Egyptian Journal of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine
Background Ultrasound has been in clinical use to image the human body for over half a century. A... more Background Ultrasound has been in clinical use to image the human body for over half a century. An audit should be performed on professional practice aimed at taking corrective measures where errors are identified and improvement in the practice when errors are not detected. This study is aimed at evaluating the current status of ultrasound practice in Kano metropolis, Nigeria. Results Out of the 70 (100%) administered questionnaires, 68 (97.14%) were returned, and 64 (91.43%) were properly filled. Fifty-eight (90.6%) knew the exact meaning of ultrasound, and 34 (53%) considered ultrasound as a modality of choice for imaging and diagnosis of abdominal masses. None of the participants was exposed to advanced ultrasound technology. Only 3 (4.7%) and 5 (7.8%) of the respondents performed infection control, air reverberation pattern and electronic noise checks. Conclusion Ultrasound practitioners demonstrate good knowledge of ultrasound and its application. However, there was unavailabi...
Background: Ultrasonographic assessment of the renal size is useful in diagnosis of renal patholo... more Background: Ultrasonographic assessment of the renal size is useful in diagnosis of renal pathologies. Objectives: To determine the renal morphometry based on age, sex and anthropometry among apparently healthy adults in Bauchi, North Eastern Nigeria Methods: A cross sectional study conducted among 533 healthy adults aged between 18-80 years in Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Teaching Hospital, Bauchi. Real time ultrasound machine ALOKA SSD-1000, with curvilinear trans-abdominal transducer of frequency 3.5 mHz was used between December 2015 and November 2016. Kidney measurements were performed in a lateral decubitus position. The renal hilum was visualized to get the optimum longitudinal bipolar length (BPL) and transverse diameters (TD) of both kidneys in each subject were measured in the same plane. Renal parenchymal thickness was obtained from the cortex peri-renal fat interface (capsule) to the sinus pyramid apex interface at the mid portion on long section of the kidney. Sub...
Objectives: To determine the level of job satisfaction among academic and clinical radiographers ... more Objectives: To determine the level of job satisfaction among academic and clinical radiographers and possibly identify areas that requires improvements in the hospitals and radiography teaching institutions. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study of 48 radiographers working in tertiary healthcare institutions and universities in northern Nigeria. Semi-structured questionnaires were used to obtain vital information about the working conditions of radiographers and degree of satisfaction they derive from
Background: The patient is the most important person in the entire hospital setup and it is the d... more Background: The patient is the most important person in the entire hospital setup and it is the duty of the health care personnel to give special attention to the management of patient to enhance effective service delivery.Waiting time is the total time from registration until consultation with healthcare personnel.It is an aspect of care that patients value most. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate Patients' perceived satisfaction with waiting time in Department of Radiology, University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Borno State Nigeria. Method: The study was a cross-sectional prospective survey, that targeted patients who presented at the radiology department for HSG and IVU over the period of six months with a response rate of 70%, (n=70). The mean age of the participants was 33.6years. Data was collected using a 23 item self-completion questionnaire designed in line with the objectives of the study. Data were categorized into groups and analyzed using statistic...
Objective: To determine the clinical radiography student's level of knowledge, perception, and at... more Objective: To determine the clinical radiography student's level of knowledge, perception, and attitudes, towards Ebola Virus Disease. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted using eligible and consented 80 respondents who were radiography students in their clinical phase with 30-item questionnaires, validity and reliability were obtained. The data was analyzed using Epi info version 3.5.4 where descriptive statistics such as frequency and percentage were obtained. Results: Findings show that 8.8% (n=7) of respondents are below the age of 20 years, 72.5% (n=58) are between 21-30 years of age while 18% (n=15) are between 31-40 years. Generally, respondents good high knowledge on the nature 87.5% (n=70) and fatal rate 93.7% (n=75) of Ebola disease, with majority of them being aware of the outbreak. Positive perception was noted among respondents and 58.8% (n=47) indicated that they would not participate in Radiologic procedures involving Ebola patients. Conclusion: In general, there was good knowledge, adequate perceptions and positive attitude towards the nature, incubation period, and mortality rate of Ebola virus disease among radiography students. However, high numbers lack knowledge on the preventive measures and treatments. The study recommends further improvement on knowledge, perception and attitude of radiography students.
