Kafkas Universitesi Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi, 2014
The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine a... more The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) plasma concentrations in dogs with experimentally-induced Staphylococcus aureus infection. Correlations between AST, ALT and Respiratory Rate (RR), Pulse Rate (PR) and Internal Body Temperature (IBT) were also calculated. Bacterial suspension with density of 3.1 x109 cfu/mL was subcutaneously injected to 9 mongrel 2 years old male dogs whereas 6 other dogs served as negative controls.The concentrations were determined using commercial kits before application (0 h), 6,24,48,72 h and 7,14,21 days after.The aminotransferase concentrations were higher in infected dogs than in the controls-AST peaked on days 7 and 14, and ALT-at the 72nd h. Strong positive correlations were recorded between ALT and AST concentrations and between RR and IBT. It was observed that the transaminases activities were slightly affected by the experimentally induced staphylococcal infection in dogs.
Municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills are among the major sources of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissio... more Municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills are among the major sources of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions affecting global warming and the Earth’s climate. In Bulgaria, 53 regional non-hazardous waste landfills (RNHWL) are in operation, which necessitates conducting studies to determine the environmental risk from the emitted GHGs. This study attempted to assess the CH4 and CO2 emissions from three gas wells of a cell (in active and closed phases, each of 2.5 years duration) in an RNHWL, Harmanli (41°54′24.29″ N; 25°53′45.17″ E), based on monthly in situ measurements by portable equipment, using the Interrupted Time Series (ITS) ARMA model. The obtained results showed a significant variation of the CH4 and CO2 concentrations (2.06–15.1% v/v) and of the CH4 and CO2 emission rates (172.81–1762.76 kg/y) by gas wells (GWs), months and years, indicating the dynamics of the biodegradation of the deposited waste in the areas of the three GWs. Throughout most of the monitoring period (2018–2022),...
This study investigates the antidiabetic and hypolipidemic potential of newly isolated Lacticasei... more This study investigates the antidiabetic and hypolipidemic potential of newly isolated Lacticaseibacillus paracasei strains in mature adipocytes. Differentiated 3T3-L1 cells are treated with 10% cell-free supernatants (CFSs) from four autochthonous (wild) strains (M2.1, C8, C15, and P4) of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei. Glucose consumption, intracellular lipid deposition, lipolysis rates, and some gene expressions related to adipocyte insulin sensitivity are evaluated. The results show that all CFS-treated groups experienced a substantial increase in glucose uptake, indicating a promising potential for countering glucotoxicity and insulin resistance. The different strains had notable differences in metabolic pathway modulation. Generally, the P4 CFS supplementation seems to enhance insulin-dependent glucose inflow, while M2.1, C8, and C15 supernatants stimulate insulin-independent glucose consumption by mature adipocytes. M2.1 CFSs ameliorate the mature adipocyte buffer capacity by e...
Spectinomycin is an aminocyclitol antibiotic, closely related by chemical structure to the aminog... more Spectinomycin is an aminocyclitol antibiotic, closely related by chemical structure to the aminoglycosides. It has fewer side effects than aminoglycosides and has a comparatively broad antimicrobial spectrum of activity. Spectinomycin is used in human medicine for Neisseria gonorrhoeae treatment and in veterinary medicine for the treatment of infections caused by Enterobacteriaceae and Mycoplasma spp. However, its application in medicine is limited because of rapid development of in vivo and in vitro resistance. Therefore, the prolonged use of this antibiotic requires caution. An alternative for spectinomycin use could be trospectomycin - a new 6´-propyl spectinomycin analog. When compared with spectinomycin in vitro, trospectomycin has broader activity against aerobes and anaerobes such as Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., Salmonella spp., Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Haemophilus influenzae, Chlamidia trachomatis, Ureaplasma spp., Mycoplasma spp., Bacteroides spp., Clostridium spp...
Probiotics such as Lactobacillus spp. could modulate the intestinal microbiota composition, suppo... more Probiotics such as Lactobacillus spp. could modulate the intestinal microbiota composition, supporting gastrointestinal tract barrier function and benefiting human health. To evaluate the anticancer and probiotic properties of potentially active autochthonous Lacticaseibacillus paracasei strains on proliferating and differentiated enterocytes, human colon adenocarcinoma cell line HT29 was used as a model. The lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were isolated from new ecological niches—mountain anthills populated by redwood ants (Formica rufa L.). Human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells (HT29, ATCC, HTB-38™) were treated for twenty-four hours with supernatants (SNs) derived from four strains of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei: P4, C8, C15 and M2.1. An MTT assay, alkaline phosphatase activity, IAP, Bax and Bcl-2 gene expression analysis (RT-qPCR) and the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio were evaluated. The MTT assay revealed that the observed effects varied among groups. However, 10% neutralized supernatants from P...
