Background: Wenyonia Woodland, 1923 represents a monophyletic lineage of Caryophyllidean tapeworm... more Background: Wenyonia Woodland, 1923 represents a monophyletic lineage of Caryophyllidean tapeworms that exclusively infect mochokid cat shes of the genus Synodontis. In Nigeria, information on the molecular characterization of Wenyonia sp tracing the phylogenetic relationship within the genus is lacking. This study was therefore aimed to evaluate the genetic relatedness between and among Wenyonia species based on the partial nucleotide sequence of the D1-D3 region of the 28SrRNA gene and the mt region (trnK + nad3 + trnS + trnW + cox1) genes. Methods and results: One hundred and twenty Synodontis clarias from the Lekki Lagoon were purchased fresh at the Oluwo market Epe, Lagos, Nigeria between November 2020 and April 2021. Total genomic DNA of identi ed Wenyonia species recovered from the shes were extracted. PCR was done to amplify the divergent domains (D1-D3) region of the 28SrRNA gene and the mt region (trnK + nad3 + trnS + trnW + cox1) genes in the Wenyonia species, and PCR products sequenced. The nucleotide sequences obtained were veri ed using BLAST and they were subsequently analyzed using the Molecular Evolutionary Genetic Analysis (MEGA 7.0). Wenyonia sp are abundant in Synodontis clarias with W. virilis the most prevalent and W. minuta the least prevalent. The phylogenetic tree based on the D1-D3 region of the partial 28SrRNA gene nucleotide sequence revealed three main clusters that indicated that W. minuta and W. youdeoweii are more genetically related than W. virilis. W. longicauda, however, showed more intermediate relatedness between and among the 5 Wenyonia species used in the tree. W. acuminuta showed the least genetically relatedness among the 5 Wenyonia species. Based on the partial mt region comprising trnK+ nad3+ trnS+ trnW+ cox1, W. acuminuta showed more genetic relatedness with W. longicauda than with W. youdeoweii. Conclusion: The study therefore revealed that Wenyonia sp are abundant in Synodontis clarias and that the species are genetically closely related as revealed by the taxonomical classi cation. However, some individual among these species may have been evolving.
Y-chromosome short tandem repeats (Y-STRs) are specialized class of short tandem repeats located ... more Y-chromosome short tandem repeats (Y-STRs) are specialized class of short tandem repeats located on human Y (male) chromosomes and are passed unchanged (barring a mutation) from one generation to the next. They are widely used in population genetic studies, forensics, paternity and genealogical DNA testing. The non-recombining nature of these loci makes them to have high discriminatory capacities among individuals of the same population or ethnicity. This is because they are polymorphic and exhibit high mutation rates. For Y-STR data to be applicable in forensics, knowledge of the haplotype frequencies in a geographic or ethnic substructure is required. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood sample of 110 unrelated Yoruba males, who have consented to participate in the research by signing the informed consent form, using conventional method. Five Y-STR markers (DYS392, DYS393, DYS449, DYS490 and DYS576) were typed and the PCR products were resolved on 4% agarose electrophoresis. Haplotype diversity was highest in DYS449 (0.840) and lowest in DYS392 (0.406). Also, the power of discrimination was found to be highest in DYS449 and lowest in DYS392 with 85.9% and 40.7%, respectively. The study revealed that the loci under study are suitable for use in identification, discrimination and forensic applications in the Yoruba population in Nigeria.
Global demand for seafood products alone is projected to increase by 70 percent in the next 30 ye... more Global demand for seafood products alone is projected to increase by 70 percent in the next 30 years as harvests from traditional capture fisheries either remain stable or continue to decline. At the same time, coastal marine ecosystems worldwide that support wild shellfisheries are threatened by pollution, habitat degradation, overharvesting and a growing dependence on common pool-resources among other concerns, lending an increasingly important role for sustainably produced and managed shellfish resources to fill the widening gap in the world's capacity for food production, hence the application of genetic technology. This paper then review the importance of genetics application in shellfisheries like species identification, stock structure, mixed stock analysis, biomarkers for age, harvest rate and abundance, genetic diversity, detection of pathogens and invasive species among others. Various methods of genetic approach, challenges and strategies for promoting these genetic methods in Nigeria were also presented.
