Gross National Happiness (GNH) Index first developed by Bhutan that is an inspiring initiative by... more Gross National Happiness (GNH) Index first developed by Bhutan that is an inspiring initiative by Bhutan's government, and much praised by the global development communities. SDGs are highly integrated with the development philosophy of gross national happiness. Happiness is actually a sense of well-being, and generally, it is being supposed that happiness is a major source of motivation. It is the earliest assumption that income can make anyone happy, but there is a number of factors that are responsible for the happiness or subjective well-being other than income. This study examined the household level of happiness of women by considering demographic, social and economic determinants in province Punjab. The happiness of women is measured through developing happiness index based upon MICS5 data. Results showed that demographic, social and economic determinants can increase the happiness of female in case of Punjab. Some dependent variables having some negative relationships with happiness while all the other independent variables are effecting the happiness of women in a positive manner. The implications based on the findings suggest that policymakers should draft focused policies to accelerate the household level wellbeing of women instead of relying only on unanimous programs for all regions.
The main aim of this research paper is to construct suitable, valid, reliable and socially realis... more The main aim of this research paper is to construct suitable, valid, reliable and socially realistic asset index at household level in Pakistan by using PDHS micro-data and to estimate the economic disparities in Pakistan by using Gini-coefficient and Palma-ratio. Further, this study has investigated the economic, demographic, cultural and social factors of asset inequality at household level in Pakistan by employing quantile regression analysis. This study elaborates the dimensional structure of the assets by presenting the results from Factor Analysis (Exploratory Factor Analysis) and Principal Component Analysis (Tetrachoric-PCA), and have applied Item Response Theory (IRT) and Classical Test Theory for reliability analysis of the index. The results show that Sindh and Baluchistan provinces are with higher asset inequalities comparing to Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Punjab. Within Punjab, district Sialkot is outperformer with lowest asset inequalities, district DG khan is ranked at top...
Human Development Index at the household level…. 3.2.4.1 Measurement of household-based human dev... more Human Development Index at the household level…. 3.2.4.1 Measurement of household-based human development index (UNDP Approach)……………………………….. 3.3 Methods for measuring Disparities……………………………………. (vi) 3.3.1 Measures for Income, Education, Health and Human Development Disparities………………………………………… 3.3.1.1 Lorenz Curve and Gini-Coefficient…………………….. 3.3.1.2 The Palma Ratio………………………………………… 3.3.1.3 Atkinson index and generalised entropy class………….. 3.4 Determinants of Human Development Disparities at Household Level; Quantile Regression Analysis…………………………………………. 3.4.1 Econometric Model…………………………………………….. 3.4.2 Description of Variables……………………………………….. 3.4.3 Estimation Method: A Quantile Regression Analysis………….. 3.4.4 A Conceptual Link and Empirical Evidence of the Relationship between Explained and Explanatory Variables………………… 3.4.4.1 Economic determinants of human development disparities………………………………………………. 3.4.4.2 Quality of life determinates of human development disparities……………………………………………….
Dr. Tanveer Ahmed Naveed Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, University of Gujrat, Paki... more Dr. Tanveer Ahmed Naveed Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, University of Gujrat, Pakistan Kamran Sarwar Department of Economics, University of Gujrat, Pakistan Muhammad Sibt e Ali PhD Scholar, School of Business, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou City, Henan, China Muhammad Saqib Irshad (Corresponding Author) Department of Economics, University of Jhang, Pakistan Email: [email protected] Muhammad Taqi M Phil Economics, School of Economics, Bahauddin Zakaryia University, Multan, Pakistan Abstract: Panel data from 2000 to 2016 will be used in this study to assess the influence of globalization on gender inequality in South Asian countries. As a proxy for gender differences, the Gender Inequality Index (GII) is utilised; for globalizations, social, political, and economic globalizations indices are also employed. The Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich created these three-dimensional indicators, while UNDP created an index of gender inequality. In order to dete...