Municipal green waste (MGW) has significantly increased with the development of urban green areas... more Municipal green waste (MGW) has significantly increased with the development of urban green areas, and its utilization by composting is a good alternative to solve the problem. This paper presents the results from the quality assessment of two industrial composts (from the composting facility of a regional nonhazardous waste landfill) based on their physicochemical properties, hygienic safety (microbiological parameters), fertilizing potential (by fertilizing index, FI) and heavy metal polluting potential (by clean index, CI). Compost 1 (C1) was made from MGW (100%) and Compost 2 (C2) was made from MGW (75%) and discarded green peppers (25%). The evaluation of physicochemical parameters was conducted according to Bulgarian Standards (BDS) methods and microbiological analysis using selective, chromogenic detection systems. It was found that the EC, P, K, Mg, Cu, Cr and Ni were lower for C1 (p < 0.05–0.001). On the other hand, Pb concentration was higher compared to C2 (p < 0.00...
Background: Enterococci are intrinsically resistant/tolerant to various antimicrobial agents and ... more Background: Enterococci are intrinsically resistant/tolerant to various antimicrobial agents and can also acquire and combine different mechanisms of resistance, including quorum-sensing regulation, to most active compounds, which makes enterococcal infection treatment even more challenging. The aim of this study was to evaluate the pattern of antimicrobial resistance and to analyze the frequency of quorum-sensing asa1 and esp genes in clinical isolates representing the genus Enterococcus. Methods: Multiplex PCR assays were performed for the identification of 110 enterococcal isolates and the determination of their antibiotic susceptibility and the presence of asa1/esp genes. Additionally, the antibiotic resistance of the isolates was tested by the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method. Results: 90% of the isolates were identified as Enterococcus faecalis and 10% as Enterococcus faecium. Quorum-sensing regulation genes were present in 109 isolates. Aminoglycoside (aac(6′)/aph(2″)-, quin...
As natural biopolymers, chitosan and lignin are characterized by their good biocompatibility, hig... more As natural biopolymers, chitosan and lignin are characterized by their good biocompatibility, high biodegradability and satisfactory biosafety. The active polymers’ functional groups are responsible for the potential of these biomaterials for use as carrier matrices in the construction of polymer–drug conjugates with prospective applicability in the fields of medicine, food and agriculture—subjects that have attracted attention in recent years. Hence, the aim of this research was to place substantial emphasis on the antimicrobial potential of flavonoid–biopolymer complex systems by assessment of the probable synergetic, additive or antagonistic effects arising as a function of systemic complexity. The joint implementation of morin, chitosan and lignin in conjugated two- and three-component systems provoked species-dependent antimicrobial synergistic and/or potentiation effects against the activity of the tested bacterial strains Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATC...
Ecological (as a natural source) and agricultural (as a resource for fish farming and irrigation ... more Ecological (as a natural source) and agricultural (as a resource for fish farming and irrigation of crops) assessment of Ovcharitsa Dam water, used for thermal power plant (TPP) cooling was carried out in one monitoring point by measurement of 12 physicochemical parameters (temperature, transparency, pH, EC, DO, COD, BOD5, unionized NH3, NO2-, NO3-, total N and P- PO4), one biological parameter (chlorophyll-а), 9 pesticides and volatile organic compounds /VOC/ (atrazine, simazine, diuron, 1,2,3-, 1,2,4- and 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene, tetrachloroethane, trichloromethane, hexachlorobutadiene) and 6 microbiological parameters (aerobic mesophilic microorganisms, coliforms, total coli titer, Escherichia coli counts, E. coli titer, Salmonella spp. counts), stipulated in Bulgarian legislation in 2016-2017 (REGULATIONS: No. 4, 2000; No. 18, 2009; On EQS for priority substances and certain other pollutants, 2010 and No. H-4, 2012). The water samples were taken periodically during a two-year per...
New approach for classification of corn kernels into two classes-healthy and Fusarium diseased us... more New approach for classification of corn kernels into two classes-healthy and Fusarium diseased using classification tree is presented in the paper. Spectral characteristics of diffuse reflectance are obtained from each of the kernels in the range 440-110 nm. Principal component analysis is used for spectral data reducing. The corn kernels are classified using classification tree and first three principal components. The classification accuracy is in range from 75 to 100 % for class healthy kernels and from 90 to 100% for class diseased. The influences of kernel variety and position of the kernel when the spectral data is obtained are reduced using classification tree as a classifier. ВЪВЕДЕНИЕ Проблемът за качествения контрол на храните съпровожда цялата история на хранителното производство. В миналото оценката на различните признаци за качество се е базирала изцяло на сетивна преценка от човек, така че оценката на качеството е била по-скоро изкуство, отколкото наука. Развитието на ...