Background Colour vision deficiency (CVD), also referred to as colour blindness, is the failure o... more Background Colour vision deficiency (CVD), also referred to as colour blindness, is the failure or decreased ability to distinguish between certain colours under normal lighting conditions. It is an X-linked genetic disorder with varying degrees of prevalence in different populations. There is presently no report on the prevalence of CVD among students of the selected tertiary institution. Hence, the present study was aimed at determining the occurrence and genetics of CVD among students from designated tertiary institutions in Lagos state. A cross-sectional survey was employed in recruiting 1191 study subjects from three tertiary institutions in Lagos, Nigeria. Results The overall occurrence of CVD among the study participants was 2.85%. There were 24 (4.29%) males and 10 (1.58%) females affected. Among the colour vision deficient individuals, 18 (1.51%) and 16 (1.34%) were deuteranomalous and protanomalous, respectively. Also, the prevalence of CVD varies across ethnic groups of t...
BADEGGI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND ENVIRONMENT, 2022
This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of effluent and influent, from a beverage plant... more This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of effluent and influent, from a beverage plant in Lagos state, using haematology, sperm assay, and impact of the physicochemical parameters on mice. The effluent and influent were collected in sterile bottles and were separately administered orally to 5 groups of mice at test concentrations of 6.5%, 12.5%, 25%, 50% and 100%. Mice in each group weighing approximately between 30 and 35 g were given 0.3ml/body weight of mice in each test concentration orally, daily for 21 days. Each treatment group and the control group comprised 3 mice. The resulting data showed that both test samples induced a dose-dependent, statistically significant (p<0.05) increase in the number of sperms with abnormal morphology, haematology, as well as diverse histopathological changes in the liver. The samples were also analyzed for physicochemical properties with standard laboratory techniques. The results obtained revealed that both the effluent and influ...
Electronic industry is one of the most prominent and advanced in the world, producing significant... more Electronic industry is one of the most prominent and advanced in the world, producing significant complex waste known as electronic-waste (e-waste). One of the challenges of e-wastes is the concern raised about the toxic effect of their components. This study investigates the effect of e-waste from Alaba International market in Lagos, Nigeria on Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly). Wild type drosophila were collected and fed with a prepared fruit fly medium. Different concentrations (0.1, 1, 2, 10, 25, 50% (v/v), positive control and negative control of the e-waste medium were prepared. The toxicity of e- waste was studied by varying the e-waste concentration in the media on which the fruit flies were bred for two successive generations. Physico-chemical analysis of the e-waste was carried out. Data were analyzed using Microsoft excel and SPSS statistical analyses. The results showed that as the concentration of e-waste increases from 0.1-100 v/v%, the time interval for development ...
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology, 2019
Grasshoppers are a group of herbivorous insects in the order Orthoptera and suborder Caelifera (R... more Grasshoppers are a group of herbivorous insects in the order Orthoptera and suborder Caelifera (Ragge, 1965; Meinzingen, 1993). Globally, there are about 11,000 known species of grasshoppers distributed in six families and several genera. The genus Acrida is one of the most diverse genera in the order (Gupta and Chandra, 2018). Acrida turrita (Family Acrididae or Acridomorphoidea) is a short-horned grasshopper found in many parts of the world, often regarded as giant green slant face grasshopper. The males have a diploid chromosome number of 23, with an X0 constitution (Brown, 1972). Several cytogenetic studies have shown that 23 uniform and conserved acrocentric chromosomes made up of 22 autosomes and an X chromosome are found in the grasshoppers of the family Acrididae and this conservation has been reported
The advent of Wi-Fi connected high technology devices in executing day-to-day activities is fast ... more The advent of Wi-Fi connected high technology devices in executing day-to-day activities is fast evolving especially in developing countries of the world and hence the need to assess its safety among others. The present study was conducted to investigate the injurious effect of radiofrequency emissions from installed Wi-Fi devices in brains of young male rats. Animals were divided into four equal groups; group 1 served as control while groups 2, 3, and 4 were exposed to 2.5 Ghz at intervals of 30, 45, and 60 consecutive days with free access to food and water ad libitum. Alterations in harvested brain tissues were confirmed by histopathological analyses which showed vascular congestion and DNA damage in the brain was assayed using agarose gel electrophoresis. Histomorphometry analyses of their brain tissues showed perivascular congestion and tissue damage as well.
