Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2011
Ancient literature alluded to the use of a number of plants/preparations as sex enhancer. One of ... more Ancient literature alluded to the use of a number of plants/preparations as sex enhancer. One of such botanicals isMassularia acuminatain which the stem has been acclaimed to be used as an aphrodisiac. Documented experiments or clinical data are, however, lacking. Therefore, this study was undertaken to evaluate the acclaimed aphrodisiac activity ofM. acuminatastem. Sixty male rats were completely randomized into 4 groups (A–D) of 15 each. Rats in group A (control) were administered with 1 mL of distilled water (the vehicle) while those in groups B, C, and D were given same volume containing 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg body weight of the extract, respectively. Sexual behaviour parameters were monitored in the male rats for day 1 (after a single dose), day 3 (after three doses, once daily), and day 5 (after five doses, once daily) by pairing with a receptive female (1 : 1). The male serum testosterone concentration was also determined. Cage side observation on the animals revealed proce...
Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2013
This study investigated the hepatoprotective effects of polyphenols fromZingiber officinaleon str... more This study investigated the hepatoprotective effects of polyphenols fromZingiber officinaleon streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats by assessing liver antioxidant enzymes, carbohydrate-metabolizing enzymes and liver function indices. Initial oral glucose tolerance test was conducted using 125 mg/kg, 250 mg/kg, and 500 mg/kg body weight of both free and bound polyphenols fromZ. officinale. 28 day daily oral administration of 500 mg/kg body weight of free and bound polyphenols fromZ. officinaleto streptozotocin-induced (50 mg/kg) diabetic rats significantly reduced (P<0.05) the fasting blood glucose compared to control groups. There was significant increase (P<0.05) in the antioxidant enzymes activities in the animals treated with both polyphenols. Similarly, the polyphenols normalised the activities of some carbohydrate metabolic enzymes (hexokinase and phosphofructokinase) in the liver of the rats treated with it and significantly reduced (P<0.05) the activities of liver fun...
This study investigates the in vitro antioxidant potentials and attenuation of acetaminophen-indu... more This study investigates the in vitro antioxidant potentials and attenuation of acetaminophen-induced redox imbalance by Pterocarpus osun Craib (Fabaceae) leaf in Wistar rat liver. The in vitro antioxidant activity of the extract (0.2-1.0 mg/mL) was evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazl (DPPH), hydrogen peroxide, superoxide ion, 2,2&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonate (ABTS), and ferric ion. The extract (150 and 300 mg/kg body weight) significantly (P&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;0.05) attenuated the altered liver and serum enzymes of acetaminophen treated animals. Superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities as well as vitamins C and E, and glutathione levels were significantly (P&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;0.05) elevated by the extract. The activities of uridyl diphosphoglucuronosyl transferase (59%), quinone oxidoreductase (53%), and glutathione S-transferase (73%) significantly increased. The extract of P. osun leaf extract at 1.0mg/mL scavenged the DPPH, hydrogen peroxide, superoxide ion, and ABTS at 94, 98, 92, and 86%, respectively, while ferric ion was significantly reduced. There was attenuation of malondialdehyde and lipid hydroperoxide. The results indicates that P. osun leaves attenuated acetaminophen-induced redox imbalance, possibly acting as free radical scavenger, inducer of antioxidant and drug-detoxifying enzymes, which prevented/reduced lipid peroxidation.
coli, Salmonella typhymurium and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were used as test organisms. The results ... more coli, Salmonella typhymurium and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were used as test organisms. The results revealed that the zones of inhibition on the bacterial isolates increased (P < 0.05) as the concentration of the plant extract increased. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration produced by the extract on the gram positive bacteria were significantly lower (P < 0.05) than the gram negative bacteria. The results revealed that the aqueous extract of Enantia chlorantha stem bark possessed antibacterial activities on the clinical isolates with more antibacterial effect on the gram-positive than the gram-negative bacteria. The identified alkaloids might be responsible for the antibacterial activities.
Journal of evidence-based complementary & alternative medicine, 2014
The cytotoxic, antimutagenic, and antioxidant activities of methanolic extract and lophirones B a... more The cytotoxic, antimutagenic, and antioxidant activities of methanolic extract and lophirones B and C derived from Lophira alata stem bark were evaluated. The extract and lophirones B and C significantly (P < .05) reduced the viability of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells. There were concentration-dependent reduction in 4-nitro-o-aminophenylenediamine and benzo[a]pyrene-induced frame shift mutation as well as aflatoxin B1-induced base pair substitution by the extract and lophirones B and C. The extract and lophirones B and C concentration dependently scavenged DPPH radical, superoxide anion radical, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radicals, and reduced ferric ion in the potassium hexacyanoferrate III reducing system. The results obtained from this study revealed that methanolic extract and lophirones B and C derived from Lophira alata stem bark posses anticancer, antimutagenic, and antioxidant activities, with lophirone C producing the best anticancer, antimutagenic, and antioxidant ac...
Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2015
The folkloric claim ofMusa paradisiacasap in the management of diarrhoea is yet to be substantiat... more The folkloric claim ofMusa paradisiacasap in the management of diarrhoea is yet to be substantiated or refuted with scientific data. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to screen the sap ofM. paradisiacafor both its secondary metabolites and antidiarrhoeal activity at 0.25, 0.50, and 1.00 mL in rats. Secondary metabolites were screened using standard methods while the antidiarrhoeal activity was done by adopting the castor oil-induced diarrhoeal, castor oil-induced enteropooling, and gastrointestinal motility models. The sap contained flavonoids, phenolics, saponins, alkaloids, tannins, and steroids while cardiac glycosides, anthraquinones, triterpenes, cardenolides, and dienolides were not detected. In the castor oil-induced diarrhoeal model, the sap significantly (P<0.05) prolonged the onset time of diarrhoea, decreased the number, fresh weight, and water content of feaces, and increased the inhibition of defecations. Na+-K+-ATPase activity in the small intestine increa...
Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology, 2014
The capability of lophirones B and C to extenuate aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1)-mediated onslaught on cel... more The capability of lophirones B and C to extenuate aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1)-mediated onslaught on cellular proteins, lipids, and DNA was investigated for 6 weeks. Lophirones B and C significantly (P < 0.05) increase the expression and specific activity of cytoprotective enzymes (glutathione-S-transferase, nioctinamide adenine dicludeotide:quinone oxidoreductase-1, epoxide hydrolase, and uridyl glucuronosyl transferase). There was significant (P < 0.05) reduction in the level of antioxidant system in AFB 1-induced hepatocarcinogenesis. Furthermore, lophirones B and C significantly (P < 0.05) attenuated AFB 1-mediated decrease in the specific activities of antioxidant enzymes. Oxidative stress biomarkers, malondialdehyde, lipid hydroperoxides, conjugated dienes, protein carbonyl, and fragmented DNA were significantly (P < 0.05) elevated in AFB 1-treated rats. Although lophirones B and C did not significantly (P < 0.05) alter these biomarkers, an AFB 1-mediated increase in these biomarkers was significantly attenuated. Results obtained showed that lophirones B and C extenuate AFB 1-mediated onslaught on cellular proteins, lipids, and DNA by enhancing nuclear erythroid-related factor-2 expression.
Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 2012
The assay kits for cholesterol, triacyglycerols, lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high... more The assay kits for cholesterol, triacyglycerols, lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Gamma glutamyl transerase (GGT), aspartate and alanine aminotransferases (AST and ALT) were products of Randox Laboratory Ltd, Co. Antrim, United Kingdom while those of sodium, potassium, calcium, albumin, globulin and bilirubin
Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology, 2013
This study investigates the protective role of polyphenolic-rich extract from Sorghum bicolor aga... more This study investigates the protective role of polyphenolic-rich extract from Sorghum bicolor against diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced redox imbalance in rat microsomes. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging potentials of the polyphenolic extract from S. bicolor (0.2-1.0 mg/mL) was investigated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, superoxide ion, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical, and ferric ion reducing system. The detoxification of ROS was evaluated in DEN-induced redox imbalance in rat microsomes. Sorghum bicolor polyphenolic extract at 1.0 mg/mL scavenged the DPPH, superoxide ion, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radical at 75%, 76%, 79%, and 81%, respectively; it also reduced ferric ion significantly. The polyphenolic extract significantly (p&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;0.05) attenuated DEN-mediated decrease in the activities of ROS detoxifying enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and reductase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase). The concentrations of malondialdehyde, conjugated dienes, lipid hydroperoxide, protein carbonyl, and percentage DNA fragmentation in DEN-treated microsomes were significantly reduced by the polyphenolic extract. The results of the present study indicated that S. bicolor polyphenolic extract possessed in vitro antioxidant activity and protected microsomes from DEN-mediated oxidative stress by scavenging free radicals and ROS scavenger and inducer of ROS detoxifying enzymes.
Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology, 2013
There is an age-long claim that the Musa paradisiaca root is used to manage reproductive dysfunct... more There is an age-long claim that the Musa paradisiaca root is used to manage reproductive dysfunction, most especially sexual dysfunction (as an aphrodisiac), but there are no data in the open scientific literature that have refuted or supported this claim and the effects of M. paradisiaca root on the testes. Therefore, this study was aimed at investigating the effect of oral administration of the aqueous extract of M. paradisiaca root on the testicular function parameters of male rat testes. Sexually matured male albino rats (138.67±5.29 g) were randomly assigned into four groups, A, B, C, and D, that respectively received 0.5 mL (3.6 mL/kg body weight) of distilled water and 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg body weight of the extract, orally, once daily, for 14 days. The extract significantly increased (p&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;0.05) the testes-body weight ratio, total protein, sialic acid, glycogen, cholesterol, activities of alkaline phosphatase, γ-glutamyltransferase, acid phosphatase, and the concentration of testicular testosterone. In contrast, the extract decreased the concentrations of both luteinizing and follicle-stimulating hormones in the serum of the animals. The results revealed that oral administration of M. paradisiaca root extract at doses of 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg body weight enhanced the testosterone-dependent normal functioning of the testes. Overall, the aqueous extract of M. paradisiaca stimulated the normal functioning of the testes and exhibited both androgenic and anabolic properties. The results may explain the rationale behind the folkloric beneficial effect of the plant in the management of reproductive dysfunction.
Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology, 2014
Background: The phytochemical constituents of the aqueous root extract of Lecaniodiscus cupanioid... more Background: The phytochemical constituents of the aqueous root extract of Lecaniodiscus cupanioides Planch. Ex Bth. and its aphrodisiac activity on male rat sexual behavior and reproductive hormones in paroxetineinduced sexual dysfunction were evaluated. Methods: The extract was screened for the presence of phytochemicals. The extract (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg body weight) and the reference herbal drug PowmaxM (7.14 mg/kg body weight) were administered orally to paroxetine-induced sexually impaired male rats, once daily for 5 days, and their sexual behavior parameters were monitored and computed. The serum hormones (testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone) were determined at the end of treatment period. Results: Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, anthraquinones, phenolics, saponins, and tannins. Mount frequency (MF), intromission frequency (IF), ejaculatory frequency (EF), and testosterone, folliclestimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone concentrations were reduced significantly (p < 0.05) in paroxetine-treated rats. Administration of 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg body weight of the aqueous root extract of L. cupanioides significantly (p < 0.05) reversed the paroxetine-mediated alterations in MF, IF, EF, mount latency (ML), intromission latency (IL), ejaculatory latency (EL), postejaculatory interval (PEI), and testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone concentrations dosedependently. The reversal of the male sexual behavior parameters by the extract compared well (p < 0.05) with the PowmaxM-treated animals. Conclusions: Data obtained from this study revealed that the aqueous root extract of L. cupanioides restored sexual competence in sexually impaired rats possibly by increasing sexual drive through enhanced reproductive hormones concentration, particularly testosterone, thus supporting the folkloric claim of the plant for the management of sexual disorder in males.
