A espectroscopia de reflectância no infravermelho proximo (NIRS) tem sido usada como um metodo ra... more A espectroscopia de reflectância no infravermelho proximo (NIRS) tem sido usada como um metodo rapido para avaliar varios constituintes do solo. No entanto, poucos estudos tem utilizado o NIRS no estudo da textura e mineralogia de solos tropicais. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o potencial do NIRS como uma ferramenta para predicao da granulometria e da mineralogia de Latossolos desenvolvidos sobre diferentes materiais de origem, na regiao do Cerrado. Um total de 148 amostras de solo foram coletadas nas camadas de 0,0-0,2 m e 0,6-0,8 m de profundidade de solos sob pastagem da regiao do Cerrado e obtidos os espectros na faixa do infravermelho proximo em intervalos de comprimentos de onda de 2 nm. A granulometria foi determinada pelo metodo da pipeta, seguindo os procedimentos descritos nos manuais da Embrapa. A mineralogia foi determinada por analise termogravimetrica (ATG) e tambem calculada a partir dos teores totais de elementos basicos, determinados por ataque sulfurico. Os...
Determining the nutritional composition of a pasture is necessary to evaluate its quality, aiming... more Determining the nutritional composition of a pasture is necessary to evaluate its quality, aiming to meet the requirements of feeding animals and guarantee good performance. The quality of the forage biomass produced depends directly on the fertility and type of soil, environmental conditions, and management. In this scenario, the aim was to evaluate the chemical composition, in vitro digestibility of dry matter, and macro- and micronutrient contents of Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu cultivated in soils developed from basalt and sandstone in the state of Paraná. A total of 120 forage samples were collected in a soil developed from basalt and 116 in soil developed from sandstone. Forage harvesting occurred in autumn and spring for basalt soil (season effect), and in spring (soil effect) for sandstone soil. Soil samples (0–20 cm) were collected in the spring season, at the same forage collection sites, to obtain a greater sample representativity regarding climate–soil–plant relation...
The aim of this research was to evaluate two traditional N sources (urea and ammonium sulfate) an... more The aim of this research was to evaluate two traditional N sources (urea and ammonium sulfate) and an alternative one (sulfamoo â) with increasing rates (0, 40, 80, 120 and 160 kg N ha-1 , respectively) affecting aspects of upland rice crop cv. IAPAR 117. The experiment was carried out in greenhouse conditions, using a completely randomized design in 3x4 factorial scheme, with four replicates. It was evaluated the number of tillers (NT), plant mean height (PMH), dry matter of shoots (DMS), crop yield/mass of filled grains (MFG), content of N-DMS, agronomic efficiency of nitrogen (AE), mass of 100 filled grains (M100FG) and grain harvest index (GHI). The nitrogen rates application as ammonium sulfate resulted in a greater increasing of NT, DMS, MFG and N-DMS, respectively. In fact, higher agronomic efficiency obtained with urea and sulfamoo â at 40 kg N. ha-1 , although AE decreased within the higher rates of N, independently from the source. The M100FG and GHI were higher when sulfamoo â and urea were used, although the high N supply negatively affected these two variables for all N evaluated sources.
Gypsum utilization is a critical practice in agriculture because of the high solubility and conse... more Gypsum utilization is a critical practice in agriculture because of the high solubility and consequent relative neutralization of subsurface toxic aluminum. However, it has been observed that in most cases, gypsum is being randomly utilized without scientifically established parameters or even the need to use it as a soil amendment at all. The objective of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition and electrical conductivity of an Oxisol’s saturation extract under different gypsum doses (0, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, and 8.0 Mg ha-1). This experiment was conducted in a greenhouse environment. Soil columns (V = 1.57 dm3) were filled with sifted (2 mm) soil collected from the upper layer (0-20 cm). The experimental design adopted was completely randomized with five repetitions. The treatments consisted of a 5 × 2 factorial through five gypsum doses (0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, and 8.0 Mg ha-1 of gypsum consisting of 224.1 g kg-1 S, 314.8 g kg-1 CaO, and 7 g kg-1 P2O5) and two depth evaluations ...
The aim of this study was to evaluate the initial growth, nitrogen (N) uptake, and agronomic effi... more The aim of this study was to evaluate the initial growth, nitrogen (N) uptake, and agronomic efficiency after the use of N fertilizers in upland rice cultivation. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse by using pots filled with surface-layer (0 to 20 cm) soil collected from the municipality of Jaguapitã, Paraná. The experimental design was completely randomized with 4 replications. A factorial scheme of 5 × 2 was used, in which the factors were 5 N rates (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 kg ha-1 N) and 2 cultivars of rice (Fedearroz Lagunas [Colombian] and IAPAR- 9 [Brazilian]). The N sources tested were ammonium sulfate (Experiment I) and calcium nitrate (Experiment II). The following variables were evaluated: number of tillers per pot (NTP), dry mass of the shoots (DMS), N content in the dry mass (NCDM), and agronomic efficiency of N fertilizer (AEN). The data obtained in the experiments were evaluated using analysis of variance, and mean values were compared using Tukey’s test at 5% ...