Concentrations of commonly used organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were determined in tissues of 23... more Concentrations of commonly used organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were determined in tissues of 23 adult and 24 larval water frogs of two coexisting species (Rana lessonae and the hemiclonal hybrid R. esculenta) and in the water of their breeding pond in an agricultural zone in Umbria, central Italy, where increased occurrence of infectious diseases and distinctly oversized tadpoles were recently observed. The concentrations of OCP in tissues of both species were lower than those in the water of their breeding pond, except for DDT, which was more concentrated in adult frogs than in pond water (bioaccumulation factor 7 for R. lessonae, 15 for R. esculenta). Total OCP concentration and adult body weight were positively correlated for both species, which is consistent with bioaccumulation. In accord, adults contained higher OCP concentrations than tadpoles. Oversized tadpoles had higher OCP concentrations than normal tadpoles. Mean OCP concentrations in individual organs were about an o...
Background The human external ear is unique in every individual in terms of shape, size and dimen... more Background The human external ear is unique in every individual in terms of shape, size and dimension making it suitable in forensic anthropology for sex estimation and personal identification purposes. The study aimed to evaluate sexual dimorphism and ethnic specificity of the external ear in major Nigerian ethnic populations. Results There was variation in the morphological features of the external ear of the sampled subjects. The external ear features vary in the right and left ears in both sexes of the ethnic groups. All variables were statistically significant (p < 0.05) except ear width. Univariate discriminant function gave sex prediction accuracies between 56.4 and 57.3% for left and right ears, respectively. Population-specific sex prediction accuracy using stepwise discriminant analysis of left ear variables ranged 58–69.7% and 57.5–74.2% for right ear. Conclusion The ear parameters showed potential for sex estimation, but cannot be solely relied upon for personal ident...
Biology, Medicine & Natural Product Chemistry, Jul 26, 2020
The use of psychoactive substances for several reasons by commercial vehicle drivers has been doc... more The use of psychoactive substances for several reasons by commercial vehicle drivers has been documented as a major cause of increased incidences of traffic accidents globally. The study aimed at determining the prevalence of psychoactive substance use among Nigerian male commercial vehicle drivers randomly selected from the three major ethnic groups in Nigeria (Igbo, Hausa and Yoruba). A structured questionnaire which included data on sociodemographic status and psychoactive drug use history was introduced to all participants. Generic Multi-Drug Urine Dip Card Test Kit and Shimadzu chromatograph system (Shimadzu Corporation, Kyoto, Japan) were used for toxicological analyses. Out of the 264 Nigerian male commercial vehicle drivers who participated in this study, 111(42.0 %) had used illicit drugs in recent times, 55(20.8 %) took drugs for improved energy and 90(34.1 %) felt high after using illicit drugs. Marijuana was the most abused substance; 77(29.2 %) followed by benzodiazepine; 34(12.9) across all ethnicities studied. Across all ethnicities, HPLC revealed that the Hausa drivers had the highest concentration of psychoactive substances in their urine samples. These findings, reiterates the need for the Nigerian anti-drug agency to develop new strategies in conducting a repressive drug war and extending the same to bus stations.
Background Recent studies have shown parasites as accumulation indicators that give critical info... more Background Recent studies have shown parasites as accumulation indicators that give critical information about the bioavailability of pollutants. To further buttress parasites in the assessment of metal sink potentials, the parasite Cosmocerca sp. was analyzed in a total of 168 host toads, Sclerophrys regularis, from three (3) study stations sampled around dumpsites and natural habitats in selected parts of Lagos Metropolis. Method Concentrations of Zn, Ni, Co, Cu, and Pb in the soil, parasite, intestine, and liver of toads at each location were analyzed using flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Results Comparison based on the concentrations of metals in S. regularis liver regardless of the collection site (dumpsite and natural habitat) showed that the most accumulated metal was zinc. Zinc significantly accumulated in the liver of the uninfected toad at the dumpsite, followed by the infected counterparts. There was also significant bioaccumulation of lead in the liver of the uninf...