This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the a... more This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution and sharing with colleagues. Other uses, including reproduction and distribution, or selling or licensing copies, or posting to personal, institutional or third party websites are prohibited. In most cases authors are permitted to post their version of the article (e.g. in Word or Tex form) to their personal website or institutional repository. Authors requiring further information regarding Elsevier's archiving and manuscript policies are encouraged to visit: http://www.elsevier.com/copyright
Objective To study the abortifacient activity of aqueous extract of Senna alata leaves in female ... more Objective To study the abortifacient activity of aqueous extract of Senna alata leaves in female Wistar rats. Methods Pregnant rats weighing 143.65 ± 13.11 g were completely randomized into 5 groups (A-E). Rats in group A (negative control) were orally administered, once daily with 0.5 ml of distilled water on days 10-18 post-coitum while those in groups B, C, D, and E were treated exactly like the negative control except they received the same volume containing 2.85 mg/kg body weight of mifepristone (group B, reference drug), 250, 500 and 1 000 mg/kg body weight of the extract respectively (groups C-E). Results Phytochemical screening of the extract showed positive results for saponins (1.22%), flavonoids (1.06%), cardiac glycosides (0.20%), cardenolides and dienolides (0.18%), phenolics (0.44%) and alkaloids (0.52%). Respiratory distress, salivation, diarrhoea, changes in the appearance of hair as well as maternal mortality were not observed at any time during the exposure period except in the mifepristone-treated animals where there was episode of diarrhoea and tiredness. The extract significantly reduced (P<0.05) the number of life foetus, weight and survival ratio of the foetus, numbers of implantations and Corpora lutea, implantation index, progesterone, prolactin, estradiol, follicle stimulating and luteinizing hormones whereas the number of dead foetus, number and percentage of rats that aborted, percentage vaginal opening, resorption index, pre-and post-implantation losses increased significantly.
Context: Felicia muricata Thunb. (Nees) (Asteraceae) leaves are used in folklore medicine of Sout... more Context: Felicia muricata Thunb. (Nees) (Asteraceae) leaves are used in folklore medicine of South Africa as an oral remedy for pain and inflammation. However, the efficacy of the plant part is yet to be validated with scientific experiments. Objective: The current study is an effort to investigate the anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, and antipyretic activities of aqueous extract of F. muricata leaves. Materials and methods: The phytochemical screening of aqueous extract of Felicia muricata leaves and the efficacy of the extract at the doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg body weight was investigated in experimental animals using several models of inflammation (paw edema induced by carrageenan and egg albumin), nociception (acetic acid-induced writhing, formalin-induced pain and tail immersion), and fever (brewer's yeast-induced hyperthermia). Results: The extract contained alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and phenolics. The extract dosedependently reduced (P <0.05) the number of writhes and stretches induced by acetic acid, number of licks induced by formalin, paw volumes induced by carrageenan and egg albumin. The reaction time by the tail of the extract-treated animals to the hot water also increased. The extract also reduced hyperthermia induced by brewer's yeast. The highest dose (200 mg/kg body weight of the extract) produced the best result in all cases. Discussion and conclusion: This study revealed that the aqueous extract of Felicia muricata leaves possessed anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive and antipyretic activities. These findings have therefore supported the use of aqueous extract of Felicia muricata leaves in the traditional medicine of South Africa as an oral remedy for pains, inflammation, and fever.
r k e ad R. T.-si* M;&G Maund Applied Technologies, hc.. Miamisburg, OH 45343 have been successfu... more r k e ad R. T.-si* M;&G Maund Applied Technologies, hc.. Miamisburg, OH 45343 have been successfully derncrsbted for this application include weml nickel-based alloys a d a family of Al-contahixg austenitic stainless steels. Seals made between a l i t~aalumha-silica (US) glass-cezdc and nickel-based allays shm excessive metal attzck by the glass. This is also & m of the Al-containing alloys but the etching action of the glass is less severe. This attack w i l l muse reactions to cccur a t the glass-Ceramic/mw interface. :lot a l l reactions a r e detrimental to t h e seal, but same are and these unwanted reactions can muse the formation of pores and the subsequent loss of hemeticity. In t h i s paper, IAS glass-ceramic w i l l be Sealed to Al-containing alloys that were first oxidized prior t o sealing-&led 'preoxidation'. Results w i l l be given that shm 'preoxi.dationl of the alloys-stantially reces the prcbability of glass/metal reactions during seal formation. The reduction in tke amcunt of reaction prcducts t h a t are created improves the o~e r a l l c p d i t y or' the interface without loss of seal bond strength. In addition, the mecham 'sn of surface oxide formation on these Al-containing steels is discussed. Auger data are presented that shm the canpsition of L\e result% oxides t o be a function of the oxidation temperature. =.ere are 3 7 0 theories that e x i s t on the mecharu 'sm of oxidation; one is that oxidation occuls a t the 3k/oxi.de interface (Akdezrazik, et al, 1987) and the other is that oxidation tdkes place a t the oXide/metal interface (Iiirdam and Smeltzer, 1980) In order to study W& is mmect for the Al-cantaining allays, axidation of the alloys were m o m , first in pure I6o2, and then follmed by pure 180~. secondary ion mass spectosco~ (SIMS) imaging results showed no layered structure but did shew a mixtUre of oxides. Thus, themecharusm ' of xidation of these alloys is not simple and must be cccurring in such a manner as to allow DISCLAIMER Portions of this document may be illegible in electronic image products. Images are produced from the best available original document. DISCLAIMER This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not nccessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, rcwmmendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof.