Background: Gastric tuberculosis (TB), occurring as primary or secondary infection, is a rare man... more Background: Gastric tuberculosis (TB), occurring as primary or secondary infection, is a rare manifestation of extrapulmonary tuberculosis infection and the signs and symptoms of this infection are nonspecific and can simulate gastric neoplasms. This case report aimed to draw attention to the possibility of gastric TB simulating a gastric malignancy and to remind clinicians to consider gastric TB as a differential diagnosis in a patient presenting with features simulating gastric tumour, especially when there is past history of PTB. We, therefore, present a rare case of secondary gastric TB simulating gastric malignancy in a 45-year-old man with past history of pulmonary tuberculosis.
Objectives: To assess the knowledge and practice of Non-accidental injuries (NAI) among radiograp... more Objectives: To assess the knowledge and practice of Non-accidental injuries (NAI) among radiographers practising within Maiduguri Metropolis. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a questionnaire to elicit information on knowledge and practice of imaging children with Non-accidental injuries. The information elicited from the questionnaire related to the following themes: Demographic characteristics, knowledge and practice of imaging children with NAI. Informed consent was sought from participants. Descriptive statistics (mean, frequencies) were used to analyze the data. Results: A total of 45 questionnaires were distributed to radiographers, and 36 (100%) were completed and returned. A total of 23 (63.9%) were males and 13 (36.1%) were females. The majority 34 (94.4%) of the respondents had good knowledge of NAI. Skeletal survey was the examination commonly requested in children with NAI as reported by 23 (63.9%) respondents, and the majority of the participants 31 (...
Purpose: To survey structural designs of x-ray rooms and compliance to shielding design goals of ... more Purpose: To survey structural designs of x-ray rooms and compliance to shielding design goals of three x-ray imaging facilities. Methods and Materials: The survey was conducted in three radiodiagnostic centers in South East Nigeria, labeled X, Y and Z for anonymity. A stretchable non-elastic meter rule was used to measure x-ray room dimensions. A Vernier caliper was used to measure lead thickness while a calibrated digital survey meter Radalert 100x was used for radiation survey of controlled and uncontrolled areas. Simple statistical tools such as mean and standard deviation were used for analysis with the aid of Microsoft Excel version 2007. Results: Center X had a room dimension of 2.4 m × 2.1 m, Center Y had an x-ray room dimension of 3.6 m × 3.3 m, and Center Z had two x-ray rooms with identical dimensions of 6.3 m × 3.6 m. Measured exit radiation doses for controlled areas in all the centers were: 0.00152 mSv/wk; 0.00496 mSv/wk; 0.00168 mSv/wk; 0.00224 mSv/wk respectively. Lead was the common shielding material used. Conclusion: Based on the parameters studied, Center Z had the ideal room size and layout. Relative distances from the x-ray tubes to the nearest walls were not optimized in all the centers except in Center Z. Measured exit doses were within recommended limits except in Center Y. The location of the control consoles and measured doses were appropriate and within recommended design goals.
Background: The concept of mentorship has gained widespread popularity in literature across dif... more Background: The concept of mentorship has gained widespread popularity in literature across different walks of life owing to the significant benefits attached to it. Purpose: This paper intends to discuss the need for mentorship in radiography, as an indispensable tool for a sustainable healthcare transformation, taking clues from other health science disciplines and medicine. Method: Authors reviewed relevant literature on the subject to have an in-depth and updated knowledge both in the health sciences as well as in other disciplines. Search engines such as Google Scholar, My Websearch, and data base such as Science Direct, Hinari, Taylor and Francis and Medknow were consulted. Several articles that discussed mentorship across various disciplines were reviewed. Those with ideas and concepts that fit into the purpose of the study were included. Results: Several definitions and types of mentorship exist across different walks of life based on literature. However, we decided to ado...