International journal of legal medicine, Jan 4, 2017
The three major ethnic groups of Nigerian population namely the Hausa, Igbo and Yoruba make up 29... more The three major ethnic groups of Nigerian population namely the Hausa, Igbo and Yoruba make up 29, 21 and 18% of the total population, respectively. To provide genetic information necessary for forensic analysis, this study was carried out to determine STR allele frequencies in 102 Hausa, 128 Igbo and 134 Yoruba individuals in Nigeria using 21 STR loci including the 20 CODIS (Combined DNA Index System) loci plus SE33.
A subgroup among people living with HIV (PLHIV) experience viral suppression, sometimes to an und... more A subgroup among people living with HIV (PLHIV) experience viral suppression, sometimes to an undetectable level in the blood and/or are able to maintain a healthy CD4+ T-cell count without the influence of antiretroviral (ARV) therapy. One out of three hundred PLHIV fall into this category, and a large sample of this group can be found in areas with a high prevalence of HIV infection such as Nigeria and South Africa. Understanding the mechanism underpinning the nonprogressive phenotype in this subgroup may provide insights into the control of the global HIV epidemic. This work provides mechanisms of the elite control and nonprogressive phenotype among PLHIV in Nigeria and South Africa and identifies research gaps that will contribute to a better understanding on HIV controllers among PLHIV.
Garcinia kola is an important indigenous fruit tree that has a huge medicinal and economic value ... more Garcinia kola is an important indigenous fruit tree that has a huge medicinal and economic value in Nigeria. It is often referred to as ‘wonder plant’ because all its parts have specific medicinal properties and have been employed traditionally for the treatment of diverse ailments. This study is aimed to determine the genetic variation that exists between and within G. kola species in selected states of Southern part of Nigeria using morphological and morphometric markers. Phenotypic traits were measured on site according to descriptors of tropical fruits by Biodiversity International in the course of an exploration. The geographical positioning system (GPS) data of individual trees were also documented. Measurements were taken with the aid of a meter rule and direct observations. Data obtained were subjected to one-way analysis of variance and revealed F-value of 58.49 and a corresponding p-value ˃0.000. The result of the descriptive statistics also shows that diameter at breast height (DBH), crown diameters (CD-) ranged from 2-8m, while leaf related traits revealed that leaf length (LL), leaf width, average petiole length (APTL) and index of leaf length and leaf width ranged from 2.8-1, 1.66-6.66 ,0.6-1.48, 1-7.12 respectively. Also mean and standard deviation of DBH, CD, APTL, LL, LW, LL /LW are 4.63±1.44, 1.95±0.59, 1.04±0.33, 11.51±3.39, 1.85±1.77 and 2.78±0.36 respectively. The study revealed high variability between and within the different G. kola individuals sampled from Southern Nigeria.
Wide crosses of twelve different genotypes of cultivated cowpea Vigna unguiculata were made with ... more Wide crosses of twelve different genotypes of cultivated cowpea Vigna unguiculata were made with a view to transferring useful genes to obtain hybrids with new traits that can be of immense contribution to the yield of cowpea in the world. The expected hybrids are intended to be used for mapping population for further cowpea breeding programs. A total of 102 attempts were made but only eight out of all the crosses were successful. Out of the eight successful crosses only three were viable and germinated when planted. All the twelve genotypes studied were examined for their morphological characters which were later used to construct a dendrogram. The dendrogram showed that the genotype with accession number IT845-2246-4 is genetically more diverse compared to others. At 0.40 similarity coefficient three clusters were formed. These clusters contain sub-clusters which vary from each other. However, at a very high similarity coefficient of about 0. 72 there exist relationships between genotypes 2 and 8. A combination of the morphological and breeding works can be used to identify various kinds of genotype and as a reference point for further studies.