Context: Archachatina marginata Swainson (Achatinidae) is found in Nigeria, West Africa. Its hemo... more Context: Archachatina marginata Swainson (Achatinidae) is found in Nigeria, West Africa. Its hemolymph is applied as a disinfectant to blades and fresh cuts of circumcision in Yorubaland. The hemolymph is also used in traditional medicine practice. Investigation into its anti-endotoxin response is being studied for the first time. Objective: This study determined whether endotoxin causes measurable and concentration-dependent protein coagulation in the separate hemolymph fractions and in hemocyte lysate (HL)/plasma mixtures. Materials and methods: Endotoxin was prepared by inoculating 5% w/v dextrose with locally isolated Escherichia coli cells and incubated for 48 h before sterilization. Pyrogenicity was determined by rabbit test method and use the of LAL kit. Hemolymph fractions were exposed to endotoxin while controls were exposed to endotoxin-free water (0.025 EU/ml). HL/plasma (1:1 v/v) was exposed to varied endotoxin concentrations. Results: Data indicated significantly higher protein coagulates induced by endotoxin in all the hemolymph fractions (P < 0.05). Maximum protein coagulation in mixture of HL/plasma 1:1 was recorded. Exposure of HL/plasma at optimal ratio to varied endotoxin caused linear protein coagulation up to 1.0 EU/ml, beyond which it dropped significantly and unresponsive to further increase in endotoxin doses. Discussion and conclusion: There was endotoxin-induced protein coagulation, which is endotoxin concentrationdependent. The optimal coagulation observed for 1:1 HL/plasma mixture suggests stronger interaction between the hemocytes and the plasma in response to endotoxin. There are LPS-binding proteins in the plasma and hemocytes of A. marginata. This finding may be employed in detection and quantification of endotoxin in future.
Introduction. In Nigeria, the prevalence of erectile dysfunction (ED) among patients attending pr... more Introduction. In Nigeria, the prevalence of erectile dysfunction (ED) among patients attending primary care clinics, age-standardized to the U.S. population in 2000 is 57.4%. This is considered high enough to warrant the attention of scientist for critical studies and analysis. The high ED prevalence is associated with etiologies such as psychosexual factors, chronic medical conditions, and some lifestyles. ED constitutes a major public health problem, influencing the patient's well-being and quality of life. It also leads to broken homes and marriages, psychological, social, and physical morbidity. Aim. To give an account of various ED management options in Nigeria. Method. Review of peer-reviewed literature, questionnaire, and ethnobotanical survey to some indigenous herb sellers and herbalists. Main Outcome Measures. Cross cultural perspectives of ED management in Nigeria. Results. The review suggests that traditional (phytotherapy, zootherapy, and occultism) and nontraditional, orthodox practice (drug therapy, psychological, and behavioral counseling) are applicable to ED management in Nigeria. Conclusion. This review should help in creating awareness into various options available for managing ED in the country, but does not recommend self medication of any form, be it the use of orthodox or herbal remedy. Afolayan AJ, and Yakubu MT. Erectile dysfunction management options in Nigeria.
The growth performance of weanling albino rats (Rattus norvegicus) maintained on different access... more The growth performance of weanling albino rats (Rattus norvegicus) maintained on different accessions (offspring of a variety that was planted/collected at a specific location and time but differing in certain morphologic characteristics) of cooked Colocasia esculenta (cocoyam)-based diets (UFCe1-UFCe7) for 28 days was investigated. Proximate analysis of the formulated diets revealed that UFCe3, UFCe4, UFCe5, UFCe6, and UFCe7 had significantly (P&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;.05) higher moisture contents than the corn starch-based diet (control). All the accession-based diets of C. esculenta had higher ash contents. Similarly, all the accessions of the C. esculenta-based diet had lower crude lipid content, whereas UFCe3-UFCe7 had significantly lower protein content. Although the crude fiber content was significantly higher in UFCe2, UFCe4, and UFCe5, only UFCe3 had significantly higher carbohydrate content among all the accessions of C. esculenta-based diets. UFCe1, UFCe2, UFCe4, UFCe5, and UFCe6 increased the average weekly water intake, feed consumption, total body weight, liver-body weight ratio, and kidney-body weight ratio of the animals; UFCe3 and UFCe7 decreased these measures. Overall, UFCe1, UFCe2, UFCe4, UFCe5, and UFCe6 are recommended as diets with promise to enhance growth performance in the animals.
Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology, 2013
Nuclear erythroid related factor-2 (Nrf2), a redox-transcription factor, plays a critical role in... more Nuclear erythroid related factor-2 (Nrf2), a redox-transcription factor, plays a critical role in the detoxification of electrophilic and reactive oxygen species that halt various biochemical and molecular processes. This makes it a candidate for regulation by polyphenols. This study investigates the capability of chalcone dimers (lophirones B and C) to induce expressions and activities of cytoprotective enzymes. Chalcone dimers administration to rats not only induced the Nrf2, but also suppressed cytoplasmic Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) expressions. In addition, the chalcone dimers significantly (p < 0.05) increased the expressions and activities of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and reduced quinone oxidoreductase-1, glutathione-S-transferase, epoxide hydrolase and uridyl glucuronosyl transferase in rat liver. Also, activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase in rat liver increased significantly (p < 0.05). Overall, lophirones B and C increased the expressions and activities of cytoprotective proteins in rat liver possibly through the reduction of cytoplasmic Keap1 expression, leading to the nuclear translocation of Nrf2.
Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2011
Ancient literature alluded to the use of a number of plants/preparations as sex enhancer. One of ... more Ancient literature alluded to the use of a number of plants/preparations as sex enhancer. One of such botanicals isMassularia acuminatain which the stem has been acclaimed to be used as an aphrodisiac. Documented experiments or clinical data are, however, lacking. Therefore, this study was undertaken to evaluate the acclaimed aphrodisiac activity ofM. acuminatastem. Sixty male rats were completely randomized into 4 groups (A–D) of 15 each. Rats in group A (control) were administered with 1 mL of distilled water (the vehicle) while those in groups B, C, and D were given same volume containing 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg body weight of the extract, respectively. Sexual behaviour parameters were monitored in the male rats for day 1 (after a single dose), day 3 (after three doses, once daily), and day 5 (after five doses, once daily) by pairing with a receptive female (1 : 1). The male serum testosterone concentration was also determined. Cage side observation on the animals revealed proce...
Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2013
This study investigated the hepatoprotective effects of polyphenols fromZingiber officinaleon str... more This study investigated the hepatoprotective effects of polyphenols fromZingiber officinaleon streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats by assessing liver antioxidant enzymes, carbohydrate-metabolizing enzymes and liver function indices. Initial oral glucose tolerance test was conducted using 125 mg/kg, 250 mg/kg, and 500 mg/kg body weight of both free and bound polyphenols fromZ. officinale. 28 day daily oral administration of 500 mg/kg body weight of free and bound polyphenols fromZ. officinaleto streptozotocin-induced (50 mg/kg) diabetic rats significantly reduced (P<0.05) the fasting blood glucose compared to control groups. There was significant increase (P<0.05) in the antioxidant enzymes activities in the animals treated with both polyphenols. Similarly, the polyphenols normalised the activities of some carbohydrate metabolic enzymes (hexokinase and phosphofructokinase) in the liver of the rats treated with it and significantly reduced (P<0.05) the activities of liver fun...
This study investigates the in vitro antioxidant potentials and attenuation of acetaminophen-indu... more This study investigates the in vitro antioxidant potentials and attenuation of acetaminophen-induced redox imbalance by Pterocarpus osun Craib (Fabaceae) leaf in Wistar rat liver. The in vitro antioxidant activity of the extract (0.2-1.0 mg/mL) was evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazl (DPPH), hydrogen peroxide, superoxide ion, 2,2&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonate (ABTS), and ferric ion. The extract (150 and 300 mg/kg body weight) significantly (P&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;0.05) attenuated the altered liver and serum enzymes of acetaminophen treated animals. Superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities as well as vitamins C and E, and glutathione levels were significantly (P&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;0.05) elevated by the extract. The activities of uridyl diphosphoglucuronosyl transferase (59%), quinone oxidoreductase (53%), and glutathione S-transferase (73%) significantly increased. The extract of P. osun leaf extract at 1.0mg/mL scavenged the DPPH, hydrogen peroxide, superoxide ion, and ABTS at 94, 98, 92, and 86%, respectively, while ferric ion was significantly reduced. There was attenuation of malondialdehyde and lipid hydroperoxide. The results indicates that P. osun leaves attenuated acetaminophen-induced redox imbalance, possibly acting as free radical scavenger, inducer of antioxidant and drug-detoxifying enzymes, which prevented/reduced lipid peroxidation.
coli, Salmonella typhymurium and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were used as test organisms. The results ... more coli, Salmonella typhymurium and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were used as test organisms. The results revealed that the zones of inhibition on the bacterial isolates increased (P < 0.05) as the concentration of the plant extract increased. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration produced by the extract on the gram positive bacteria were significantly lower (P < 0.05) than the gram negative bacteria. The results revealed that the aqueous extract of Enantia chlorantha stem bark possessed antibacterial activities on the clinical isolates with more antibacterial effect on the gram-positive than the gram-negative bacteria. The identified alkaloids might be responsible for the antibacterial activities.
Journal of evidence-based complementary & alternative medicine, 2014
The cytotoxic, antimutagenic, and antioxidant activities of methanolic extract and lophirones B a... more The cytotoxic, antimutagenic, and antioxidant activities of methanolic extract and lophirones B and C derived from Lophira alata stem bark were evaluated. The extract and lophirones B and C significantly (P < .05) reduced the viability of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells. There were concentration-dependent reduction in 4-nitro-o-aminophenylenediamine and benzo[a]pyrene-induced frame shift mutation as well as aflatoxin B1-induced base pair substitution by the extract and lophirones B and C. The extract and lophirones B and C concentration dependently scavenged DPPH radical, superoxide anion radical, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radicals, and reduced ferric ion in the potassium hexacyanoferrate III reducing system. The results obtained from this study revealed that methanolic extract and lophirones B and C derived from Lophira alata stem bark posses anticancer, antimutagenic, and antioxidant activities, with lophirone C producing the best anticancer, antimutagenic, and antioxidant ac...
Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2015
The folkloric claim ofMusa paradisiacasap in the management of diarrhoea is yet to be substantiat... more The folkloric claim ofMusa paradisiacasap in the management of diarrhoea is yet to be substantiated or refuted with scientific data. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to screen the sap ofM. paradisiacafor both its secondary metabolites and antidiarrhoeal activity at 0.25, 0.50, and 1.00 mL in rats. Secondary metabolites were screened using standard methods while the antidiarrhoeal activity was done by adopting the castor oil-induced diarrhoeal, castor oil-induced enteropooling, and gastrointestinal motility models. The sap contained flavonoids, phenolics, saponins, alkaloids, tannins, and steroids while cardiac glycosides, anthraquinones, triterpenes, cardenolides, and dienolides were not detected. In the castor oil-induced diarrhoeal model, the sap significantly (P<0.05) prolonged the onset time of diarrhoea, decreased the number, fresh weight, and water content of feaces, and increased the inhibition of defecations. Na+-K+-ATPase activity in the small intestine increa...
Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology, 2014
The capability of lophirones B and C to extenuate aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1)-mediated onslaught on cel... more The capability of lophirones B and C to extenuate aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1)-mediated onslaught on cellular proteins, lipids, and DNA was investigated for 6 weeks. Lophirones B and C significantly (P < 0.05) increase the expression and specific activity of cytoprotective enzymes (glutathione-S-transferase, nioctinamide adenine dicludeotide:quinone oxidoreductase-1, epoxide hydrolase, and uridyl glucuronosyl transferase). There was significant (P < 0.05) reduction in the level of antioxidant system in AFB 1-induced hepatocarcinogenesis. Furthermore, lophirones B and C significantly (P < 0.05) attenuated AFB 1-mediated decrease in the specific activities of antioxidant enzymes. Oxidative stress biomarkers, malondialdehyde, lipid hydroperoxides, conjugated dienes, protein carbonyl, and fragmented DNA were significantly (P < 0.05) elevated in AFB 1-treated rats. Although lophirones B and C did not significantly (P < 0.05) alter these biomarkers, an AFB 1-mediated increase in these biomarkers was significantly attenuated. Results obtained showed that lophirones B and C extenuate AFB 1-mediated onslaught on cellular proteins, lipids, and DNA by enhancing nuclear erythroid-related factor-2 expression.
Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 2012
The assay kits for cholesterol, triacyglycerols, lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high... more The assay kits for cholesterol, triacyglycerols, lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Gamma glutamyl transerase (GGT), aspartate and alanine aminotransferases (AST and ALT) were products of Randox Laboratory Ltd, Co. Antrim, United Kingdom while those of sodium, potassium, calcium, albumin, globulin and bilirubin
Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology, 2013
This study investigates the protective role of polyphenolic-rich extract from Sorghum bicolor aga... more This study investigates the protective role of polyphenolic-rich extract from Sorghum bicolor against diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced redox imbalance in rat microsomes. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging potentials of the polyphenolic extract from S. bicolor (0.2-1.0 mg/mL) was investigated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, superoxide ion, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical, and ferric ion reducing system. The detoxification of ROS was evaluated in DEN-induced redox imbalance in rat microsomes. Sorghum bicolor polyphenolic extract at 1.0 mg/mL scavenged the DPPH, superoxide ion, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radical at 75%, 76%, 79%, and 81%, respectively; it also reduced ferric ion significantly. The polyphenolic extract significantly (p&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;0.05) attenuated DEN-mediated decrease in the activities of ROS detoxifying enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and reductase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase). The concentrations of malondialdehyde, conjugated dienes, lipid hydroperoxide, protein carbonyl, and percentage DNA fragmentation in DEN-treated microsomes were significantly reduced by the polyphenolic extract. The results of the present study indicated that S. bicolor polyphenolic extract possessed in vitro antioxidant activity and protected microsomes from DEN-mediated oxidative stress by scavenging free radicals and ROS scavenger and inducer of ROS detoxifying enzymes.
Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology, 2013
There is an age-long claim that the Musa paradisiaca root is used to manage reproductive dysfunct... more There is an age-long claim that the Musa paradisiaca root is used to manage reproductive dysfunction, most especially sexual dysfunction (as an aphrodisiac), but there are no data in the open scientific literature that have refuted or supported this claim and the effects of M. paradisiaca root on the testes. Therefore, this study was aimed at investigating the effect of oral administration of the aqueous extract of M. paradisiaca root on the testicular function parameters of male rat testes. Sexually matured male albino rats (138.67±5.29 g) were randomly assigned into four groups, A, B, C, and D, that respectively received 0.5 mL (3.6 mL/kg body weight) of distilled water and 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg body weight of the extract, orally, once daily, for 14 days. The extract significantly increased (p&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;0.05) the testes-body weight ratio, total protein, sialic acid, glycogen, cholesterol, activities of alkaline phosphatase, γ-glutamyltransferase, acid phosphatase, and the concentration of testicular testosterone. In contrast, the extract decreased the concentrations of both luteinizing and follicle-stimulating hormones in the serum of the animals. The results revealed that oral administration of M. paradisiaca root extract at doses of 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg body weight enhanced the testosterone-dependent normal functioning of the testes. Overall, the aqueous extract of M. paradisiaca stimulated the normal functioning of the testes and exhibited both androgenic and anabolic properties. The results may explain the rationale behind the folkloric beneficial effect of the plant in the management of reproductive dysfunction.
Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology, 2014
Background: The phytochemical constituents of the aqueous root extract of Lecaniodiscus cupanioid... more Background: The phytochemical constituents of the aqueous root extract of Lecaniodiscus cupanioides Planch. Ex Bth. and its aphrodisiac activity on male rat sexual behavior and reproductive hormones in paroxetineinduced sexual dysfunction were evaluated. Methods: The extract was screened for the presence of phytochemicals. The extract (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg body weight) and the reference herbal drug PowmaxM (7.14 mg/kg body weight) were administered orally to paroxetine-induced sexually impaired male rats, once daily for 5 days, and their sexual behavior parameters were monitored and computed. The serum hormones (testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone) were determined at the end of treatment period. Results: Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, anthraquinones, phenolics, saponins, and tannins. Mount frequency (MF), intromission frequency (IF), ejaculatory frequency (EF), and testosterone, folliclestimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone concentrations were reduced significantly (p < 0.05) in paroxetine-treated rats. Administration of 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg body weight of the aqueous root extract of L. cupanioides significantly (p < 0.05) reversed the paroxetine-mediated alterations in MF, IF, EF, mount latency (ML), intromission latency (IL), ejaculatory latency (EL), postejaculatory interval (PEI), and testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone concentrations dosedependently. The reversal of the male sexual behavior parameters by the extract compared well (p < 0.05) with the PowmaxM-treated animals. Conclusions: Data obtained from this study revealed that the aqueous root extract of L. cupanioides restored sexual competence in sexually impaired rats possibly by increasing sexual drive through enhanced reproductive hormones concentration, particularly testosterone, thus supporting the folkloric claim of the plant for the management of sexual disorder in males.