This study has investigated the trade openness impact on the government consumption expenditures ... more This study has investigated the trade openness impact on the government consumption expenditures of the Pakistan. This has utilized Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) for statistical analysis. The results show that increase in trade liberalization leads to increase in the government consumption expenditures and proves the Rodrik (1998) and Cemaron (1978) compensation hypothesis in Pakistan. This result concludes that Pakistan government consumption expenditures reduce volatility and risks which creates through the trade liberalization.
The main objectives of this study are to construct a valid and reliable asset index at household ... more The main objectives of this study are to construct a valid and reliable asset index at household level and to estimate economic disparities in 36 districts of Punjab (Pakistan) by using Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey micro-data. An asset index may be a better measure than current income or expenditure for gauging a household’s long-term capacity for buying goods and services and its potential resilience to economic shocks. This paper provides details of the results from Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Tetrachoric Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for the dimensional structure of assets. We have applied Classical Test Theory (CTT) and Item Response Theory (IRT) in order to construct a reliable household level asset index. In Punjab, Lahore has the highest asset index score followed by Gujrat and Sialkot. Gini-coefficient index and the Palma ratio analyses show that the asset distribution in the district of Rajanpur is highly unequal.
Different theories interpret the migration differently. Difference of interpretation of migration... more Different theories interpret the migration differently. Difference of interpretation of migration depends upon the structural and conceptual framework of each approach. At the macro-level, neoclassical approach describes migration by geographic differences in the demand and supply of labor. The subsequent differences in wages cause labors to move from labor-surplus, low-wage areas to labors scarce, and high-wage areas. Other theories consider social, psychological and political factors dominating in migration decision. The objective of this study is to analyze the socioeconomic determinants of rural-urban migration in Pakistan. For this purpose primary data Labor Force Survey (LFS) 2010-11 is used. SPSS software is used for analysis; the logistic regression is applied to estimate the impact of socioeconomic determinants on rural to urban migration in Pakistan. The empirics of the study show that there is significant relationship between Employment, Agriculture landholding, Business,...
The main objective of this study is to find out impact of infrastructure on economic growth of Pa... more The main objective of this study is to find out impact of infrastructure on economic growth of Pakistan. In this regard, time series data has been collected from 1972 to 2009 and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is considered as dependent variable, while Gross Fixed Capital Formation (GFCF), Per Capita Health Expenditure (PCHE) and Total Generation of Electricity (TGE) used as proxy for infrastructure. After collection of data on above cited variables, stationarity of all variables checked by Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) test and found that all variables are non-stationary at their levels and become stationary at their first difference. When all the variables are integrated of same order then we applied Johensen Cointegration to detect long run association between the variables and found the there is no long run relationship exists. Then we apply Ordinary Least Square (OLS) to find short-run relation between variables and found that infrastructure is positively and significantly contri...
Pakistan being 6 th most populous country in the world has 177 million population with total fert... more Pakistan being 6 th most populous country in the world has 177 million population with total fertility rate 3.5 per woman and population growth rate 2.05 percent. Family planning indicators reflect that Pakistan has comparatively lowest position in the region as well as in Islamic countries. Population growth rate is an important determinant of current account balance, however, no previous study has checked impact of population growth on CAB in Pakistan. This study investigates the impact of population growth on current account balance as percentage of GDP (CABGDP) of Pakistan by applying Autoregressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) approach of co-integration for the period 1984-2010. The findings of the study show that increase in population growth worsens CABGDP of Pakistan in the long run. The negative sign and significance of coefficient of error correction term in the short run model also confirms long run relationship between population growth and CABGDP in Pakistan.
This study has investigated the trade openness impact on the government consumption expenditures ... more This study has investigated the trade openness impact on the government consumption expenditures of the Pakistan. This has utilized Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) for statistical analysis. The results show that increase in trade liberalization leads to increase in the government consumption expenditures and proves the Rodrik (1998) and Cemaron (1978) compensation hypothesis in Pakistan. This result concludes that Pakistan government consumption expenditures reduce volatility and risks which creates through the trade liberalization.