Background: Research in dental radiography has been a neglected area hence the aim of this study ... more Background: Research in dental radiography has been a neglected area hence the aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic yield from dental X-rays in a northern Nigeria healthcare facility. Methods: This study was carried out at the dental department of Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Teaching Hospital, Bauchi from June 2016 to February 2017. All radiographs were interpreted by certified dentists and radiologists and findings were documented. Results: A total of 335 dental X-rays were assessed. Chronic periapical periodontitis was the highest finding (n=72, 21%), followed by irreversible pulpitis (n=42, 12.5%), and dental caries (n=37, 11%). Conclusion: We observed that periapical X-rays was the commonest request. Chronic apical periodontitis, irreversible pulpitis, and dental caries, were found to be the most prevalent dental problems in the region.
Background: Exposure to ionizing radia on is known to have various effects on hematological param... more Background: Exposure to ionizing radia on is known to have various effects on hematological parameters of biological sample. This study was aimed at evalua ng the effect of ionizing radia on on some hematological parameters in guinea pigs. Materials and Methods: Thirty-six (36) apparently healthy adult guinea pigs of both sexes weighing between 700g – 1200g were used in the present study. The guinea pigs were categorized into three groups, 12 per group; group A (control), group B, and C were exposed to X-rays within the diagnos c range, using 70 kV and 12.5mAs; using X-ray machine MS-185, serial no. 0904 GE at a source to skin distance (SSD) of 90cm. Blood samples were collected from all the guinea pigs at intervals of 1 hour, 24 hours 72 hours, 168 hours and 336 hours post-irradia on, and subjected to standard hematological analysis. Results: A con nuous decline in the mean total white blood cell count and mean lymphocyte, monocyte, neutrophil and eosinophil count a9er 1hour in bot...
European Journal of Medical and Health Sciences, 2020
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) is a worldwide disorder among men. Studies have shown that hig... more Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) is a worldwide disorder among men. Studies have shown that high proportion of adult males have symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia in Nigeria. The aim of this work is to assess the knowledge of elderly men about prostatic hyperplasia and its implication which should prompt them to go for medical advice and also their knowledge of sonographic screening among males in the community. A prospective cross sectional study was conducted among non academics males of a University community in Enugu state south-East Nigeria, using a semi structured questionnaire. Informed consent was obtained from participants in the study, acceptance to participate was considered as consent. The questionnaire had two sections, A and B. Section A assessed their demography including educational level and section B assessed the objectives of the study which included knowledge of signs and symptoms as well as the risk factors of benign prostatic hyperplasia. The respondent...
The caliber of the normal portal vein in adults has been extensively studied, but little is known... more The caliber of the normal portal vein in adults has been extensively studied, but little is known about portal vein dimension in the growing child. [1] It is an important cause of portal hypertension in the pediatric age group with high morbidity rates due to its main complication, i.e. gastrointestinal bleeding. [2] Due to the increase in the prevalence of chronic liver disease such as portal hypertension in our locality, [3] for liver surgery and interventional procedures, it is necessary to have a correct mapping of normal anatomy, variants, and different pathologies involving the portal venous system. [4] Portal venous system drains blood from intestine, spleen, and pancreas into the liver mainly through the superior mesenteric, inferior mesenteric, and splenic veins. The splenic vein unites with the superior mesenteric vein behind the head of pancreas and continues as portal vein in the free margin of hepatoduodenal ligament. [5-7] Near the hilum of liver, portal vein divides into right and left branches that supply the right and left hepatic lobes, respectively. The portal vein and the hepatic artery forms the liver's dual blood supply; majority of the hepatic blood flow, i.e. 80% is derived from the portal vein while the remainder comes from the hepatic artery. [5,8] The portal venous system is a valveless system; pressure anywhere in the system is same.
