Papers by Jonathan D Leaver
IEA Hydrogen Technology Programme, Sep 1, 2020
P2X pathway definitions has the aim to clarify terminologies that are often used but with differe... more P2X pathway definitions has the aim to clarify terminologies that are often used but with different meanings or intentions which leads to misunderstanding and ambiguity. The Task Force Definitions have addressed this issue in the first chapter of this document, clarifying the terminologies adopted for the rest of the document. Once the hydrogen pathways from the production step to the application side are defined, the current hydrogen status is inspected. As numerous its energy applications are, hydrogen is mainly used today as a chemical component in industries like ammonia production and refineries. The energy related hydrogen pathways are currently mainly seen through demonstration projects. The Power to X demos around the world is reviewed and analysed within the framework of ST2. The results show that the investigated pathways are diversified with a recent trend towards hydrogen industrial applications attracting interes
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2018
This paper was prepared under Motu's Shaping New Zealand's Low-Emission Future programme, with fu... more This paper was prepared under Motu's Shaping New Zealand's Low-Emission Future programme, with funding support from the Ministry for Primary Industries and the Aotearoa Foundation. It was informed by the Motu Researcher Workshop on Cross-sectoral Climate Change Mitigation Modelling held in Wellington on 1 May 2018, and we gratefully acknowledge the contributions by presenters and other participants in that process. We also wish to acknowledge the following people, who contributed to and reviewed parts of this paper: Conrad MacCormick from the Electricity Authority and the Ministry for Business, Innovation and Employment's Markets Team. Disclaimer Contributions to the researcher workshop and this report were made in individuals' personal capacity and their inclusion in this paper does not imply any recommendation, consensus or endorsement by all participants, their affiliated organisations or the programme funders. While every effort has been made to ensure the information in this publication is accurate, the Ministry for Primary Industries does not accept any responsibility or liability for error of fact, omission, interpretation or opinion that may be present, nor for the consequences of any decisions based on this information.
Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, Aug 25, 2020
This paper examines the impact on the life cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reduction when fo... more This paper examines the impact on the life cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reduction when fossil-fueled ICE gasoline, diesel and natural gas vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) are banned in a step-by-step manner from 2035. We examine the impact of vehicle bans on life cycle GHG emissions and on the marginal cost (MC) of emissions reduction using four different scenarios defined by hydrogen production method, renewable energy share, and infrastructure development for refueling stations. The vehicle penetration and the fuel demand are determined by a consumer choice model characterized by a multinomial logit algorithm. Our analysis found that vehicle bans significantly promote battery electric vehicles (BEVs) for mini-sized vehicles and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) for light and heavyduty vehicles. A vehicle ban that excludes BEVs and FCVs from 2035 under an enhanced infrastructure plan can reduce the life cycle GHG emissions as much as 438 million tonnes by 2060 compared to the 2017 level. The MC of the life cycle GHG mitigation decreases continuously and reaches as low as $482 per tonne CO2eq in 2060. However, if PHEVs are excluded from the ban, the life cycle GHG emissions are reduced more by 88 Mt-CO2eq in 2060 at a lower MC of $122 per tonne CO2eq. This is due to decreases in GHG emissions from VP where the replacement of PHEVs for BEVs and FCVs reduces the production of batteries and fuel cells.
Energy Policy, Jul 1, 2019
This paper examines transitioning to low carbon vehicles such as battery electric vehicles (BEVs)... more This paper examines transitioning to low carbon vehicles such as battery electric vehicles (BEVs), hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (FCVs), and natural gas vehicles (NGVs) for curbing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in Japan. Infrastructure development for fuel charging stations for BEVs, FCVs and NGVs and the carbon tax are evaluated as policy measures to promote these vehicle fleets as well as the reduction in the life cycle GHG emissions. Our analysis uses the newly developed Japanese multi-regional partial equilibrium system dynamics model UniSyD_JP. The energy supply sector consists of fossil fuels, nuclear energy, renewable energy and hydrogen and the nation's energy demand is projected by the expected population growth and the GDP outlook. The energy demand for the transport sector is endogenously determined by a consumer's vehicle choice characterized by the multinomial logit model. We examine five scenarios for different mixes of infrastructure development, carbon tax and projected oil price. The transition paths to a low carbon vehicle fleet are explored for the period of 2016-2060. We found that infrastructure development increases the penetration of FCVs and NGVs, but it will not reduce the life cycle GHG emissions. Significant emissions reduction requires both infrastructure development and high carbon taxes.
This report represents a compilation of work prepared under Objective 6: Carbon to Hydrogen Energ... more This report represents a compilation of work prepared under Objective 6: Carbon to Hydrogen Energy – Proof of Concept of FRST contract C08X0204.
