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PAOLO CASTALDO

Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Department of Humanistic Studies, Post-Doc

University of Salerno, Scienze del Patrimonio Culturale, PhD in "Ricerche e studi sull'antichità, il medioevo e l'umanesimo (RAMUS)"

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Papers by PAOLO CASTALDO

Linguistic Ambiguity and Social Conflict in Hobbes

Rivista Italiana di Filosofia del Linguaggio, 2024

In this paper I will examine the relationship between speech and social conflict in Hobbes's phil... more In this paper I will examine the relationship between speech and social conflict in Hobbes's philosophy. I shall focus especially on equivocation, which Hobbes assumes as one of the main causes of social conflict. The paper aims to show that equivocation should be distinguished from other forms of ambiguous speech, such as metaphor and inconstancy, and, on the other hand, it tries to highlight some controversial aspects underlying Hobbes's approach to the question of equivocation.

Quale soggetto in Hume?

Consecutio Rerum. Rivista critica della Postmodernità, 15, 2024

In Hume's scholarship the notion of "subject" lacks systematic analysis. First, because it is oft... more In Hume's scholarship the notion of "subject" lacks systematic analysis. First, because it is often confused with the "self ", "soul" or "person"; second, because the subject is almost always reduced to the famous question of personal identity. In this paper I argue that, on the one hand, the concept of subject should be distinguished both from "self " and the question of personal identity; on the other, I argue that a positive notion of subject emerges from the "Treatise", and it must ultimately be sought within the very science of human nature.

Humanism and Rhetoric in Chäim Perelman’s Criticism of Formal Logic

in "Modernità e critica," Atti del convegno internazionale “Modernity and Critique: Issues and Keys to Understanding the Modern World” (Naples-Paris, 25-28 May 2021), a cura di R. Carbone, 2 voll., La Città del Sole, Napoli, 2022, II, pp. 503-519., 2022

The Question of Personal Identity in Hume’s ‘Treatise’

Paradigmi. Rivista di critica filosofica, 2022

The section "Of Personal Identity" of Hume’s Treatise is one of the most difficult to interpret. ... more The section "Of Personal Identity" of Hume’s Treatise is one of the most difficult to interpret. It has raised doubts among scholars both for its famous account of the self as a bundle of perceptions, and for Hume’s "second thoughts" about it that occurred in the Appendix to the Treatise (composed three years later). What exactly he was disappointed with his theory is still a matter of debate. In this paper I will argue that the problems raised by Hume in the Appendix can already be found in the section "Of Personal Identity," and that, accordingly, no second thoughts in the strict sense occurred in the Appendix; rather, Hume fully recognized an impasse within his science of human nature.

Retorica e logica nella critica di Lorenzo Valla del quadrato delle opposizioni

Rhetorica: A Journal of the History of Rhetoric

In this paper I discuss Lorenzo Valla's criticism of the traditional Square of Opposition dis... more In this paper I discuss Lorenzo Valla's criticism of the traditional Square of Opposition displayed in the second book of the Dialectica. I show that, according to Valla, the opposition rules of the propositions must take into account both common speeches and the correct use of Latin language, not the formal link occurring between the parts of propositions. In Valla's perspective, this theoretical change is carried out through rhetoric and philology, and it involves a reassessment of the arts of the trivium. As regards this topic, I argue that Valla aims niether to reduce dialectic to rhetoric nor to replace the former with the latter, but rather to establish some rhetorical principles as a better-suited way to set the opposition rules, because they take into account the linguistic context in which these rules apply.

La critica delle 'equipollentiae' nella logica di Lorenzo Valla

Bollettino del Centro di Studi Vichiani, L (2020), pp. 455-474

Dal movimento della ragione alla dialettica naturale. Vives e Ramo a confronto

Ragione, razionalità e razionalizzazione in età moderna e contemporanea, Atti del Convegno internazionale (Napoli-Salerno, 26-28 novembre 2019), a cura di M. Cambi, R. Carbone, A. Carrano, E. Massimilla, Napoli, Federico II University Press, 2020

Questo volume è stato pubblicato con un contributo del Dipartimento di Studi Umanistici dell'Univ... more

Morfologie: complessità e totalità nella filosofia moderna

STUDI FILOSOFICI, XLIII (2020), pp. 235-244, 2020

I contributi proposti per la pubblicazione, redatti secondo le norme editoriali disponibili sul s... more I contributi proposti per la pubblicazione, redatti secondo le norme editoriali disponibili sul sito della casa editrice, vanno inviati, con un abstract in inglese e in italiano e con cinque parole chiave, sempre in inglese e in italiano, all'indirizzo: [email protected], in duplice copia, di cui una rigorosamente anonima e senza riferimenti bibliografici personali al fine di sottoporla alla doppia procedura di blind peer review.