The Brazilian government aims at augmenting the area cropped under no-tillage (NT) from 32 to 40 ... more The Brazilian government aims at augmenting the area cropped under no-tillage (NT) from 32 to 40 million ha by 2020 as a means to mitigate CO 2 emissions. We estimated soil carbon (C) sequestration under continuous NT systems in two municipalities in the Goiás state that are representative of the Cerrado. A chronosequence of NT fields of different age since conversion from conventional tillage (CT) was sampled in 2003 and 2011. Soil C levels of native Cerrado and pasture were measured for comparison. After about 11 to 14 years, soil C stocks under NT were highest and at the levels of those under natural Cerrado. Average annual rates of soil C sequestration estimated using the chronosequence approach were respectively 1.61 and 1.48 Mg C ha −1 yr −1 for the 2003 and 2011 sampling, and were higher than those observed using repeated sampling after eight years. The diachronic sampling revealed that the younger NT fields tended to show higher increases in soil C stocks than the older fields. Converting an extra 8 million ha of cropland from CT to NT represents an estimated soil C storage of about 8 Tg C yr −1 during 10 to 15 years.
Resumo-O trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o desempenho de cultivares de mandioca industrial sub... more Resumo-O trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o desempenho de cultivares de mandioca industrial submetidos à poda da parte aérea. O experimento foi conduzido por duas safras testando os cultivares Espeto, Fécula Branca, IAC 13, IAC 14 e IAC 15. A poda foi realizada aos doze meses de idade. Foram avaliadas as produções de raízes e de massa fresca da parte aérea. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados com quatro repetições, adotando o esquema fatorial 2x2x5 em que os fatores foram duas safras, dois níveis de poda (com e sem) e cinco cultivares. A produção de raízes variou com as cultivares e com a safra considerada. A poda reduz a produção total de massa fresca da parte aérea e aumenta a produção de raízes tuberosas das cultivares de mandioca industrial. A cultivar Fécula Branca apresentou o melhor desempenho com produtividade de 60 t/ha no primeiro cultivo. Palavras-chave: Manihot esculenta, tratos culturais, raízes tuberosas. PERFORMANCE OR INDUSTRIAL CASSAVA'S CULTIVARS UNDER THE PRUNING Summary-The objective of this work was to evaluate the performance of industrial cassava's cultivars under aerial part pruning. The experiment was conducted during two crop periods and was tested the Espeto, Fécula Branca, IAC 13, IAC 14 and IAC 15 cultivars. At twelfth month of age the pruning was made. It were evaluated the root production and the fresh aerial part mass. The experimental design used was randomized blocks with four replicates, in 2x2x5 factorial scheme in which the factorial were two harvest, two levels of pruning (with or without) and five cultivars. The pruning reduces the production of biomass of shoots and increases the roots production of the industrial cassava cultivars. The Fécula Branca cultivar had the best performance with a productivity of 60 t / ha in the first crop.
Sugarcane harvesting is predominantly mechanical because of environmental restrictions, reduced r... more Sugarcane harvesting is predominantly mechanical because of environmental restrictions, reduced requirements for manpower, and the quest for improved efficiency. Therefore, large amounts of straw remain available in the soil. Vinasse, a liquid waste, is a main byproduct of the sugar and alcohol industry, in addition to sugarcane straw. Both accumulate in sugarcane fields; however, the effects of their interaction are unclear. In this study, the effects of applications of sugarcane straw and vinasse on the pH and the potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) concentrations of a dystroferric Red Nitosol with a high base saturation were examined. The profiles of soil samples from sugarcane plantations collected at depths of 0-0.05, 0.05-0.10, 0.10-0.20 and 0.20-0,30 m were reproduced in 64 polyvinyl chloride (PVC) columns with dimensions of 0.036 × 0.30 m (diameter × height). The soils were treated with doses of 0, 125, 250, and 500 m 3 ha-1 sugarcane vinasse and 0, 3, 6, and 9 t ha-1 sugarcane straw and incubated for 60 days. Following the analysis, by layer, the data were subjected to analysis of variance by partitioning the degrees of freedom into orthogonal polynomials. The pH and the Ca, Mg, and K concentrations increased throughout the soil profile upon vinasse application. An acid-base imbalance was observed in the topsoil layers in association with the high K saturation. The application of sugarcane straw enhanced the effects of the vinasse across all of the depths analyzed but did not increase the pH. The best results were obtained when applying a dose of 300 m 3 ha-1 vinasse and 6 t ha-1 sugarcane straw.