Background: Wenyonia Woodland, 1923 represents a monophyletic lineage of Caryophyllidean tapeworm... more Background: Wenyonia Woodland, 1923 represents a monophyletic lineage of Caryophyllidean tapeworms that exclusively infect mochokid cat shes of the genus Synodontis. In Nigeria, information on the molecular characterization of Wenyonia sp tracing the phylogenetic relationship within the genus is lacking. This study was therefore aimed to evaluate the genetic relatedness between and among Wenyonia species based on the partial nucleotide sequence of the D1-D3 region of the 28SrRNA gene and the mt region (trnK + nad3 + trnS + trnW + cox1) genes. Methods and results: One hundred and twenty Synodontis clarias from the Lekki Lagoon were purchased fresh at the Oluwo market Epe, Lagos, Nigeria between November 2020 and April 2021. Total genomic DNA of identi ed Wenyonia species recovered from the shes were extracted. PCR was done to amplify the divergent domains (D1-D3) region of the 28SrRNA gene and the mt region (trnK + nad3 + trnS + trnW + cox1) genes in the Wenyonia species, and PCR products sequenced. The nucleotide sequences obtained were veri ed using BLAST and they were subsequently analyzed using the Molecular Evolutionary Genetic Analysis (MEGA 7.0). Wenyonia sp are abundant in Synodontis clarias with W. virilis the most prevalent and W. minuta the least prevalent. The phylogenetic tree based on the D1-D3 region of the partial 28SrRNA gene nucleotide sequence revealed three main clusters that indicated that W. minuta and W. youdeoweii are more genetically related than W. virilis. W. longicauda, however, showed more intermediate relatedness between and among the 5 Wenyonia species used in the tree. W. acuminuta showed the least genetically relatedness among the 5 Wenyonia species. Based on the partial mt region comprising trnK+ nad3+ trnS+ trnW+ cox1, W. acuminuta showed more genetic relatedness with W. longicauda than with W. youdeoweii. Conclusion: The study therefore revealed that Wenyonia sp are abundant in Synodontis clarias and that the species are genetically closely related as revealed by the taxonomical classi cation. However, some individual among these species may have been evolving.
Y-chromosome short tandem repeats (Y-STRs) are specialized class of short tandem repeats located ... more Y-chromosome short tandem repeats (Y-STRs) are specialized class of short tandem repeats located on human Y (male) chromosomes and are passed unchanged (barring a mutation) from one generation to the next. They are widely used in population genetic studies, forensics, paternity and genealogical DNA testing. The non-recombining nature of these loci makes them to have high discriminatory capacities among individuals of the same population or ethnicity. This is because they are polymorphic and exhibit high mutation rates. For Y-STR data to be applicable in forensics, knowledge of the haplotype frequencies in a geographic or ethnic substructure is required. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood sample of 110 unrelated Yoruba males, who have consented to participate in the research by signing the informed consent form, using conventional method. Five Y-STR markers (DYS392, DYS393, DYS449, DYS490 and DYS576) were typed and the PCR products were resolved on 4% agarose electrophoresis. Haplotype diversity was highest in DYS449 (0.840) and lowest in DYS392 (0.406). Also, the power of discrimination was found to be highest in DYS449 and lowest in DYS392 with 85.9% and 40.7%, respectively. The study revealed that the loci under study are suitable for use in identification, discrimination and forensic applications in the Yoruba population in Nigeria.
Global demand for seafood products alone is projected to increase by 70 percent in the next 30 ye... more Global demand for seafood products alone is projected to increase by 70 percent in the next 30 years as harvests from traditional capture fisheries either remain stable or continue to decline. At the same time, coastal marine ecosystems worldwide that support wild shellfisheries are threatened by pollution, habitat degradation, overharvesting and a growing dependence on common pool-resources among other concerns, lending an increasingly important role for sustainably produced and managed shellfish resources to fill the widening gap in the world&#39;s capacity for food production, hence the application of genetic technology. This paper then review the importance of genetics application in shellfisheries like species identification, stock structure, mixed stock analysis, biomarkers for age, harvest rate and abundance, genetic diversity, detection of pathogens and invasive species among others. Various methods of genetic approach, challenges and strategies for promoting these genetic methods in Nigeria were also presented.