Egyptian Journal of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine
Background Ultrasound has been in clinical use to image the human body for over half a century. A... more Background Ultrasound has been in clinical use to image the human body for over half a century. An audit should be performed on professional practice aimed at taking corrective measures where errors are identified and improvement in the practice when errors are not detected. This study is aimed at evaluating the current status of ultrasound practice in Kano metropolis, Nigeria. Results Out of the 70 (100%) administered questionnaires, 68 (97.14%) were returned, and 64 (91.43%) were properly filled. Fifty-eight (90.6%) knew the exact meaning of ultrasound, and 34 (53%) considered ultrasound as a modality of choice for imaging and diagnosis of abdominal masses. None of the participants was exposed to advanced ultrasound technology. Only 3 (4.7%) and 5 (7.8%) of the respondents performed infection control, air reverberation pattern and electronic noise checks. Conclusion Ultrasound practitioners demonstrate good knowledge of ultrasound and its application. However, there was unavailabi...
Background: Ultrasonographic assessment of the renal size is useful in diagnosis of renal patholo... more Background: Ultrasonographic assessment of the renal size is useful in diagnosis of renal pathologies. Objectives: To determine the renal morphometry based on age, sex and anthropometry among apparently healthy adults in Bauchi, North Eastern Nigeria Methods: A cross sectional study conducted among 533 healthy adults aged between 18-80 years in Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Teaching Hospital, Bauchi. Real time ultrasound machine ALOKA SSD-1000, with curvilinear trans-abdominal transducer of frequency 3.5 mHz was used between December 2015 and November 2016. Kidney measurements were performed in a lateral decubitus position. The renal hilum was visualized to get the optimum longitudinal bipolar length (BPL) and transverse diameters (TD) of both kidneys in each subject were measured in the same plane. Renal parenchymal thickness was obtained from the cortex peri-renal fat interface (capsule) to the sinus pyramid apex interface at the mid portion on long section of the kidney. Sub...
Objectives: To determine the level of job satisfaction among academic and clinical radiographers ... more Objectives: To determine the level of job satisfaction among academic and clinical radiographers and possibly identify areas that requires improvements in the hospitals and radiography teaching institutions. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study of 48 radiographers working in tertiary healthcare institutions and universities in northern Nigeria. Semi-structured questionnaires were used to obtain vital information about the working conditions of radiographers and degree of satisfaction they derive from
Background: The patient is the most important person in the entire hospital setup and it is the d... more Background: The patient is the most important person in the entire hospital setup and it is the duty of the health care personnel to give special attention to the management of patient to enhance effective service delivery.Waiting time is the total time from registration until consultation with healthcare personnel.It is an aspect of care that patients value most. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate Patients' perceived satisfaction with waiting time in Department of Radiology, University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Borno State Nigeria. Method: The study was a cross-sectional prospective survey, that targeted patients who presented at the radiology department for HSG and IVU over the period of six months with a response rate of 70%, (n=70). The mean age of the participants was 33.6years. Data was collected using a 23 item self-completion questionnaire designed in line with the objectives of the study. Data were categorized into groups and analyzed using statistic...
Objective: To determine the clinical radiography student's level of knowledge, perception, and at... more Objective: To determine the clinical radiography student's level of knowledge, perception, and attitudes, towards Ebola Virus Disease. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted using eligible and consented 80 respondents who were radiography students in their clinical phase with 30-item questionnaires, validity and reliability were obtained. The data was analyzed using Epi info version 3.5.4 where descriptive statistics such as frequency and percentage were obtained. Results: Findings show that 8.8% (n=7) of respondents are below the age of 20 years, 72.5% (n=58) are between 21-30 years of age while 18% (n=15) are between 31-40 years. Generally, respondents good high knowledge on the nature 87.5% (n=70) and fatal rate 93.7% (n=75) of Ebola disease, with majority of them being aware of the outbreak. Positive perception was noted among respondents and 58.8% (n=47) indicated that they would not participate in Radiologic procedures involving Ebola patients. Conclusion: In general, there was good knowledge, adequate perceptions and positive attitude towards the nature, incubation period, and mortality rate of Ebola virus disease among radiography students. However, high numbers lack knowledge on the preventive measures and treatments. The study recommends further improvement on knowledge, perception and attitude of radiography students.