Boletim do Centro de Pesquisa de Processamento de Alimentos, 1988
Raízes de doze cultivares de batata-doce, colhidas em 1985 após um ciclo vegetativo, foram utiliz... more Raízes de doze cultivares de batata-doce, colhidas em 1985 após um ciclo vegetativo, foram utilizadas para processamento de farinha, que apresentaram teores médios de 46,0% de amido, 4,64% de proteína, 1,88% de fibras, 2,77% de cinzas, 1,34% de extrato etéreo e 2,08 de pectina. No caldo, extraído por prensagem mecânica e com teor médio de sólidos solúveis totais de 10,8 BRIX, foram detectadas atividades enzimáticas de hidrólise de amido e de oxidação de polifenois. Em função das características estudadas, as variedades foram avaliadas como matéria-prima para indústrias de processamento de farinha, de doces de massa e de fermentação alcoólica, bem como produto final para consumo de mesa.
Deficiências ou excessos de micronutrientes no solo pode ser diagnosticada por diversos procedime... more Deficiências ou excessos de micronutrientes no solo pode ser diagnosticada por diversos procedimentos. Dentre estes se destaca a análise química, uma vez que possibilita a avaliação prévia da disponibilidade destes nutrientes para as plantas. Apesar de muitos laboratórios realizarem análises para micronutrientes em amostras de solo, a falta de padronização de procedimentos metodológicos pode comprometer a comparação de resultados. Uniformizar procedimentos analíticos é uma necessidade indiscutível, quando se pretende garantir qualidade e credibilidade aos resultados. Este estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de comparar procedimentos analíticos, visando contribuir com novos conhecimentos para definição e padronização metodológica para análises químicas de micronutrientes em amostras de solo. A decantação por dezesseis horas e a filtração com papel Whatman nº 42, resultaram na determinação de teores diferentes para os micronutrientes ferro, cobre, zinco e manganês em amostras de solo, não possibilitando uso alternativo. A escolha de um destes procedimentos deve resultar em uma padronização para todos os laboratórios participantes da rede de controle de qualidade.
Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar e comparar a capacidade de extração dos extratores Mehli... more Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar e comparar a capacidade de extração dos extratores Mehlich-1 e DTPA (ácidodietilenotriaminopentaacético) para análises dos micronutrientes zinco, cobre e manganês. Foram utilizadas amostras superficiais coletadas da camada de 0-20 cm de um LVd - Latossolo Vermelho Distrófico, textura franco arenosa do município de Mamborê, PR. Após secagem ao ar, as amostras foram moídas e peneiradas (2 mm) e posteriormente submetidas a análises físicas e químicas. Nos extratos obtidos, os micronutrientes foram quantificados por espectrofotometria de absorção atômica. O delineamento experimental empregado foi o inteiramente casualizado com dois tratamentos e vinte repetições. Os coeficientes de correlação entre os extratores Mehlich-1 e DTPA (0,93; 0,88; 0,75 para zinco, manganês e cobre respectivamente), foram todos significativos, indicando que ambos extratores podem ser utilizados na quantificação destes nutrientes. No entanto, o uso da solução extratora M...
This study has been developed to evaluate the influence of applying different types and doses of ... more This study has been developed to evaluate the influence of applying different types and doses of crop residues on potassium (K) mobility in soil columns. Rhodic Haplustox samples were collected at depths of 0.0-0.10, 0.10-0.20 and 0.20-0.30 m and used to create such soil columns, keeping the same profile distribution. The experimental design was randomized with three replications and the tested treatments were organized in a 4x4 factorial arrangement: 4 types of crop residues (brachiaria+sunflower; Mix (cultivated radish+oat+winter vetch); cultivated radish and wheat) and 4 doses of residues (0, 10, 15, and 20 Mg ha-1). The grinded and dried residues were applied to the surface of the columns, which were then irrigated with distilled water and incubated for 10 days to stabilize the reactions. After incubation, the soil columns were disassembled and separated into 0.
