Papers by Antonella Rocca
Sustainability, 2021
The social sustainability of rural areas is affected by the phenomenon of “brain drain” due to yo... more The social sustainability of rural areas is affected by the phenomenon of “brain drain” due to younger generations’ outward migration. Our study examines how structural and subjective factors determine the returning intentions of university students over time, before completion of their studies. We conducted a longitudinal, 3-wave survey between 2018 and 2020, involving 349 students (Mean age = 21.89; 63.04% women) and originating from a rural, remote region of Portugal. Using a Tobit panel model approach for data analysis, we found that participants whose mothers had a university degree, who expected higher income 3 years after studies completion, and who were more attached to the place where they were studying were less inclined to return to their native rural area. Conversely, those who were more attached to their rural origins were more likely to show an increased interest in returning over time. Our findings show that university students originating from rural areas and their r...
Youth & Society
The aim of this article is to identify the main mechanisms leading to the NEET status in Italy, R... more The aim of this article is to identify the main mechanisms leading to the NEET status in Italy, Romania, and Bulgaria. It does so by highlighting the differences amongst them and verifying how place of residence effectively affects the connected propensity to this status after having controlled for many personal characteristics through a series of probit models. Furthermore, multiple correspondence analyses produce profound understanding of the NEET phenomenon and associated determinants. The results highlight the need to plan support actions tailored to specific NEET characteristics. Whilst the degree of urbanization impacts upon the NEET status throughout Romania and Bulgaria, Italy shows a strong divide between the North and the South. However, in all three countries there is a need to improve the education system and stimulate higher levels of education as the main measure of NEET prevention.
Management Decision
PurposeThis article analyses the new venture creation by patient innovators in 40 countries exami... more PurposeThis article analyses the new venture creation by patient innovators in 40 countries examining the effects of the four macro-level factors on entrepreneurship, adding a fifth sector-specific (healthcare) factor.Design/methodology/approachBy applying the statistical tool of principal component analysis, we find a clustering behavior of health user entrepreneurs across countries, indicating that common macro-level conditions affect this phenomenon in a nonlinear way.FindingsHealthy user innovators are more likely to become entrepreneurs in those countries where creativity, economic opportunities and business environment are increasing from the lower level until a certain threshold. After that level, user entrepreneurship seems to be not relevant.Originality/valueWe contribute to the extant literature about macro-level determinants of entrepreneurship by exploring how much such conditions impact on the decision to create new firm by user innovators.
Journal of Shipping and Trade
The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the efficiencies of ten of the leading European ports. T... more The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the efficiencies of ten of the leading European ports. The motivation of the research refers to the relevant topic of selection of indicators that can be involved in the comparative analysis. Concerning the theoretical model, the authors’ efforts are especially directed towards the usage of the stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) and of the data envelopment analysis (DEA). These techniques have been widely adopted for benchmarking and performance evaluation by involving indicators based on data from National Accounts. If one of these indicators, such as labour force consistency, is not available at a specific level of aggregation, detailed assumptions are needed to address this complication. The present study proposes an additive model in order to provide an estimation of ports’ economic activities by fixing the port activity boundaries and the spatial perimeter of the firms investigated. Several NUTS (Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Sta...
International Journal of Manpower
PurposeThere is a long period from completing studies to finding a permanent or temporary (but at... more PurposeThere is a long period from completing studies to finding a permanent or temporary (but at least satisfactory) job in all European countries, especially in Mediterranean countries, including Italy. This paper aims to study the determinants of this duration and measure them, for the first time in a systematic way, in the case of Italy.Design/methodology/approachThis paper provides several measures of duration, including education level and other criteria. Furthermore, it attempts to identify the main determinants of the long Italian transition, both at a macroeconomic and an individual level. It tests for omitted heterogeneity of those who are stuck at this important crossroads in their life within the context of parametric survival models.FindingsThe average duration of the school-to-work transition for young people aged 18–34 years was 2.88 years (or 34.56 months) in 2017. A shorter duration was found for the highly educated; they found a job on average 46 months earlier tha...
International Journal of Social Economics
PurposeThis paper investigates the causes of the gender gap in the labour market that cannot be e... more PurposeThis paper investigates the causes of the gender gap in the labour market that cannot be explained by classical human capital theory.Design/methodology/approachTo this end, the authors integrate the Gender Gap in the Labour Market Index (GGLMI), a composite index developed in previous research, with further information on some social aspects that could affect the female work commitment, directly or indirectly. In particular, the authors want to verify if family care and home duties, still strongly unbalanced against women, and the welfare system play a significant role in the gender gap.FindingsResults highlight a very complex scenario, characterized by the persistence of gender inequalities everywhere, even if at different degrees, with very strong imbalances in the time spent at work in response to the family commitments.Research limitations/implicationsThe actual determinants of gender disparities in the labour market are very difficult to identify because of the lack of a...
Pomorstvo
The purpose of this paper is to compare the competitiveness of Italian seaports in terms of effic... more The purpose of this paper is to compare the competitiveness of Italian seaports in terms of efficiency scores as a result of significant policy changes adopted in September 2016. An appropriate data set on seaport activities is used that consists of input and output variables obtained by fixing the statistical classification of economic activities (NACE codes) of a sample of 10,763 active firms involved in the new Italian Port Network Authorities (AdSPs). The investigation analyses the major causes of inefficiency and may be viewed as an analysis of the potential of each AdSP, rather than an analysis based on already existing entities. In the authors’ opinion, the results of the data envelopment analysis (DEA) are suitable to support policy decisions designed to improve operational performance of inefficient AdSPs. The empirical analysis reveals several findings that can be extended to different territorial districts.
Social Indicators Research
Journal of Cleaner Production
Social Indicators Research
Revue internationale du Travail
International Journal of Manpower
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to understand: whether the changes that have occurred in mig... more Purpose The purpose of this paper is to understand: whether the changes that have occurred in migrants’ conditions over time are smaller than the differences in their conditions existing across countries; and whether the comparison between immigrants and native-born conditions allows the verification of the levels of disparities between them and, therefore, the relative disadvantage suffered by migrant. After a general overview of the 28 European Union countries, this paper analyses the changes that have occurred from 2006 to 2017 in the conditions of migrants in the labour market in the big five European countries (Italy, Spain, France, Germany and the UK). Design/methodology/approach Various statistical methodologies were used. First, to gain an overall picture, taking into account both the spatial and the temporal dimensions, dynamic factor analysis (DFA) was applied. Second, time-dependent and cross-sectional time-series models were estimated to better understand the DFA results...
Cogent Social Sciences
In the labour market framework, gender inequalities penalizing women in participation, remunerati... more In the labour market framework, gender inequalities penalizing women in participation, remuneration and career still persist almost everywhere, even though there are remarkable differences between countries. At the EU level, in many cases, the levels of these gaps also vary within the same country. According to human capital theory, labour market outcomes should be strongly influenced by the worker's educational level. However, the gender gap endures even in countries where women have surpassed men in education. In this paper, both the aspects of spatial differences (in accordance with the NUTs 1 districts) and the impact of education on the gender gap in the labour market are analysed. With this aim, the composite indicator methodology (including sensitivity analysis involving bootstrap techniques) has been used. The results highlight the substantial stability of the gap in eduacation within the same country but a strong variability in the gap in the labour market outcomes within some countries. Adapting national policies to different regional frameworks could be an efficacious strategy for closing the gap.
International Labour Review
Revista Internacional del Trabajo
International Labour Review
46Th Scientific Meeting of the Italian Statistical Society, May 3, 2012
Uploads
Papers by Antonella Rocca