Background: Gastric tuberculosis (TB), occurring as primary or secondary infection, is a rare man... more Background: Gastric tuberculosis (TB), occurring as primary or secondary infection, is a rare manifestation of extrapulmonary tuberculosis infection and the signs and symptoms of this infection are nonspecific and can simulate gastric neoplasms. This case report aimed to draw attention to the possibility of gastric TB simulating a gastric malignancy and to remind clinicians to consider gastric TB as a differential diagnosis in a patient presenting with features simulating gastric tumour, especially when there is past history of PTB. We, therefore, present a rare case of secondary gastric TB simulating gastric malignancy in a 45-year-old man with past history of pulmonary tuberculosis.
Objectives: To assess the knowledge and practice of Non-accidental injuries (NAI) among radiograp... more Objectives: To assess the knowledge and practice of Non-accidental injuries (NAI) among radiographers practising within Maiduguri Metropolis. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a questionnaire to elicit information on knowledge and practice of imaging children with Non-accidental injuries. The information elicited from the questionnaire related to the following themes: Demographic characteristics, knowledge and practice of imaging children with NAI. Informed consent was sought from participants. Descriptive statistics (mean, frequencies) were used to analyze the data. Results: A total of 45 questionnaires were distributed to radiographers, and 36 (100%) were completed and returned. A total of 23 (63.9%) were males and 13 (36.1%) were females. The majority 34 (94.4%) of the respondents had good knowledge of NAI. Skeletal survey was the examination commonly requested in children with NAI as reported by 23 (63.9%) respondents, and the majority of the participants 31 (...
Purpose: To survey structural designs of x-ray rooms and compliance to shielding design goals of ... more Purpose: To survey structural designs of x-ray rooms and compliance to shielding design goals of three x-ray imaging facilities. Methods and Materials: The survey was conducted in three radiodiagnostic centers in South East Nigeria, labeled X, Y and Z for anonymity. A stretchable non-elastic meter rule was used to measure x-ray room dimensions. A Vernier caliper was used to measure lead thickness while a calibrated digital survey meter Radalert 100x was used for radiation survey of controlled and uncontrolled areas. Simple statistical tools such as mean and standard deviation were used for analysis with the aid of Microsoft Excel version 2007. Results: Center X had a room dimension of 2.4 m × 2.1 m, Center Y had an x-ray room dimension of 3.6 m × 3.3 m, and Center Z had two x-ray rooms with identical dimensions of 6.3 m × 3.6 m. Measured exit radiation doses for controlled areas in all the centers were: 0.00152 mSv/wk; 0.00496 mSv/wk; 0.00168 mSv/wk; 0.00224 mSv/wk respectively. Lead was the common shielding material used. Conclusion: Based on the parameters studied, Center Z had the ideal room size and layout. Relative distances from the x-ray tubes to the nearest walls were not optimized in all the centers except in Center Z. Measured exit doses were within recommended limits except in Center Y. The location of the control consoles and measured doses were appropriate and within recommended design goals.
Background: The concept of mentorship has gained widespread popularity in literature across dif... more Background: The concept of mentorship has gained widespread popularity in literature across different walks of life owing to the significant benefits attached to it. Purpose: This paper intends to discuss the need for mentorship in radiography, as an indispensable tool for a sustainable healthcare transformation, taking clues from other health science disciplines and medicine. Method: Authors reviewed relevant literature on the subject to have an in-depth and updated knowledge both in the health sciences as well as in other disciplines. Search engines such as Google Scholar, My Websearch, and data base such as Science Direct, Hinari, Taylor and Francis and Medknow were consulted. Several articles that discussed mentorship across various disciplines were reviewed. Those with ideas and concepts that fit into the purpose of the study were included. Results: Several definitions and types of mentorship exist across different walks of life based on literature. However, we decided to ado...