Estudar os solos do Estado do Amapá é uma necessidade urgente dada a redução de produção observad... more Estudar os solos do Estado do Amapá é uma necessidade urgente dada a redução de produção observada naquele estado devido, principalmente, ao êxodo rural. Este trabalho foi conduzido com o objetivo de agrupar os solos dos municípios do Estado do Amapá, utilizando-se resultados analíticos de amostras coletadas no período de 1993 a 2003. As análises de componentes principais e a classificação hierárquica possibilitaram o agrupamento dos municípios do estado em quatro grupos diferentes, considerando a similaridade entre as propriedades químicas do solo. A baixa disponibilidade de fósforo, acidez elevada, altos teores de alumínio trocável, baixa soma de bases e baixos valores para a saturação por bases, foram as principais restrições encontradas para o aproveitamento agrícola dos solos do Estado do Amapá. Nos municípios de Cutias e Mazagão (grupo) a fertilidade do solo foi considerada mais desfavorável ao aproveitamento agrícola, enquanto que nos municípios de Laranjal do Jarí, Macapá, Pedra Branca, Santana e Serra do Navio (grupo) e Amapá, Ferreira Gomes, Oiapoque e Vitória do Jarí (grupo) a fertilidade do solo foi considerada favorável em relação aos outros grupos.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationships between the spectra in the Vis-NIR ... more The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationships between the spectra in the Vis-NIR range and the soil P concentrations obtained from the P M and P rem extraction methods as well as the effects of these relationships on the construction of models predicting P concentration in Oxisols. Soil samples' spectra and their P M and P rem extraction solutions were determined for the Vis-NIR region between 400 and 2500 nm. Mineralogy and/or organic matter content act as primary attributes allowing correlation of these soil phosphorus fractions with the spectra, mainly at wavelengths between 450-550, 900-1100 nm, near 1400 nm and between 2200-2300 nm. However, the regression models generated were not suitable for quantitative phosphate analysis. Solubilization of organic matter and reactions during the P M extraction process hindered correlations between the spectra and these P soil fractions. For P rem ,, the presence of Ca in the extractant and preferential adsorption by gibbsite and iron oxides, particularly goethite, obscured correlations with the spectra.
Over the last few years, there has been a decrease in the production of the dry bean crop in Braz... more Over the last few years, there has been a decrease in the production of the dry bean crop in Brazil, which has occured mainly due to the low technological level employed. (Merchant et al., 1999; Straliotto et al., 2002). Accordingly, nitrogen has been a major limiting factor to the productivity in Brazil. The dry bean plants associated with rhizobia through the symbiotic process can take advantage of this supply of nitrogen, without the cost burden of culture production, establishing an environmentally sustainable process. Although the strains of rhizobium currently recommended for inoculation of bean plants can produce significant increases in productivity, its potential of biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) still is limited to certain environmental conditions and cultivars of bean. This study aimed to evaluate the nodulation and efficiency of symbiotic bean plants inoculated with different isolates of rhizobium soil obtained from various regions of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.
The Oxisols of the Cerrado region have a simple mineralogy, and are composed mainly of kaolinite ... more The Oxisols of the Cerrado region have a simple mineralogy, and are composed mainly of kaolinite and iron and aluminium oxides. The aim of this work was to perform a sequential extraction of iron and aluminium and to relate them to texture, mineralogy and organic carbon in Oxisols of the Cerrado region. The soil samples, 35 in total, were taken from the 0-20 cm layer in Oxisols under pasture located in the Brazilian Cerrado Region. The levels of iron and aluminum extracted by full attack, dithionite-citrate-bicarbonate, ammonium oxalate and sodium pyrophosphate were analyzed according to the textural classes using the Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric test. Then these data were related to the mineralogy and organic carbon through a principal component analysis. Whatever the textures, iron oxides of high degree of crystallinity were the main form of iron and are positively correlated with the iron total content. The aluminum oxides have a high afinity to organic carbon than iron oxides. The ARTIGOS/ARTICLES AGRONOMIA 1658 Semina: Ciências Agrárias, Londrina, v. 32, suplemento 1, p. 1657-1666, 2011 Vendrame, P. R. S. et al.
High acidity and aluminium saturation are among the main limiting factors for crop production in ... more High acidity and aluminium saturation are among the main limiting factors for crop production in tropical soils. The aim of this work was to measure the acidity of Latosols under pastures in the Brazilian Cerrado and to assess the influence of clay mineralogy as a controlling parameter of soil acidity. Topsoils (n = 73, 0–0.2m depth) of Latosols developed on different parent materials were sampled in two sub-regions of the Cerrado region. The main chemical characteristics were determined by standard procedures, and kaolinite and gibbsite contents were determined by dissolution with sulfuric acid and thermogravimetric analyses. The exchangeable concentrations of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and potassium (K) varied considerably among soil samples, with ranges of 0–13.9 cmolc kg–1 (mean�standard deviation 1.77�1.91 cmolc kg–1) for Ca; 0.2–3.2 cmolc kg–1 (1.13�0.68 cmolc kg–1) for Mg; and 0–1.0 cmolc kg–1 (0.24�0.24 cmolc kg–1) for K. The mean concentration of exchangeable aluminium (...