Inflation plays vibrant role in economic stability and is considered to be an integral component ... more Inflation plays vibrant role in economic stability and is considered to be an integral component of sound macroeconomic policies. Consumer prices are very much linked with the oil prices. A change in oil prices is assumed to be passing through to other goods prices directly or indirectly. The main objective of this study is to investigate long-run passthrough of world oil prices to domestic inflation in Pakistan using monthly data from January 2000 to December 2014. The standard Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) unit root test is applied to test the order of integration of selected variables. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach is applied to investigate long-run passthrough of world oil prices to domestic inflation in Pakistan in the presence of control variable, i.e. exchange rate. The results of the study clearly explain that in the long-run international oil prices and exchange rate significantly affect the inflation rate in Pakistan. Furthermore, oil pr...
Microfinance and entrepreneurship help as a combine tool to contribute in development. The foremo... more Microfinance and entrepreneurship help as a combine tool to contribute in development. The foremost objectives of this paper is to see the role of microfinance institutions in entrepreneurship development and also measure the level of satisfaction of microfinance institutions clients toward their respective banks considering primary source of data at district level. The sample of 150 microfinance bank clients residing in Gujrat district has been interviewed. Descriptive analysis use in this paper and also non parametric test Kruskal-Walli and Mann-Whitney test used. This study concludes that microfinance institutions play a significant role in entrepreneurship development in district Gujrat Pakistan and the clients who are taking loan from the Tameer bank they use this amount to start a business than the other ones who use it for marriage, education house building purpose etc.
This study is designed to calculate the newly introduced Gender Inequality Index for Pakistan acc... more This study is designed to calculate the newly introduced Gender Inequality Index for Pakistan according to the formula mentioned in technical notes of United Nations Development Report (2010) and then finding the impact of Social, Political and Economic Globalization on Gender Inequality Index. Time series data from 1980 to 2014 is used for Gender Inequality Index, Social, Political and Economic Globalization. Johnsons Co-integration technique is applied to investigate the impact of social, economic and political globalization on gender inequality index in Pakistan. The results of study show negative and significant relationship between economic globalization, social globalization and gender inequality index, while a negative but insignificant relationship is found between political globalization and gender inequality index. The results of the study are consistent with various theoretical and empirical studies. The policies related to globalization promotion are recommended to enric...
Gross National Happiness (GNH) Index first developed by Bhutan that is an inspiring initiative by... more Gross National Happiness (GNH) Index first developed by Bhutan that is an inspiring initiative by Bhutan's government, and much praised by the global development communities. SDGs are highly integrated with the development philosophy of gross national happiness. Happiness is actually a sense of well-being, and generally, it is being supposed that happiness is a major source of motivation. It is the earliest assumption that income can make anyone happy, but there is a number of factors that are responsible for the happiness or subjective well-being other than income. This study examined the household level of happiness of women by considering demographic, social and economic determinants in province Punjab. The happiness of women is measured through developing happiness index based upon MICS5 data. Results showed that demographic, social and economic determinants can increase the happiness of female in case of Punjab. Some dependent variables having some negative relationships with happiness while all the other independent variables are effecting the happiness of women in a positive manner. The implications based on the findings suggest that policymakers should draft focused policies to accelerate the household level wellbeing of women instead of relying only on unanimous programs for all regions.
The main aim of this research paper is to construct suitable, valid, reliable and socially realis... more The main aim of this research paper is to construct suitable, valid, reliable and socially realistic asset index at household level in Pakistan by using PDHS micro-data and to estimate the economic disparities in Pakistan by using Gini-coefficient and Palma-ratio. Further, this study has investigated the economic, demographic, cultural and social factors of asset inequality at household level in Pakistan by employing quantile regression analysis. This study elaborates the dimensional structure of the assets by presenting the results from Factor Analysis (Exploratory Factor Analysis) and Principal Component Analysis (Tetrachoric-PCA), and have applied Item Response Theory (IRT) and Classical Test Theory for reliability analysis of the index. The results show that Sindh and Baluchistan provinces are with higher asset inequalities comparing to Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Punjab. Within Punjab, district Sialkot is outperformer with lowest asset inequalities, district DG khan is ranked at top...
