We used non-invasive DNA hair-sampling and catch per unit effort (CPUE: grizzly bears detected pe... more We used non-invasive DNA hair-sampling and catch per unit effort (CPUE: grizzly bears detected per 1000 trap nights) to estimate relative density and population size for a threatened grizzly bear population in the North Cascade Ecosystem of Washington and British Columbia. We used linear, logistic, and linear through the origin regression analyses to estimate the relationship between catch per unit effort and grizzly bear density for seven other grizzly populations. One grizzly bear was detected during 5304 trap nights (CPUE=0.19) over 3 years in the North Cascades. This CPUE was much lower than in the other seven populations, including two threatened grizzly populations in the Cabinet-Yaak and Selkirk Mountain Ecosystems. The logistic model (curvilinear relationship) best fit the data (R 2 =0.927), and yielded density and population size estimates of 0.15 bears/100 km 2 (90% CI=0.03-0.71) and six bears (90% CI=1-27), respectively. Natural recovery seems unlikely for the North Cascade grizzly bear population because the population has a high likelihood of extinction due to demographic and environmental stochastic effects associated with extremely small population numbers. We recommend population augmentation. DNA hair-sampling and catch per unit effort models can be a useful method to evaluate relative densities and numbers of animals in small, threatened grizzly bear populations when sample sizes are too small to yield traditional mark-recapture analysis. #
Meeting report Massive stars make a profound impact on their surroundings, their galaxies and the... more Meeting report Massive stars make a profound impact on their surroundings, their galaxies and the evolution of the universe as a whole. Matt Austin and Dave Stock report on an RAS Discussion Meeting that considered current progress in understanding these complex stars.
A BS TRA C T We examine the relationship between the number of bird species and environment withi... more A BS TRA C T We examine the relationship between the number of bird species and environment within 500 000 ha of eucalypt forests in south-eastern New South Wales, Australia. Birds were surveyed at 39 sites within 31 eucalypt communities, which were, in turn, scored by altitude, temperature, rainfall, basal areas of trees and levels of the nutrients nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and magnesium in the eucalypt foliage.
A BS TRA C T A method is described which obtains a representative sample of thefloristic variatio... more A BS TRA C T A method is described which obtains a representative sample of thefloristic variation in a forested area of c. 20 000 km 2. Using the climatic, topographic and lithological characteristics of the study area, a series of gradsects (transects incorporating significant environmental gradients) were selected to represent the environmental variability present in the area. Rules for afield sampling strategy are outlined which ensure that the widest possible range of environments are sampled with reasonable constraints on travelling time and costs. Gradsects in combination with a set of explicit sampling rules are shown to be an effective technique for obtaining a representative data set.
Recent years have witnessed the emergence of an interdisciplinary, international body of research... more Recent years have witnessed the emergence of an interdisciplinary, international body of research on the design of appropriate information and communication technology (ICT) systems for international development. Even more recently, a group of researchers has begun an effort to build a community around that evolving body of work, termed by some as 'HCI4D'. This paper represents a first attempt at surveying this nascent community, its history, its members, and the work that defines it. Our review of the short history of HCI4D spans from beginnings in the early 1990s to the present day. We present a wide-ranging literature review, including a survey of high level topics and approaches. We then conclude with a reflective discussion. This work is intended to serve as both a useful reference and a seed for further dialogue within the growing HCI4D community. We also direct readers to the community portal and collaborative bibliography found at http://hci4d.org.
We used non-invasive DNA hair-sampling and catch per unit effort (CPUE: grizzly bears detected pe... more We used non-invasive DNA hair-sampling and catch per unit effort (CPUE: grizzly bears detected per 1000 trap nights) to estimate relative density and population size for a threatened grizzly bear population in the North Cascade Ecosystem of Washington and British Columbia. We used linear, logistic, and linear through the origin regression analyses to estimate the relationship between catch per unit effort and grizzly bear density for seven other grizzly populations. One grizzly bear was detected during 5304 trap nights (CPUE=0.19) over 3 years in the North Cascades. This CPUE was much lower than in the other seven populations, including two threatened grizzly populations in the Cabinet-Yaak and Selkirk Mountain Ecosystems. The logistic model (curvilinear relationship) best fit the data (R 2 =0.927), and yielded density and population size estimates of 0.15 bears/100 km 2 (90% CI=0.03-0.71) and six bears (90% CI=1-27), respectively. Natural recovery seems unlikely for the North Cascade grizzly bear population because the population has a high likelihood of extinction due to demographic and environmental stochastic effects associated with extremely small population numbers. We recommend population augmentation. DNA hair-sampling and catch per unit effort models can be a useful method to evaluate relative densities and numbers of animals in small, threatened grizzly bear populations when sample sizes are too small to yield traditional mark-recapture analysis. #
Meeting report Massive stars make a profound impact on their surroundings, their galaxies and the... more Meeting report Massive stars make a profound impact on their surroundings, their galaxies and the evolution of the universe as a whole. Matt Austin and Dave Stock report on an RAS Discussion Meeting that considered current progress in understanding these complex stars.
A BS TRA C T We examine the relationship between the number of bird species and environment withi... more A BS TRA C T We examine the relationship between the number of bird species and environment within 500 000 ha of eucalypt forests in south-eastern New South Wales, Australia. Birds were surveyed at 39 sites within 31 eucalypt communities, which were, in turn, scored by altitude, temperature, rainfall, basal areas of trees and levels of the nutrients nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and magnesium in the eucalypt foliage.
A BS TRA C T A method is described which obtains a representative sample of thefloristic variatio... more A BS TRA C T A method is described which obtains a representative sample of thefloristic variation in a forested area of c. 20 000 km 2. Using the climatic, topographic and lithological characteristics of the study area, a series of gradsects (transects incorporating significant environmental gradients) were selected to represent the environmental variability present in the area. Rules for afield sampling strategy are outlined which ensure that the widest possible range of environments are sampled with reasonable constraints on travelling time and costs. Gradsects in combination with a set of explicit sampling rules are shown to be an effective technique for obtaining a representative data set.
Recent years have witnessed the emergence of an interdisciplinary, international body of research... more Recent years have witnessed the emergence of an interdisciplinary, international body of research on the design of appropriate information and communication technology (ICT) systems for international development. Even more recently, a group of researchers has begun an effort to build a community around that evolving body of work, termed by some as 'HCI4D'. This paper represents a first attempt at surveying this nascent community, its history, its members, and the work that defines it. Our review of the short history of HCI4D spans from beginnings in the early 1990s to the present day. We present a wide-ranging literature review, including a survey of high level topics and approaches. We then conclude with a reflective discussion. This work is intended to serve as both a useful reference and a seed for further dialogue within the growing HCI4D community. We also direct readers to the community portal and collaborative bibliography found at http://hci4d.org.
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