A espectroscopia de reflectância no infravermelho proximo (NIRS) tem sido usada como um metodo ra... more A espectroscopia de reflectância no infravermelho proximo (NIRS) tem sido usada como um metodo rapido para avaliar varios constituintes do solo. No entanto, poucos estudos tem utilizado o NIRS no estudo da textura e mineralogia de solos tropicais. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o potencial do NIRS como uma ferramenta para predicao da granulometria e da mineralogia de Latossolos desenvolvidos sobre diferentes materiais de origem, na regiao do Cerrado. Um total de 148 amostras de solo foram coletadas nas camadas de 0,0-0,2 m e 0,6-0,8 m de profundidade de solos sob pastagem da regiao do Cerrado e obtidos os espectros na faixa do infravermelho proximo em intervalos de comprimentos de onda de 2 nm. A granulometria foi determinada pelo metodo da pipeta, seguindo os procedimentos descritos nos manuais da Embrapa. A mineralogia foi determinada por analise termogravimetrica (ATG) e tambem calculada a partir dos teores totais de elementos basicos, determinados por ataque sulfurico. Os...
Determining the nutritional composition of a pasture is necessary to evaluate its quality, aiming... more Determining the nutritional composition of a pasture is necessary to evaluate its quality, aiming to meet the requirements of feeding animals and guarantee good performance. The quality of the forage biomass produced depends directly on the fertility and type of soil, environmental conditions, and management. In this scenario, the aim was to evaluate the chemical composition, in vitro digestibility of dry matter, and macro- and micronutrient contents of Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu cultivated in soils developed from basalt and sandstone in the state of Paraná. A total of 120 forage samples were collected in a soil developed from basalt and 116 in soil developed from sandstone. Forage harvesting occurred in autumn and spring for basalt soil (season effect), and in spring (soil effect) for sandstone soil. Soil samples (0–20 cm) were collected in the spring season, at the same forage collection sites, to obtain a greater sample representativity regarding climate–soil–plant relation...
The aim of this research was to evaluate two traditional N sources (urea and ammonium sulfate) an... more The aim of this research was to evaluate two traditional N sources (urea and ammonium sulfate) and an alternative one (sulfamoo â) with increasing rates (0, 40, 80, 120 and 160 kg N ha-1 , respectively) affecting aspects of upland rice crop cv. IAPAR 117. The experiment was carried out in greenhouse conditions, using a completely randomized design in 3x4 factorial scheme, with four replicates. It was evaluated the number of tillers (NT), plant mean height (PMH), dry matter of shoots (DMS), crop yield/mass of filled grains (MFG), content of N-DMS, agronomic efficiency of nitrogen (AE), mass of 100 filled grains (M100FG) and grain harvest index (GHI). The nitrogen rates application as ammonium sulfate resulted in a greater increasing of NT, DMS, MFG and N-DMS, respectively. In fact, higher agronomic efficiency obtained with urea and sulfamoo â at 40 kg N. ha-1 , although AE decreased within the higher rates of N, independently from the source. The M100FG and GHI were higher when sulfamoo â and urea were used, although the high N supply negatively affected these two variables for all N evaluated sources.
Gypsum utilization is a critical practice in agriculture because of the high solubility and conse... more Gypsum utilization is a critical practice in agriculture because of the high solubility and consequent relative neutralization of subsurface toxic aluminum. However, it has been observed that in most cases, gypsum is being randomly utilized without scientifically established parameters or even the need to use it as a soil amendment at all. The objective of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition and electrical conductivity of an Oxisol’s saturation extract under different gypsum doses (0, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, and 8.0 Mg ha-1). This experiment was conducted in a greenhouse environment. Soil columns (V = 1.57 dm3) were filled with sifted (2 mm) soil collected from the upper layer (0-20 cm). The experimental design adopted was completely randomized with five repetitions. The treatments consisted of a 5 × 2 factorial through five gypsum doses (0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, and 8.0 Mg ha-1 of gypsum consisting of 224.1 g kg-1 S, 314.8 g kg-1 CaO, and 7 g kg-1 P2O5) and two depth evaluations ...
The aim of this study was to evaluate the initial growth, nitrogen (N) uptake, and agronomic effi... more The aim of this study was to evaluate the initial growth, nitrogen (N) uptake, and agronomic efficiency after the use of N fertilizers in upland rice cultivation. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse by using pots filled with surface-layer (0 to 20 cm) soil collected from the municipality of Jaguapitã, Paraná. The experimental design was completely randomized with 4 replications. A factorial scheme of 5 × 2 was used, in which the factors were 5 N rates (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 kg ha-1 N) and 2 cultivars of rice (Fedearroz Lagunas [Colombian] and IAPAR- 9 [Brazilian]). The N sources tested were ammonium sulfate (Experiment I) and calcium nitrate (Experiment II). The following variables were evaluated: number of tillers per pot (NTP), dry mass of the shoots (DMS), N content in the dry mass (NCDM), and agronomic efficiency of N fertilizer (AEN). The data obtained in the experiments were evaluated using analysis of variance, and mean values were compared using Tukey’s test at 5% ...