This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the a... more This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution and sharing with colleagues. Other uses, including reproduction and distribution, or selling or licensing copies, or posting to personal, institutional or third party websites are prohibited. In most cases authors are permitted to post their version of the article (e.g. in Word or Tex form) to their personal website or institutional repository. Authors requiring further information regarding Elsevier's archiving and manuscript policies are encouraged to visit: http://www.elsevier.com/copyright
Objective To study the abortifacient activity of aqueous extract of Senna alata leaves in female ... more Objective To study the abortifacient activity of aqueous extract of Senna alata leaves in female Wistar rats. Methods Pregnant rats weighing 143.65 ± 13.11 g were completely randomized into 5 groups (A-E). Rats in group A (negative control) were orally administered, once daily with 0.5 ml of distilled water on days 10-18 post-coitum while those in groups B, C, D, and E were treated exactly like the negative control except they received the same volume containing 2.85 mg/kg body weight of mifepristone (group B, reference drug), 250, 500 and 1 000 mg/kg body weight of the extract respectively (groups C-E). Results Phytochemical screening of the extract showed positive results for saponins (1.22%), flavonoids (1.06%), cardiac glycosides (0.20%), cardenolides and dienolides (0.18%), phenolics (0.44%) and alkaloids (0.52%). Respiratory distress, salivation, diarrhoea, changes in the appearance of hair as well as maternal mortality were not observed at any time during the exposure period except in the mifepristone-treated animals where there was episode of diarrhoea and tiredness. The extract significantly reduced (P<0.05) the number of life foetus, weight and survival ratio of the foetus, numbers of implantations and Corpora lutea, implantation index, progesterone, prolactin, estradiol, follicle stimulating and luteinizing hormones whereas the number of dead foetus, number and percentage of rats that aborted, percentage vaginal opening, resorption index, pre-and post-implantation losses increased significantly.
Context: Felicia muricata Thunb. (Nees) (Asteraceae) leaves are used in folklore medicine of Sout... more Context: Felicia muricata Thunb. (Nees) (Asteraceae) leaves are used in folklore medicine of South Africa as an oral remedy for pain and inflammation. However, the efficacy of the plant part is yet to be validated with scientific experiments. Objective: The current study is an effort to investigate the anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, and antipyretic activities of aqueous extract of F. muricata leaves. Materials and methods: The phytochemical screening of aqueous extract of Felicia muricata leaves and the efficacy of the extract at the doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg body weight was investigated in experimental animals using several models of inflammation (paw edema induced by carrageenan and egg albumin), nociception (acetic acid-induced writhing, formalin-induced pain and tail immersion), and fever (brewer's yeast-induced hyperthermia). Results: The extract contained alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and phenolics. The extract dosedependently reduced (P <0.05) the number of writhes and stretches induced by acetic acid, number of licks induced by formalin, paw volumes induced by carrageenan and egg albumin. The reaction time by the tail of the extract-treated animals to the hot water also increased. The extract also reduced hyperthermia induced by brewer's yeast. The highest dose (200 mg/kg body weight of the extract) produced the best result in all cases. Discussion and conclusion: This study revealed that the aqueous extract of Felicia muricata leaves possessed anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive and antipyretic activities. These findings have therefore supported the use of aqueous extract of Felicia muricata leaves in the traditional medicine of South Africa as an oral remedy for pains, inflammation, and fever.
r k e ad R. T.-si* M;&G Maund Applied Technologies, hc.. Miamisburg, OH 45343 have been successfu... more r k e ad R. T.-si* M;&G Maund Applied Technologies, hc.. Miamisburg, OH 45343 have been successfully derncrsbted for this application include weml nickel-based alloys a d a family of Al-contahixg austenitic stainless steels. Seals made between a l i t~aalumha-silica (US) glass-cezdc and nickel-based allays shm excessive metal attzck by the glass. This is also & m of the Al-containing alloys but the etching action of the glass is less severe. This attack w i l l muse reactions to cccur a t the glass-Ceramic/mw interface. :lot a l l reactions a r e detrimental to t h e seal, but same are and these unwanted reactions can muse the formation of pores and the subsequent loss of hemeticity. In t h i s paper, IAS glass-ceramic w i l l be Sealed to Al-containing alloys that were first oxidized prior t o sealing-&led 'preoxidation'. Results w i l l be given that shm 'preoxi.dationl of the alloys-stantially reces the prcbability of glass/metal reactions during seal formation. The reduction in tke amcunt of reaction prcducts t h a t are created improves the o~e r a l l c p d i t y or' the interface without loss of seal bond strength. In addition, the mecham 'sn of surface oxide formation on these Al-containing steels is discussed. Auger data are presented that shm the canpsition of L\e result% oxides t o be a function of the oxidation temperature. =.ere are 3 7 0 theories that e x i s t on the mecharu 'sm of oxidation; one is that oxidation occuls a t the 3k/oxi.de interface (Akdezrazik, et al, 1987) and the other is that oxidation tdkes place a t the oXide/metal interface (Iiirdam and Smeltzer, 1980) In order to study W& is mmect for the Al-cantaining allays, axidation of the alloys were m o m , first in pure I6o2, and then follmed by pure 180~. secondary ion mass spectosco~ (SIMS) imaging results showed no layered structure but did shew a mixtUre of oxides. Thus, themecharusm ' of xidation of these alloys is not simple and must be cccurring in such a manner as to allow DISCLAIMER Portions of this document may be illegible in electronic image products. Images are produced from the best available original document. DISCLAIMER This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not nccessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, rcwmmendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof.