Background: Research in dental radiography has been a neglected area hence the aim of this study ... more Background: Research in dental radiography has been a neglected area hence the aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic yield from dental X-rays in a northern Nigeria healthcare facility. Methods: This study was carried out at the dental department of Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Teaching Hospital, Bauchi from June 2016 to February 2017. All radiographs were interpreted by certified dentists and radiologists and findings were documented. Results: A total of 335 dental X-rays were assessed. Chronic periapical periodontitis was the highest finding (n=72, 21%), followed by irreversible pulpitis (n=42, 12.5%), and dental caries (n=37, 11%). Conclusion: We observed that periapical X-rays was the commonest request. Chronic apical periodontitis, irreversible pulpitis, and dental caries, were found to be the most prevalent dental problems in the region.
Background: Exposure to ionizing radia on is known to have various effects on hematological param... more Background: Exposure to ionizing radia on is known to have various effects on hematological parameters of biological sample. This study was aimed at evalua ng the effect of ionizing radia on on some hematological parameters in guinea pigs. Materials and Methods: Thirty-six (36) apparently healthy adult guinea pigs of both sexes weighing between 700g – 1200g were used in the present study. The guinea pigs were categorized into three groups, 12 per group; group A (control), group B, and C were exposed to X-rays within the diagnos c range, using 70 kV and 12.5mAs; using X-ray machine MS-185, serial no. 0904 GE at a source to skin distance (SSD) of 90cm. Blood samples were collected from all the guinea pigs at intervals of 1 hour, 24 hours 72 hours, 168 hours and 336 hours post-irradia on, and subjected to standard hematological analysis. Results: A con nuous decline in the mean total white blood cell count and mean lymphocyte, monocyte, neutrophil and eosinophil count a9er 1hour in bot...
European Journal of Medical and Health Sciences, 2020
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) is a worldwide disorder among men. Studies have shown that hig... more Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) is a worldwide disorder among men. Studies have shown that high proportion of adult males have symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia in Nigeria. The aim of this work is to assess the knowledge of elderly men about prostatic hyperplasia and its implication which should prompt them to go for medical advice and also their knowledge of sonographic screening among males in the community. A prospective cross sectional study was conducted among non academics males of a University community in Enugu state south-East Nigeria, using a semi structured questionnaire. Informed consent was obtained from participants in the study, acceptance to participate was considered as consent. The questionnaire had two sections, A and B. Section A assessed their demography including educational level and section B assessed the objectives of the study which included knowledge of signs and symptoms as well as the risk factors of benign prostatic hyperplasia. The respondent...
The caliber of the normal portal vein in adults has been extensively studied, but little is known... more The caliber of the normal portal vein in adults has been extensively studied, but little is known about portal vein dimension in the growing child. [1] It is an important cause of portal hypertension in the pediatric age group with high morbidity rates due to its main complication, i.e. gastrointestinal bleeding. [2] Due to the increase in the prevalence of chronic liver disease such as portal hypertension in our locality, [3] for liver surgery and interventional procedures, it is necessary to have a correct mapping of normal anatomy, variants, and different pathologies involving the portal venous system. [4] Portal venous system drains blood from intestine, spleen, and pancreas into the liver mainly through the superior mesenteric, inferior mesenteric, and splenic veins. The splenic vein unites with the superior mesenteric vein behind the head of pancreas and continues as portal vein in the free margin of hepatoduodenal ligament. [5-7] Near the hilum of liver, portal vein divides into right and left branches that supply the right and left hepatic lobes, respectively. The portal vein and the hepatic artery forms the liver's dual blood supply; majority of the hepatic blood flow, i.e. 80% is derived from the portal vein while the remainder comes from the hepatic artery. [5,8] The portal venous system is a valveless system; pressure anywhere in the system is same.
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