The Brazilian government aims at augmenting the area cropped under no-tillage (NT) from 32 to 40 ... more The Brazilian government aims at augmenting the area cropped under no-tillage (NT) from 32 to 40 million ha by 2020 as a means to mitigate CO 2 emissions. We estimated soil carbon (C) sequestration under continuous NT systems in two municipalities in the Goiás state that are representative of the Cerrado. A chronosequence of NT fields of different age since conversion from conventional tillage (CT) was sampled in 2003 and 2011. Soil C levels of native Cerrado and pasture were measured for comparison. After about 11 to 14 years, soil C stocks under NT were highest and at the levels of those under natural Cerrado. Average annual rates of soil C sequestration estimated using the chronosequence approach were respectively 1.61 and 1.48 Mg C ha −1 yr −1 for the 2003 and 2011 sampling, and were higher than those observed using repeated sampling after eight years. The diachronic sampling revealed that the younger NT fields tended to show higher increases in soil C stocks than the older fields. Converting an extra 8 million ha of cropland from CT to NT represents an estimated soil C storage of about 8 Tg C yr −1 during 10 to 15 years.
Resumo-O trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o desempenho de cultivares de mandioca industrial sub... more Resumo-O trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o desempenho de cultivares de mandioca industrial submetidos à poda da parte aérea. O experimento foi conduzido por duas safras testando os cultivares Espeto, Fécula Branca, IAC 13, IAC 14 e IAC 15. A poda foi realizada aos doze meses de idade. Foram avaliadas as produções de raízes e de massa fresca da parte aérea. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados com quatro repetições, adotando o esquema fatorial 2x2x5 em que os fatores foram duas safras, dois níveis de poda (com e sem) e cinco cultivares. A produção de raízes variou com as cultivares e com a safra considerada. A poda reduz a produção total de massa fresca da parte aérea e aumenta a produção de raízes tuberosas das cultivares de mandioca industrial. A cultivar Fécula Branca apresentou o melhor desempenho com produtividade de 60 t/ha no primeiro cultivo. Palavras-chave: Manihot esculenta, tratos culturais, raízes tuberosas. PERFORMANCE OR INDUSTRIAL CASSAVA'S CULTIVARS UNDER THE PRUNING Summary-The objective of this work was to evaluate the performance of industrial cassava's cultivars under aerial part pruning. The experiment was conducted during two crop periods and was tested the Espeto, Fécula Branca, IAC 13, IAC 14 and IAC 15 cultivars. At twelfth month of age the pruning was made. It were evaluated the root production and the fresh aerial part mass. The experimental design used was randomized blocks with four replicates, in 2x2x5 factorial scheme in which the factorial were two harvest, two levels of pruning (with or without) and five cultivars. The pruning reduces the production of biomass of shoots and increases the roots production of the industrial cassava cultivars. The Fécula Branca cultivar had the best performance with a productivity of 60 t / ha in the first crop.
Sugarcane harvesting is predominantly mechanical because of environmental restrictions, reduced r... more Sugarcane harvesting is predominantly mechanical because of environmental restrictions, reduced requirements for manpower, and the quest for improved efficiency. Therefore, large amounts of straw remain available in the soil. Vinasse, a liquid waste, is a main byproduct of the sugar and alcohol industry, in addition to sugarcane straw. Both accumulate in sugarcane fields; however, the effects of their interaction are unclear. In this study, the effects of applications of sugarcane straw and vinasse on the pH and the potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) concentrations of a dystroferric Red Nitosol with a high base saturation were examined. The profiles of soil samples from sugarcane plantations collected at depths of 0-0.05, 0.05-0.10, 0.10-0.20 and 0.20-0,30 m were reproduced in 64 polyvinyl chloride (PVC) columns with dimensions of 0.036 × 0.30 m (diameter × height). The soils were treated with doses of 0, 125, 250, and 500 m 3 ha-1 sugarcane vinasse and 0, 3, 6, and 9 t ha-1 sugarcane straw and incubated for 60 days. Following the analysis, by layer, the data were subjected to analysis of variance by partitioning the degrees of freedom into orthogonal polynomials. The pH and the Ca, Mg, and K concentrations increased throughout the soil profile upon vinasse application. An acid-base imbalance was observed in the topsoil layers in association with the high K saturation. The application of sugarcane straw enhanced the effects of the vinasse across all of the depths analyzed but did not increase the pH. The best results were obtained when applying a dose of 300 m 3 ha-1 vinasse and 6 t ha-1 sugarcane straw.