Background Colour vision deficiency (CVD), also referred to as colour blindness, is the failure o... more Background Colour vision deficiency (CVD), also referred to as colour blindness, is the failure or decreased ability to distinguish between certain colours under normal lighting conditions. It is an X-linked genetic disorder with varying degrees of prevalence in different populations. There is presently no report on the prevalence of CVD among students of the selected tertiary institution. Hence, the present study was aimed at determining the occurrence and genetics of CVD among students from designated tertiary institutions in Lagos state. A cross-sectional survey was employed in recruiting 1191 study subjects from three tertiary institutions in Lagos, Nigeria. Results The overall occurrence of CVD among the study participants was 2.85%. There were 24 (4.29%) males and 10 (1.58%) females affected. Among the colour vision deficient individuals, 18 (1.51%) and 16 (1.34%) were deuteranomalous and protanomalous, respectively. Also, the prevalence of CVD varies across ethnic groups of t...
BADEGGI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND ENVIRONMENT, 2022
This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of effluent and influent, from a beverage plant... more This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of effluent and influent, from a beverage plant in Lagos state, using haematology, sperm assay, and impact of the physicochemical parameters on mice. The effluent and influent were collected in sterile bottles and were separately administered orally to 5 groups of mice at test concentrations of 6.5%, 12.5%, 25%, 50% and 100%. Mice in each group weighing approximately between 30 and 35 g were given 0.3ml/body weight of mice in each test concentration orally, daily for 21 days. Each treatment group and the control group comprised 3 mice. The resulting data showed that both test samples induced a dose-dependent, statistically significant (p<0.05) increase in the number of sperms with abnormal morphology, haematology, as well as diverse histopathological changes in the liver. The samples were also analyzed for physicochemical properties with standard laboratory techniques. The results obtained revealed that both the effluent and influ...
Electronic industry is one of the most prominent and advanced in the world, producing significant... more Electronic industry is one of the most prominent and advanced in the world, producing significant complex waste known as electronic-waste (e-waste). One of the challenges of e-wastes is the concern raised about the toxic effect of their components. This study investigates the effect of e-waste from Alaba International market in Lagos, Nigeria on Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly). Wild type drosophila were collected and fed with a prepared fruit fly medium. Different concentrations (0.1, 1, 2, 10, 25, 50% (v/v), positive control and negative control of the e-waste medium were prepared. The toxicity of e- waste was studied by varying the e-waste concentration in the media on which the fruit flies were bred for two successive generations. Physico-chemical analysis of the e-waste was carried out. Data were analyzed using Microsoft excel and SPSS statistical analyses. The results showed that as the concentration of e-waste increases from 0.1-100 v/v%, the time interval for development ...
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology, 2019
Grasshoppers are a group of herbivorous insects in the order Orthoptera and suborder Caelifera (R... more Grasshoppers are a group of herbivorous insects in the order Orthoptera and suborder Caelifera (Ragge, 1965; Meinzingen, 1993). Globally, there are about 11,000 known species of grasshoppers distributed in six families and several genera. The genus Acrida is one of the most diverse genera in the order (Gupta and Chandra, 2018). Acrida turrita (Family Acrididae or Acridomorphoidea) is a short-horned grasshopper found in many parts of the world, often regarded as giant green slant face grasshopper. The males have a diploid chromosome number of 23, with an X0 constitution (Brown, 1972). Several cytogenetic studies have shown that 23 uniform and conserved acrocentric chromosomes made up of 22 autosomes and an X chromosome are found in the grasshoppers of the family Acrididae and this conservation has been reported
The advent of Wi-Fi connected high technology devices in executing day-to-day activities is fast ... more The advent of Wi-Fi connected high technology devices in executing day-to-day activities is fast evolving especially in developing countries of the world and hence the need to assess its safety among others. The present study was conducted to investigate the injurious effect of radiofrequency emissions from installed Wi-Fi devices in brains of young male rats. Animals were divided into four equal groups; group 1 served as control while groups 2, 3, and 4 were exposed to 2.5 Ghz at intervals of 30, 45, and 60 consecutive days with free access to food and water ad libitum. Alterations in harvested brain tissues were confirmed by histopathological analyses which showed vascular congestion and DNA damage in the brain was assayed using agarose gel electrophoresis. Histomorphometry analyses of their brain tissues showed perivascular congestion and tissue damage as well.