Fallacie e "incuria loquendi" nella logica di Lorenzo Valla

Atti dell'Accademia di Scienze Morali e Politiche, 2019

This paper analyzes Lorenzo Valla's position about sophisms, which played a crucial role in Schol... more This paper analyzes Lorenzo Valla's position about sophisms, which played a crucial role in Scholastic logic. According to Valla, the Aristotelian-Scholastic way of solving sophisms through a formal analysis of propositions is a useless exercise, whereas he maintains that a sharp mind will suffice to that end. I shall show that Valla does not restrict fallacious arguments to the sophist's will to deceive, but he extends them to those using language incorrectly, including philosophers and orators.

Retorica e logica nella critica di Lorenzo Valla del quadrato delle opposizioni (Rhetorica 37.1).pdf

Rhetorica: A Journal of the History of Rhetoric, 2019

In this paper I discuss Lorenzo Valla’s criticism of the traditional Square of Opposition display... more In this paper I discuss Lorenzo Valla’s criticism of the traditional
Square of Opposition displayed in the second book of the
"Dialectica". I show that, according to Valla, the opposition rules of propositions must take into account both common speeches
and the correct use of Latin language, not the formal link occurring
between the parts of propositions. In Valla’s perspective, this theoretical
change is carried out through rhetoric and philology, and it
involves a reassessment of the arts of the trivium. As regards this
topic, I argue that Valla aims niether to reduce dialectic to rhetoric
nor to replace the former with the latter, but rather to establish
some rhetorical principles as a better-suited way to set the opposition
rules, because they take into account the linguistic context in
which these rules apply.

"Lorenzo Valla filosofo": studi e problemi

Archivio di storia della cultura, 2017

This essay aims at outlining the debate, started in the second half of the last century, about th... more This essay aims at outlining the debate, started in the second half of the last century, about the main Lorenzo Valla’s philosophical work, the Repastinatio dialectice et philosophie. This long-forgotten work underlied a positive reevaluation thanks to which nowadays Valla occupies a significant place in the history of philosophy – not only in that of philology. Despite that, scholars have acknowledged in different ways – sometimes opposite – this role. In order to highlight this new understanding of Valla, we try to divide the divergence of scholars’ opinions, often influenced by their different cultural tendencies, from the reasons why Valla must be regarded above all as philosopher.

La logica esistenziale di Hume

Giornale di filosofia, 2011

The first book of David Hume’s A Treatise of Human Nature can be considered not only as an episte... more The first book of David Hume’s A Treatise of Human Nature can be considered not only as an epistemological pamphlet, but also as an attempt to understand the human existence. Indeed, through the analysis of belief, of custom, of cause and effect Hume describes the human way of “being in the world”, the human need to imagine a fixed order over the instability of our existence.

Books by PAOLO CASTALDO

"'Logica Laurentiana'. Lorenzo Valla e la linguistica riforma della metafisica e della dialettica"

"'Logica Laurentiana'. Lorenzo Valla e la linguistica riforma della metafisica e della dialettica", 2020

Linguistic Ambiguity and Social Conflict in Hobbes

Rivista Italiana di Filosofia del Linguaggio, 2024

In this paper I will examine the relationship between speech and social conflict in Hobbes's phil... more In this paper I will examine the relationship between speech and social conflict in Hobbes's philosophy. I shall focus especially on equivocation, which Hobbes assumes as one of the main causes of social conflict. The paper aims to show that equivocation should be distinguished from other forms of ambiguous speech, such as metaphor and inconstancy, and, on the other hand, it tries to highlight some controversial aspects underlying Hobbes's approach to the question of equivocation.

Quale soggetto in Hume?

Consecutio Rerum. Rivista critica della Postmodernità, 15, 2024

In Hume's scholarship the notion of "subject" lacks systematic analysis. First, because it is oft... more In Hume's scholarship the notion of "subject" lacks systematic analysis. First, because it is often confused with the "self ", "soul" or "person"; second, because the subject is almost always reduced to the famous question of personal identity. In this paper I argue that, on the one hand, the concept of subject should be distinguished both from "self " and the question of personal identity; on the other, I argue that a positive notion of subject emerges from the "Treatise", and it must ultimately be sought within the very science of human nature.

Humanism and Rhetoric in Chäim Perelman’s Criticism of Formal Logic

in "Modernità e critica," Atti del convegno internazionale “Modernity and Critique: Issues and Keys to Understanding the Modern World” (Naples-Paris, 25-28 May 2021), a cura di R. Carbone, 2 voll., La Città del Sole, Napoli, 2022, II, pp. 503-519., 2022

The Question of Personal Identity in Hume’s ‘Treatise’

Paradigmi. Rivista di critica filosofica, 2022

The section "Of Personal Identity" of Hume’s Treatise is one of the most difficult to interpret. ... more The section "Of Personal Identity" of Hume’s Treatise is one of the most difficult to interpret. It has raised doubts among scholars both for its famous account of the self as a bundle of perceptions, and for Hume’s "second thoughts" about it that occurred in the Appendix to the Treatise (composed three years later). What exactly he was disappointed with his theory is still a matter of debate. In this paper I will argue that the problems raised by Hume in the Appendix can already be found in the section "Of Personal Identity," and that, accordingly, no second thoughts in the strict sense occurred in the Appendix; rather, Hume fully recognized an impasse within his science of human nature.