Human Development Index at the household level…. 3.2.4.1 Measurement of household-based human dev... more Human Development Index at the household level…. 3.2.4.1 Measurement of household-based human development index (UNDP Approach)……………………………….. 3.3 Methods for measuring Disparities……………………………………. (vi) 3.3.1 Measures for Income, Education, Health and Human Development Disparities………………………………………… 3.3.1.1 Lorenz Curve and Gini-Coefficient…………………….. 3.3.1.2 The Palma Ratio………………………………………… 3.3.1.3 Atkinson index and generalised entropy class………….. 3.4 Determinants of Human Development Disparities at Household Level; Quantile Regression Analysis…………………………………………. 3.4.1 Econometric Model…………………………………………….. 3.4.2 Description of Variables……………………………………….. 3.4.3 Estimation Method: A Quantile Regression Analysis………….. 3.4.4 A Conceptual Link and Empirical Evidence of the Relationship between Explained and Explanatory Variables………………… 3.4.4.1 Economic determinants of human development disparities………………………………………………. 3.4.4.2 Quality of life determinates of human development disparities……………………………………………….
Dr. Tanveer Ahmed Naveed Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, University of Gujrat, Paki... more Dr. Tanveer Ahmed Naveed Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, University of Gujrat, Pakistan Kamran Sarwar Department of Economics, University of Gujrat, Pakistan Muhammad Sibt e Ali PhD Scholar, School of Business, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou City, Henan, China Muhammad Saqib Irshad (Corresponding Author) Department of Economics, University of Jhang, Pakistan Email: [email protected] Muhammad Taqi M Phil Economics, School of Economics, Bahauddin Zakaryia University, Multan, Pakistan Abstract: Panel data from 2000 to 2016 will be used in this study to assess the influence of globalization on gender inequality in South Asian countries. As a proxy for gender differences, the Gender Inequality Index (GII) is utilised; for globalizations, social, political, and economic globalizations indices are also employed. The Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich created these three-dimensional indicators, while UNDP created an index of gender inequality. In order to dete...
This study has investigated the trade openness impact on the government consumption expenditures ... more This study has investigated the trade openness impact on the government consumption expenditures of the Pakistan. This has utilized Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) for statistical analysis. The results show that increase in trade liberalization leads to increase in the government consumption expenditures and proves the Rodrik (1998) and Cemaron (1978) compensation hypothesis in Pakistan. This result concludes that Pakistan government consumption expenditures reduce volatility and risks which creates through the trade liberalization.
The main objectives of this study are to construct a valid and reliable asset index at household ... more The main objectives of this study are to construct a valid and reliable asset index at household level and to estimate economic disparities in 36 districts of Punjab (Pakistan) by using Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey micro-data. An asset index may be a better measure than current income or expenditure for gauging a household’s long-term capacity for buying goods and services and its potential resilience to economic shocks. This paper provides details of the results from Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Tetrachoric Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for the dimensional structure of assets. We have applied Classical Test Theory (CTT) and Item Response Theory (IRT) in order to construct a reliable household level asset index. In Punjab, Lahore has the highest asset index score followed by Gujrat and Sialkot. Gini-coefficient index and the Palma ratio analyses show that the asset distribution in the district of Rajanpur is highly unequal.
Different theories interpret the migration differently. Difference of interpretation of migration... more Different theories interpret the migration differently. Difference of interpretation of migration depends upon the structural and conceptual framework of each approach. At the macro-level, neoclassical approach describes migration by geographic differences in the demand and supply of labor. The subsequent differences in wages cause labors to move from labor-surplus, low-wage areas to labors scarce, and high-wage areas. Other theories consider social, psychological and political factors dominating in migration decision. The objective of this study is to analyze the socioeconomic determinants of rural-urban migration in Pakistan. For this purpose primary data Labor Force Survey (LFS) 2010-11 is used. SPSS software is used for analysis; the logistic regression is applied to estimate the impact of socioeconomic determinants on rural to urban migration in Pakistan. The empirics of the study show that there is significant relationship between Employment, Agriculture landholding, Business,...