Concentrations of commonly used organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were determined in tissues of 23... more Concentrations of commonly used organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were determined in tissues of 23 adult and 24 larval water frogs of two coexisting species (Rana lessonae and the hemiclonal hybrid R. esculenta) and in the water of their breeding pond in an agricultural zone in Umbria, central Italy, where increased occurrence of infectious diseases and distinctly oversized tadpoles were recently observed. The concentrations of OCP in tissues of both species were lower than those in the water of their breeding pond, except for DDT, which was more concentrated in adult frogs than in pond water (bioaccumulation factor 7 for R. lessonae, 15 for R. esculenta). Total OCP concentration and adult body weight were positively correlated for both species, which is consistent with bioaccumulation. In accord, adults contained higher OCP concentrations than tadpoles. Oversized tadpoles had higher OCP concentrations than normal tadpoles. Mean OCP concentrations in individual organs were about an o...
Background The human external ear is unique in every individual in terms of shape, size and dimen... more Background The human external ear is unique in every individual in terms of shape, size and dimension making it suitable in forensic anthropology for sex estimation and personal identification purposes. The study aimed to evaluate sexual dimorphism and ethnic specificity of the external ear in major Nigerian ethnic populations. Results There was variation in the morphological features of the external ear of the sampled subjects. The external ear features vary in the right and left ears in both sexes of the ethnic groups. All variables were statistically significant (p < 0.05) except ear width. Univariate discriminant function gave sex prediction accuracies between 56.4 and 57.3% for left and right ears, respectively. Population-specific sex prediction accuracy using stepwise discriminant analysis of left ear variables ranged 58–69.7% and 57.5–74.2% for right ear. Conclusion The ear parameters showed potential for sex estimation, but cannot be solely relied upon for personal ident...
Biology, Medicine & Natural Product Chemistry, Jul 26, 2020
The use of psychoactive substances for several reasons by commercial vehicle drivers has been doc... more The use of psychoactive substances for several reasons by commercial vehicle drivers has been documented as a major cause of increased incidences of traffic accidents globally. The study aimed at determining the prevalence of psychoactive substance use among Nigerian male commercial vehicle drivers randomly selected from the three major ethnic groups in Nigeria (Igbo, Hausa and Yoruba). A structured questionnaire which included data on sociodemographic status and psychoactive drug use history was introduced to all participants. Generic Multi-Drug Urine Dip Card Test Kit and Shimadzu chromatograph system (Shimadzu Corporation, Kyoto, Japan) were used for toxicological analyses. Out of the 264 Nigerian male commercial vehicle drivers who participated in this study, 111(42.0 %) had used illicit drugs in recent times, 55(20.8 %) took drugs for improved energy and 90(34.1 %) felt high after using illicit drugs. Marijuana was the most abused substance; 77(29.2 %) followed by benzodiazepine; 34(12.9) across all ethnicities studied. Across all ethnicities, HPLC revealed that the Hausa drivers had the highest concentration of psychoactive substances in their urine samples. These findings, reiterates the need for the Nigerian anti-drug agency to develop new strategies in conducting a repressive drug war and extending the same to bus stations.
Background Recent studies have shown parasites as accumulation indicators that give critical info... more Background Recent studies have shown parasites as accumulation indicators that give critical information about the bioavailability of pollutants. To further buttress parasites in the assessment of metal sink potentials, the parasite Cosmocerca sp. was analyzed in a total of 168 host toads, Sclerophrys regularis, from three (3) study stations sampled around dumpsites and natural habitats in selected parts of Lagos Metropolis. Method Concentrations of Zn, Ni, Co, Cu, and Pb in the soil, parasite, intestine, and liver of toads at each location were analyzed using flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Results Comparison based on the concentrations of metals in S. regularis liver regardless of the collection site (dumpsite and natural habitat) showed that the most accumulated metal was zinc. Zinc significantly accumulated in the liver of the uninfected toad at the dumpsite, followed by the infected counterparts. There was also significant bioaccumulation of lead in the liver of the uninf...