This report represents a compilation of work prepared under Objective 6: Carbon to Hydrogen Energ... more This report represents a compilation of work prepared under Objective 6: Carbon to Hydrogen Energy – Proof of Concept of FRST contract C08X0204
Energies, Nov 12, 2022
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
Professional and practice-based learning, 2022
Motivation: Climate Targets Power-to-X Pathways: Core Elements of Future Energy Systems Task 38 o... more Motivation: Climate Targets Power-to-X Pathways: Core Elements of Future Energy Systems Task 38 of the IEA H2 TCP: Power-to-Hydrogen and Hydrogen-to-X Task 38 of the IEA H2 TCP : Power-to-Hydrogen and Hydrogen-to-X: System Analysis of the techno-economic, legal and regulatory conditions Literature Review: Approach Selected Results of Review 1 to 5 Literature Review: Identified Target Markets Literature review: Target Market -Transportation Literature Review: Target Market – Synthetic Methane and H2 Feed-in Literature Review: Target Market – Power-to-Power Summary Lessons Learned: Guideline for Author
IEA Hydrogen TCP – Strategic Framework 2015-2020 EVOLVING CONTEXT: Over the past five years the l... more IEA Hydrogen TCP – Strategic Framework 2015-2020 EVOLVING CONTEXT: Over the past five years the landscape for hydrogen has changed ; momentum has accelerated dramatically in the last two years EVOLVING CONTEXT: Industry and markets - early markets for multiple applications show promise Key task findings/results, lessons learned & success stories OUTREACH PRODUCTS & ACTIVITIES IEA Hydrogen Member Update Table on website contains: recent in-country developments/update on policy; highlights; other news Key Hydrogen TCP Metrics Hydrogen TCP Impact on IEA Strategic Framework for 2020-2025: overarching objectives Strategic framework: vision, mission, strategy & themes and portfolios Strategic framework: priorities for RD&D, analysis & awareness/acceptance 2020-2025 Work Programme current & proposed/potential approach IEA Hydrogen roadmap forward IEA Hydrogen Report – funded by Japan; released mid-June 2019 for G20 REWP CERT Questionnaire CERT procedure for a Technology Collaboration Programme request for extensio
Transition to a low-carbon economy for New Zealand | 2016 'Lowering greenhouse gas emissions will... more Transition to a low-carbon economy for New Zealand | 2016 'Lowering greenhouse gas emissions will require changes in patterns of production and consumption, but need not reduce well-being.' This current study provides a detailed assessment of the numerous mitigation actions that exist to lower our GHG emissions over the next few decades but starting now.
Overview UniSyD Background UniSyD Structure Case Study & Sample Results Conclusion
1. Location 2. History of H2 events to date in New Zealand 3. Industry links 4. Proposed organisa... more 1. Location 2. History of H2 events to date in New Zealand 3. Industry links 4. Proposed organisational structure. 5. Unitec Centre for Hydrogen Energy Technologies in Industry (HETI) 6. Three H2 focussed projects 7. Conclusio
Renewable Energy, 2020
Abstract The aim of this paper was to understand the relevance of accounting for geothermal resou... more Abstract The aim of this paper was to understand the relevance of accounting for geothermal resource dynamics for sustainable energy system planning in Iceland. This included assessing the implications of transition to electric vehicles as a decarbonisation strategy in Iceland. Therefore, the energy and transport system model (UniSyD_IS) was linked to a geothermal resource dynamics model. This allowed to capture the effects of geothermal resource utilization for electricity production on a national energy systems level. A total of 16 different scenarios that vary in the rate of economic growth, conditions for electric vehicles and consideration of geothermal resource dynamics were analysed in relation to production patterns, cost, resource availability and emissions. Incorporating geothermal resource dynamics allows to provide more holistic insights for sustainable energy system planning in Iceland, especially regarding the availability of geothermal resources and production cost.
Sustainable Energy & Fuels, 2019
It is puzzling that hydrogen is not prominent in global energy scenarios: this perspective invest... more It is puzzling that hydrogen is not prominent in global energy scenarios: this perspective investigates why and what can be done.
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2019
Sector coupling frequently considered pathway, from a legal standpoint, is using hydrogen for mob... more Sector coupling frequently considered pathway, from a legal standpoint, is using hydrogen for mobility applications. Only a few countries are implementing legal frameworks for diverse hydrogen applications.
Journal of Cleaner Production, 2017
Integrated energy and transport systems are simulated for New Zealand Incentives and banning ... more Integrated energy and transport systems are simulated for New Zealand Incentives and banning strategies are defined to induce low-emission vehicles Incentives include fuel infrastructure support and zero-emission vehicle subsidy Prohibitive scenarios impose bans on the adoption of petroleum fuel vehicles Fleet mix, fuel demand, emissions reduction and transition costs are compared
Energy, 2016
In this paper, the capacity expansion strategies of biofuels supply and the potential for the mar... more In this paper, the capacity expansion strategies of biofuels supply and the potential for the market development of biofuel vehicles are examined using an integrated System Dynamics model of energy and transport systems for Iceland. The biofuel markets are simulated in the context of a market-based economic system. The demand side enables an endogenous analysis of the road transport sector in which the long-term evolutions of light-duty and heavy-duty vehicle fleets are simulated through a consumer choice algorithm. Two scenarios are defined to support the fuel and infrastructure for biofuel vehicles: i) the Initial Push scenario as a tracking capacity planning strategy with an initial supply momentum, and ii) the Enthusiastic scenario as a leading capacity strategy with a continuous supply push. The results indicate that the dynamics of the bio-diesel market are not highly sensitive to the supply strategies employed. However, changing the capacity planning strategy could significantly influence the medium-term development of biogas as well as the evolution of the bio-ethanol market throughout the planning horizon until 2050. While the Initial Push scenario is less costly from a fuel supply perspective, the Enthusiastic strategy would be advantageous in terms of overall energy and transport benefits.
2015 12th International Conference on the European Energy Market (EEM), 2015
The economic value of adaptation to climate impact on renewable resources is examined using the U... more The economic value of adaptation to climate impact on renewable resources is examined using the UniSyD_IS model of Iceland's energy system. The model captures the entire energy system including interactions among supply sectors, energy markets, infrastructure and fuel demand. In this framework, climate adaptation options are evaluated in the context of a rational decision making process. Comparison of two scenarios with and without climate impact on hydro and biomass resources reflects the direct and indirect economic effects of adaptation strategies and provides insights for generation and energy supply investment planning. The simulation results show that the adaptation to climate change in Iceland leads to higher installed capacities for hydro, biodiesel, and bioethanol plants with lower supply costs. The findings indicate that the adaptation of energy supply to climate change could provide net benefits from an energy supply perspective.
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Papers by Jonathan D Leaver