out using Sonoscape SSI 600 ultrasound machine with 3.5MHz transducer. Gestational age was estimated by crown-rump length (CRL), biparietal diameter (BPD), femur length (FL) and abdominal circumference (AC) and the composite average recorded while placental thickness was measured at the point of insertion of the umbilical cord. Mean placental thickness with standard deviation was calculated for each gestational age. Correlation analysis was used to determine the relationship between placental thickness and gestational age while regression analysis yielded mathematical relationships between placental thickness and gestation age. The maximum mean placental thickness of 45.1 ± 6.4mm was recorded at 39 weeks gestation. There was a fairly linear increase in mean placental thickness with gestation age. There was significant and strong positive correlation between placental thickness and gestational age. Placental thickness appears promising as an accurate indicator of gestational age in singleton pregnancies in Nigerian women.
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Papers by Christopher Ohagwu