Boletim do Centro de Pesquisa de Processamento de Alimentos, 1988
Raízes de doze cultivares de batata-doce, colhidas em 1985 após um ciclo vegetativo, foram utiliz... more Raízes de doze cultivares de batata-doce, colhidas em 1985 após um ciclo vegetativo, foram utilizadas para processamento de farinha, que apresentaram teores médios de 46,0% de amido, 4,64% de proteína, 1,88% de fibras, 2,77% de cinzas, 1,34% de extrato etéreo e 2,08 de pectina. No caldo, extraído por prensagem mecânica e com teor médio de sólidos solúveis totais de 10,8 BRIX, foram detectadas atividades enzimáticas de hidrólise de amido e de oxidação de polifenois. Em função das características estudadas, as variedades foram avaliadas como matéria-prima para indústrias de processamento de farinha, de doces de massa e de fermentação alcoólica, bem como produto final para consumo de mesa.
Deficiências ou excessos de micronutrientes no solo pode ser diagnosticada por diversos procedime... more Deficiências ou excessos de micronutrientes no solo pode ser diagnosticada por diversos procedimentos. Dentre estes se destaca a análise química, uma vez que possibilita a avaliação prévia da disponibilidade destes nutrientes para as plantas. Apesar de muitos laboratórios realizarem análises para micronutrientes em amostras de solo, a falta de padronização de procedimentos metodológicos pode comprometer a comparação de resultados. Uniformizar procedimentos analíticos é uma necessidade indiscutível, quando se pretende garantir qualidade e credibilidade aos resultados. Este estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de comparar procedimentos analíticos, visando contribuir com novos conhecimentos para definição e padronização metodológica para análises químicas de micronutrientes em amostras de solo. A decantação por dezesseis horas e a filtração com papel Whatman nº 42, resultaram na determinação de teores diferentes para os micronutrientes ferro, cobre, zinco e manganês em amostras de solo, não possibilitando uso alternativo. A escolha de um destes procedimentos deve resultar em uma padronização para todos os laboratórios participantes da rede de controle de qualidade.
Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar e comparar a capacidade de extração dos extratores Mehli... more Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar e comparar a capacidade de extração dos extratores Mehlich-1 e DTPA (ácidodietilenotriaminopentaacético) para análises dos micronutrientes zinco, cobre e manganês. Foram utilizadas amostras superficiais coletadas da camada de 0-20 cm de um LVd - Latossolo Vermelho Distrófico, textura franco arenosa do município de Mamborê, PR. Após secagem ao ar, as amostras foram moídas e peneiradas (2 mm) e posteriormente submetidas a análises físicas e químicas. Nos extratos obtidos, os micronutrientes foram quantificados por espectrofotometria de absorção atômica. O delineamento experimental empregado foi o inteiramente casualizado com dois tratamentos e vinte repetições. Os coeficientes de correlação entre os extratores Mehlich-1 e DTPA (0,93; 0,88; 0,75 para zinco, manganês e cobre respectivamente), foram todos significativos, indicando que ambos extratores podem ser utilizados na quantificação destes nutrientes. No entanto, o uso da solução extratora M...
This study has been developed to evaluate the influence of applying different types and doses of ... more This study has been developed to evaluate the influence of applying different types and doses of crop residues on potassium (K) mobility in soil columns. Rhodic Haplustox samples were collected at depths of 0.0-0.10, 0.10-0.20 and 0.20-0.30 m and used to create such soil columns, keeping the same profile distribution. The experimental design was randomized with three replications and the tested treatments were organized in a 4x4 factorial arrangement: 4 types of crop residues (brachiaria+sunflower; Mix (cultivated radish+oat+winter vetch); cultivated radish and wheat) and 4 doses of residues (0, 10, 15, and 20 Mg ha-1). The grinded and dried residues were applied to the surface of the columns, which were then irrigated with distilled water and incubated for 10 days to stabilize the reactions. After incubation, the soil columns were disassembled and separated into 0.