Retorica e logica nella critica di Lorenzo Valla del quadrato delle opposizioni

Rhetorica: A Journal of the History of Rhetoric

In this paper I discuss Lorenzo Valla's criticism of the traditional Square of Opposition dis... more In this paper I discuss Lorenzo Valla's criticism of the traditional Square of Opposition displayed in the second book of the Dialectica. I show that, according to Valla, the opposition rules of the propositions must take into account both common speeches and the correct use of Latin language, not the formal link occurring between the parts of propositions. In Valla's perspective, this theoretical change is carried out through rhetoric and philology, and it involves a reassessment of the arts of the trivium. As regards this topic, I argue that Valla aims niether to reduce dialectic to rhetoric nor to replace the former with the latter, but rather to establish some rhetorical principles as a better-suited way to set the opposition rules, because they take into account the linguistic context in which these rules apply.

La critica delle 'equipollentiae' nella logica di Lorenzo Valla

Bollettino del Centro di Studi Vichiani, L (2020), pp. 455-474

Dal movimento della ragione alla dialettica naturale. Vives e Ramo a confronto

Ragione, razionalità e razionalizzazione in età moderna e contemporanea, Atti del Convegno internazionale (Napoli-Salerno, 26-28 novembre 2019), a cura di M. Cambi, R. Carbone, A. Carrano, E. Massimilla, Napoli, Federico II University Press, 2020

Questo volume è stato pubblicato con un contributo del Dipartimento di Studi Umanistici dell'Univ... more

Morfologie: complessità e totalità nella filosofia moderna

STUDI FILOSOFICI, XLIII (2020), pp. 235-244, 2020

I contributi proposti per la pubblicazione, redatti secondo le norme editoriali disponibili sul s... more I contributi proposti per la pubblicazione, redatti secondo le norme editoriali disponibili sul sito della casa editrice, vanno inviati, con un abstract in inglese e in italiano e con cinque parole chiave, sempre in inglese e in italiano, all'indirizzo: [email protected], in duplice copia, di cui una rigorosamente anonima e senza riferimenti bibliografici personali al fine di sottoporla alla doppia procedura di blind peer review.

Fallacie e "incuria loquendi" nella logica di Lorenzo Valla

Atti dell'Accademia di Scienze Morali e Politiche, 2019

This paper analyzes Lorenzo Valla's position about sophisms, which played a crucial role in Schol... more This paper analyzes Lorenzo Valla's position about sophisms, which played a crucial role in Scholastic logic. According to Valla, the Aristotelian-Scholastic way of solving sophisms through a formal analysis of propositions is a useless exercise, whereas he maintains that a sharp mind will suffice to that end. I shall show that Valla does not restrict fallacious arguments to the sophist's will to deceive, but he extends them to those using language incorrectly, including philosophers and orators.

Retorica e logica nella critica di Lorenzo Valla del quadrato delle opposizioni (Rhetorica 37.1).pdf

Rhetorica: A Journal of the History of Rhetoric, 2019

In this paper I discuss Lorenzo Valla’s criticism of the traditional Square of Opposition display... more In this paper I discuss Lorenzo Valla’s criticism of the traditional
Square of Opposition displayed in the second book of the
"Dialectica". I show that, according to Valla, the opposition rules of propositions must take into account both common speeches
and the correct use of Latin language, not the formal link occurring
between the parts of propositions. In Valla’s perspective, this theoretical
change is carried out through rhetoric and philology, and it
involves a reassessment of the arts of the trivium. As regards this
topic, I argue that Valla aims niether to reduce dialectic to rhetoric
nor to replace the former with the latter, but rather to establish
some rhetorical principles as a better-suited way to set the opposition
rules, because they take into account the linguistic context in
which these rules apply.

"Lorenzo Valla filosofo": studi e problemi

Archivio di storia della cultura, 2017

This essay aims at outlining the debate, started in the second half of the last century, about th... more This essay aims at outlining the debate, started in the second half of the last century, about the main Lorenzo Valla’s philosophical work, the Repastinatio dialectice et philosophie. This long-forgotten work underlied a positive reevaluation thanks to which nowadays Valla occupies a significant place in the history of philosophy – not only in that of philology. Despite that, scholars have acknowledged in different ways – sometimes opposite – this role. In order to highlight this new understanding of Valla, we try to divide the divergence of scholars’ opinions, often influenced by their different cultural tendencies, from the reasons why Valla must be regarded above all as philosopher.

La logica esistenziale di Hume

Giornale di filosofia, 2011

The first book of David Hume’s A Treatise of Human Nature can be considered not only as an episte... more The first book of David Hume’s A Treatise of Human Nature can be considered not only as an epistemological pamphlet, but also as an attempt to understand the human existence. Indeed, through the analysis of belief, of custom, of cause and effect Hume describes the human way of “being in the world”, the human need to imagine a fixed order over the instability of our existence.

"'Logica Laurentiana'. Lorenzo Valla e la linguistica riforma della metafisica e della dialettica"

"'Logica Laurentiana'. Lorenzo Valla e la linguistica riforma della metafisica e della dialettica", 2020