Context: Archachatina marginata Swainson (Achatinidae) is found in Nigeria, West Africa. Its hemo... more Context: Archachatina marginata Swainson (Achatinidae) is found in Nigeria, West Africa. Its hemolymph is applied as a disinfectant to blades and fresh cuts of circumcision in Yorubaland. The hemolymph is also used in traditional medicine practice. Investigation into its anti-endotoxin response is being studied for the first time. Objective: This study determined whether endotoxin causes measurable and concentration-dependent protein coagulation in the separate hemolymph fractions and in hemocyte lysate (HL)/plasma mixtures. Materials and methods: Endotoxin was prepared by inoculating 5% w/v dextrose with locally isolated Escherichia coli cells and incubated for 48 h before sterilization. Pyrogenicity was determined by rabbit test method and use the of LAL kit. Hemolymph fractions were exposed to endotoxin while controls were exposed to endotoxin-free water (0.025 EU/ml). HL/plasma (1:1 v/v) was exposed to varied endotoxin concentrations. Results: Data indicated significantly higher protein coagulates induced by endotoxin in all the hemolymph fractions (P < 0.05). Maximum protein coagulation in mixture of HL/plasma 1:1 was recorded. Exposure of HL/plasma at optimal ratio to varied endotoxin caused linear protein coagulation up to 1.0 EU/ml, beyond which it dropped significantly and unresponsive to further increase in endotoxin doses. Discussion and conclusion: There was endotoxin-induced protein coagulation, which is endotoxin concentrationdependent. The optimal coagulation observed for 1:1 HL/plasma mixture suggests stronger interaction between the hemocytes and the plasma in response to endotoxin. There are LPS-binding proteins in the plasma and hemocytes of A. marginata. This finding may be employed in detection and quantification of endotoxin in future.
Introduction. In Nigeria, the prevalence of erectile dysfunction (ED) among patients attending pr... more Introduction. In Nigeria, the prevalence of erectile dysfunction (ED) among patients attending primary care clinics, age-standardized to the U.S. population in 2000 is 57.4%. This is considered high enough to warrant the attention of scientist for critical studies and analysis. The high ED prevalence is associated with etiologies such as psychosexual factors, chronic medical conditions, and some lifestyles. ED constitutes a major public health problem, influencing the patient's well-being and quality of life. It also leads to broken homes and marriages, psychological, social, and physical morbidity. Aim. To give an account of various ED management options in Nigeria. Method. Review of peer-reviewed literature, questionnaire, and ethnobotanical survey to some indigenous herb sellers and herbalists. Main Outcome Measures. Cross cultural perspectives of ED management in Nigeria. Results. The review suggests that traditional (phytotherapy, zootherapy, and occultism) and nontraditional, orthodox practice (drug therapy, psychological, and behavioral counseling) are applicable to ED management in Nigeria. Conclusion. This review should help in creating awareness into various options available for managing ED in the country, but does not recommend self medication of any form, be it the use of orthodox or herbal remedy. Afolayan AJ, and Yakubu MT. Erectile dysfunction management options in Nigeria.
The growth performance of weanling albino rats (Rattus norvegicus) maintained on different access... more The growth performance of weanling albino rats (Rattus norvegicus) maintained on different accessions (offspring of a variety that was planted/collected at a specific location and time but differing in certain morphologic characteristics) of cooked Colocasia esculenta (cocoyam)-based diets (UFCe1-UFCe7) for 28 days was investigated. Proximate analysis of the formulated diets revealed that UFCe3, UFCe4, UFCe5, UFCe6, and UFCe7 had significantly (P&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;.05) higher moisture contents than the corn starch-based diet (control). All the accession-based diets of C. esculenta had higher ash contents. Similarly, all the accessions of the C. esculenta-based diet had lower crude lipid content, whereas UFCe3-UFCe7 had significantly lower protein content. Although the crude fiber content was significantly higher in UFCe2, UFCe4, and UFCe5, only UFCe3 had significantly higher carbohydrate content among all the accessions of C. esculenta-based diets. UFCe1, UFCe2, UFCe4, UFCe5, and UFCe6 increased the average weekly water intake, feed consumption, total body weight, liver-body weight ratio, and kidney-body weight ratio of the animals; UFCe3 and UFCe7 decreased these measures. Overall, UFCe1, UFCe2, UFCe4, UFCe5, and UFCe6 are recommended as diets with promise to enhance growth performance in the animals.
Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology, 2013
Nuclear erythroid related factor-2 (Nrf2), a redox-transcription factor, plays a critical role in... more Nuclear erythroid related factor-2 (Nrf2), a redox-transcription factor, plays a critical role in the detoxification of electrophilic and reactive oxygen species that halt various biochemical and molecular processes. This makes it a candidate for regulation by polyphenols. This study investigates the capability of chalcone dimers (lophirones B and C) to induce expressions and activities of cytoprotective enzymes. Chalcone dimers administration to rats not only induced the Nrf2, but also suppressed cytoplasmic Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) expressions. In addition, the chalcone dimers significantly (p < 0.05) increased the expressions and activities of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and reduced quinone oxidoreductase-1, glutathione-S-transferase, epoxide hydrolase and uridyl glucuronosyl transferase in rat liver. Also, activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase in rat liver increased significantly (p < 0.05). Overall, lophirones B and C increased the expressions and activities of cytoprotective proteins in rat liver possibly through the reduction of cytoplasmic Keap1 expression, leading to the nuclear translocation of Nrf2.
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