International journal of legal medicine, Jan 4, 2017
The three major ethnic groups of Nigerian population namely the Hausa, Igbo and Yoruba make up 29... more The three major ethnic groups of Nigerian population namely the Hausa, Igbo and Yoruba make up 29, 21 and 18% of the total population, respectively. To provide genetic information necessary for forensic analysis, this study was carried out to determine STR allele frequencies in 102 Hausa, 128 Igbo and 134 Yoruba individuals in Nigeria using 21 STR loci including the 20 CODIS (Combined DNA Index System) loci plus SE33.
A subgroup among people living with HIV (PLHIV) experience viral suppression, sometimes to an und... more A subgroup among people living with HIV (PLHIV) experience viral suppression, sometimes to an undetectable level in the blood and/or are able to maintain a healthy CD4+ T-cell count without the influence of antiretroviral (ARV) therapy. One out of three hundred PLHIV fall into this category, and a large sample of this group can be found in areas with a high prevalence of HIV infection such as Nigeria and South Africa. Understanding the mechanism underpinning the nonprogressive phenotype in this subgroup may provide insights into the control of the global HIV epidemic. This work provides mechanisms of the elite control and nonprogressive phenotype among PLHIV in Nigeria and South Africa and identifies research gaps that will contribute to a better understanding on HIV controllers among PLHIV.
Garcinia kola is an important indigenous fruit tree that has a huge medicinal and economic value ... more Garcinia kola is an important indigenous fruit tree that has a huge medicinal and economic value in Nigeria. It is often referred to as ‘wonder plant’ because all its parts have specific medicinal properties and have been employed traditionally for the treatment of diverse ailments. This study is aimed to determine the genetic variation that exists between and within G. kola species in selected states of Southern part of Nigeria using morphological and morphometric markers. Phenotypic traits were measured on site according to descriptors of tropical fruits by Biodiversity International in the course of an exploration. The geographical positioning system (GPS) data of individual trees were also documented. Measurements were taken with the aid of a meter rule and direct observations. Data obtained were subjected to one-way analysis of variance and revealed F-value of 58.49 and a corresponding p-value ˃0.000. The result of the descriptive statistics also shows that diameter at breast height (DBH), crown diameters (CD-) ranged from 2-8m, while leaf related traits revealed that leaf length (LL), leaf width, average petiole length (APTL) and index of leaf length and leaf width ranged from 2.8-1, 1.66-6.66 ,0.6-1.48, 1-7.12 respectively. Also mean and standard deviation of DBH, CD, APTL, LL, LW, LL /LW are 4.63±1.44, 1.95±0.59, 1.04±0.33, 11.51±3.39, 1.85±1.77 and 2.78±0.36 respectively. The study revealed high variability between and within the different G. kola individuals sampled from Southern Nigeria.
Wide crosses of twelve different genotypes of cultivated cowpea Vigna unguiculata were made with ... more Wide crosses of twelve different genotypes of cultivated cowpea Vigna unguiculata were made with a view to transferring useful genes to obtain hybrids with new traits that can be of immense contribution to the yield of cowpea in the world. The expected hybrids are intended to be used for mapping population for further cowpea breeding programs. A total of 102 attempts were made but only eight out of all the crosses were successful. Out of the eight successful crosses only three were viable and germinated when planted. All the twelve genotypes studied were examined for their morphological characters which were later used to construct a dendrogram. The dendrogram showed that the genotype with accession number IT845-2246-4 is genetically more diverse compared to others. At 0.40 similarity coefficient three clusters were formed. These clusters contain sub-clusters which vary from each other. However, at a very high similarity coefficient of about 0. 72 there exist relationships between genotypes 2 and 8. A combination of the morphological and breeding works can be used to identify various kinds of genotype and as a reference point for further studies.
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Papers by Khalid Adekoya