The main objective of this study is to find out impact of infrastructure on economic growth of Pa... more The main objective of this study is to find out impact of infrastructure on economic growth of Pakistan. In this regard, time series data has been collected from 1972 to 2009 and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is considered as dependent variable, while Gross Fixed Capital Formation (GFCF), Per Capita Health Expenditure (PCHE) and Total Generation of Electricity (TGE) used as proxy for infrastructure. After collection of data on above cited variables, stationarity of all variables checked by Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) test and found that all variables are non-stationary at their levels and become stationary at their first difference. When all the variables are integrated of same order then we applied Johensen Cointegration to detect long run association between the variables and found the there is no long run relationship exists. Then we apply Ordinary Least Square (OLS) to find short-run relation between variables and found that infrastructure is positively and significantly contri...
Pakistan being 6 th most populous country in the world has 177 million population with total fert... more Pakistan being 6 th most populous country in the world has 177 million population with total fertility rate 3.5 per woman and population growth rate 2.05 percent. Family planning indicators reflect that Pakistan has comparatively lowest position in the region as well as in Islamic countries. Population growth rate is an important determinant of current account balance, however, no previous study has checked impact of population growth on CAB in Pakistan. This study investigates the impact of population growth on current account balance as percentage of GDP (CABGDP) of Pakistan by applying Autoregressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) approach of co-integration for the period 1984-2010. The findings of the study show that increase in population growth worsens CABGDP of Pakistan in the long run. The negative sign and significance of coefficient of error correction term in the short run model also confirms long run relationship between population growth and CABGDP in Pakistan.
This study has investigated the trade openness impact on the government consumption expenditures ... more This study has investigated the trade openness impact on the government consumption expenditures of the Pakistan. This has utilized Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) for statistical analysis. The results show that increase in trade liberalization leads to increase in the government consumption expenditures and proves the Rodrik (1998) and Cemaron (1978) compensation hypothesis in Pakistan. This result concludes that Pakistan government consumption expenditures reduce volatility and risks which creates through the trade liberalization.
Inflation plays vibrant role in economic stability and is considered to be an integral component ... more Inflation plays vibrant role in economic stability and is considered to be an integral component of sound macroeconomic policies. Consumer prices are very much linked with the oil prices. A change in oil prices is assumed to be passing through to other goods prices directly or indirectly. The main objective of this study is to investigate long-run passthrough of world oil prices to domestic inflation in Pakistan using monthly data from January 2000 to December 2014. The standard Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) unit root test is applied to test the order of integration of selected variables. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach is applied to investigate long-run passthrough of world oil prices to domestic inflation in Pakistan in the presence of control variable, i.e. exchange rate. The results of the study clearly explain that in the long-run international oil prices and exchange rate significantly affect the inflation rate in Pakistan. Furthermore, oil pr...
Microfinance and entrepreneurship help as a combine tool to contribute in development. The foremo... more Microfinance and entrepreneurship help as a combine tool to contribute in development. The foremost objectives of this paper is to see the role of microfinance institutions in entrepreneurship development and also measure the level of satisfaction of microfinance institutions clients toward their respective banks considering primary source of data at district level. The sample of 150 microfinance bank clients residing in Gujrat district has been interviewed. Descriptive analysis use in this paper and also non parametric test Kruskal-Walli and Mann-Whitney test used. This study concludes that microfinance institutions play a significant role in entrepreneurship development in district Gujrat Pakistan and the clients who are taking loan from the Tameer bank they use this amount to start a business than the other ones who use it for marriage, education house building purpose etc.
This study is designed to calculate the newly introduced Gender Inequality Index for Pakistan acc... more This study is designed to calculate the newly introduced Gender Inequality Index for Pakistan according to the formula mentioned in technical notes of United Nations Development Report (2010) and then finding the impact of Social, Political and Economic Globalization on Gender Inequality Index. Time series data from 1980 to 2014 is used for Gender Inequality Index, Social, Political and Economic Globalization. Johnsons Co-integration technique is applied to investigate the impact of social, economic and political globalization on gender inequality index in Pakistan. The results of study show negative and significant relationship between economic globalization, social globalization and gender inequality index, while a negative but insignificant relationship is found between political globalization and gender inequality index. The results of the study are consistent with various theoretical and empirical studies. The policies related to globalization promotion are recommended to enric...
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