Estudar os solos do Estado do Amapá é uma necessidade urgente dada a redução de produção observad... more Estudar os solos do Estado do Amapá é uma necessidade urgente dada a redução de produção observada naquele estado devido, principalmente, ao êxodo rural. Este trabalho foi conduzido com o objetivo de agrupar os solos dos municípios do Estado do Amapá, utilizando-se resultados analíticos de amostras coletadas no período de 1993 a 2003. As análises de componentes principais e a classificação hierárquica possibilitaram o agrupamento dos municípios do estado em quatro grupos diferentes, considerando a similaridade entre as propriedades químicas do solo. A baixa disponibilidade de fósforo, acidez elevada, altos teores de alumínio trocável, baixa soma de bases e baixos valores para a saturação por bases, foram as principais restrições encontradas para o aproveitamento agrícola dos solos do Estado do Amapá. Nos municípios de Cutias e Mazagão (grupo) a fertilidade do solo foi considerada mais desfavorável ao aproveitamento agrícola, enquanto que nos municípios de Laranjal do Jarí, Macapá, Pedra Branca, Santana e Serra do Navio (grupo) e Amapá, Ferreira Gomes, Oiapoque e Vitória do Jarí (grupo) a fertilidade do solo foi considerada favorável em relação aos outros grupos.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationships between the spectra in the Vis-NIR ... more The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationships between the spectra in the Vis-NIR range and the soil P concentrations obtained from the P M and P rem extraction methods as well as the effects of these relationships on the construction of models predicting P concentration in Oxisols. Soil samples' spectra and their P M and P rem extraction solutions were determined for the Vis-NIR region between 400 and 2500 nm. Mineralogy and/or organic matter content act as primary attributes allowing correlation of these soil phosphorus fractions with the spectra, mainly at wavelengths between 450-550, 900-1100 nm, near 1400 nm and between 2200-2300 nm. However, the regression models generated were not suitable for quantitative phosphate analysis. Solubilization of organic matter and reactions during the P M extraction process hindered correlations between the spectra and these P soil fractions. For P rem ,, the presence of Ca in the extractant and preferential adsorption by gibbsite and iron oxides, particularly goethite, obscured correlations with the spectra.
Over the last few years, there has been a decrease in the production of the dry bean crop in Braz... more Over the last few years, there has been a decrease in the production of the dry bean crop in Brazil, which has occured mainly due to the low technological level employed. (Merchant et al., 1999; Straliotto et al., 2002). Accordingly, nitrogen has been a major limiting factor to the productivity in Brazil. The dry bean plants associated with rhizobia through the symbiotic process can take advantage of this supply of nitrogen, without the cost burden of culture production, establishing an environmentally sustainable process. Although the strains of rhizobium currently recommended for inoculation of bean plants can produce significant increases in productivity, its potential of biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) still is limited to certain environmental conditions and cultivars of bean. This study aimed to evaluate the nodulation and efficiency of symbiotic bean plants inoculated with different isolates of rhizobium soil obtained from various regions of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.
The Oxisols of the Cerrado region have a simple mineralogy, and are composed mainly of kaolinite ... more The Oxisols of the Cerrado region have a simple mineralogy, and are composed mainly of kaolinite and iron and aluminium oxides. The aim of this work was to perform a sequential extraction of iron and aluminium and to relate them to texture, mineralogy and organic carbon in Oxisols of the Cerrado region. The soil samples, 35 in total, were taken from the 0-20 cm layer in Oxisols under pasture located in the Brazilian Cerrado Region. The levels of iron and aluminum extracted by full attack, dithionite-citrate-bicarbonate, ammonium oxalate and sodium pyrophosphate were analyzed according to the textural classes using the Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric test. Then these data were related to the mineralogy and organic carbon through a principal component analysis. Whatever the textures, iron oxides of high degree of crystallinity were the main form of iron and are positively correlated with the iron total content. The aluminum oxides have a high afinity to organic carbon than iron oxides. The ARTIGOS/ARTICLES AGRONOMIA 1658 Semina: Ciências Agrárias, Londrina, v. 32, suplemento 1, p. 1657-1666, 2011 Vendrame, P. R. S. et al.
High acidity and aluminium saturation are among the main limiting factors for crop production in ... more High acidity and aluminium saturation are among the main limiting factors for crop production in tropical soils. The aim of this work was to measure the acidity of Latosols under pastures in the Brazilian Cerrado and to assess the influence of clay mineralogy as a controlling parameter of soil acidity. Topsoils (n = 73, 0–0.2m depth) of Latosols developed on different parent materials were sampled in two sub-regions of the Cerrado region. The main chemical characteristics were determined by standard procedures, and kaolinite and gibbsite contents were determined by dissolution with sulfuric acid and thermogravimetric analyses. The exchangeable concentrations of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and potassium (K) varied considerably among soil samples, with ranges of 0–13.9 cmolc kg–1 (mean�standard deviation 1.77�1.91 cmolc kg–1) for Ca; 0.2–3.2 cmolc kg–1 (1.13�0.68 cmolc kg–1) for Mg; and 0–1.0 cmolc kg–1 (0.24�0.24 cmolc kg–1) for K. The mean concentration of exchangeable aluminium (...
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