Резюме Днес замърсяването с плесени и микотоксини се смята за един от най-важните фактори, опреде... more Резюме Днес замърсяването с плесени и микотоксини се смята за един от най-важните фактори, определящ безопасността на фуражите и хранителните продукти за консуматора. Тяхното съдържаниe е в много ниски концентрации. Това определя някои изисквания към аналитичните методи за тяхното определяне: Те трябва да се отличават с високи специфичност, чувствителност и аналитичен добив. Основно приложение намират високоефективна течна хроматография (HPLC), мас спектрометрията и ензим-свързан имуно-сорбентен анализ (ELISA). Всеки един от тези методи има своите предимства и ограничения. Този обзор систеамтично разглежда прилаганите съвременни методи. Abstract Nowadays contamination with molds and mycotoxins is considered to be one of the most important factors determining the feed and food products safety for the consumers. They are contained in very low concentrations. This sets out certain requirements for the analytical methods for their determination: high specificity, sensitivity and recover...
The aim of present study was to explore the effect of different carbon sources on biomass accumul... more The aim of present study was to explore the effect of different carbon sources on biomass accumulation in microalgae Nannochloropsis oculata and Tetraselmis chuii and their ability to remove N and P compounds during their cultivation in aquaculture wastewater. Microalgae cultivation was performed in laboratory bioreactor consisted from 500 mL Erlenmeyer flasks, containing 250 mL wastewater from semi closed recirculation aquaculture system. The cultures were maintained at room temperature (25-27oC) on a fluorescent light with a light: dark photoperiod of 15 h: 9 h. The microalgae species were cultivated in wastewater with different carbon sources: glucose, lactose and saccharose. The growth of strains was checked for 96 h period. In the present study, N. oculata and T. chuii showed better growth in wastewater from aquaculture with saccharose carbon source during the experiment. The most effective reduce of nitrate and total nitrogen was proved in N. oculata cultivated in wastewater w...
The medicinal plant woundwort (Solidago virgaurea L.) characterizes by diuretic, antimutagenic, a... more The medicinal plant woundwort (Solidago virgaurea L.) characterizes by diuretic, antimutagenic, anti-inflammatory activity and it has been applied for urinary tract, nephrolithiasis and prostate disorders treatment. The aim of the present study was to analyze the extraction kinetics of catechin, epigallocatechin and quercetin from Bulgarian woundwort extracts, to assess the antibacterial potential of the medicinal plant extracts against four bacterial strains (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and Bacillus cereus), their antioxidant capacity and radical scavenging potential. The concentrations of the flavonoids in the extracts obtained at different extraction conditions (solvent, temperature, extraction time) were determined by newly-developed by the scientific team RP-HPLC-PDA methodologies. The agar well diffusion method was applied to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the plant extracts. The 70% EtOH extracts at 2...
Betonica bulgarica Degen et Neič. (syn. Stachys bulgarica Hayek) is a Bulgarian endemic plant inc... more Betonica bulgarica Degen et Neič. (syn. Stachys bulgarica Hayek) is a Bulgarian endemic plant included in Red Data Book of Bulgaria under the category "endangered". The aim of the present study is to provide data about the antimicrobial activity of B. bulgarica leaf, flower, seed, stem and root methanolic extracts against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Bacillus cereus, Aspergillus ochraceus 2002 IM-BAS, Fusarium moniliforme 394 FN-9, Fusarium graminearum 2294 IMI 155426 and Penicillium verrucosum 2003 NRRL F-143. Antimicrobial activity of the extracts was evaluated by agar well diffusion method. Root extracts of B. bulgarica exhibited the highest antibacterial activity against S. aureus and B. cereus with large zones of inhibition. All extracts demonstrated either low and statistically insignificant activity against E. coli or a lack thereof. As a whole, extracts of Ablanovo area (in Sinite kamani National Park) exerted the highest activity ...
Beev, G., Kolev, T., Naydenova, N., Dinev, T., Tzanova, M. & Mihaylova, G. (2019). Physicochemica... more Beev, G., Kolev, T., Naydenova, N., Dinev, T., Tzanova, M. & Mihaylova, G. (2019). Physicochemical, sanitary and safety indicators changes during the ripening of Bulgarian white brined cheese from local farms. Bulg. J. Agric. Sci., 25 (Suppl. 3), 109–115 The present study aims to determine the physicochemical and microbiological changes of white-brined cheese from local farms during manufacturing and ripening. Milk pasteurization for white-brined cheese production leads to a severe reduction of microorganisms in milk. Thus, after pasteurization the total number of microorganisms decreases from 480 000 to 810 cfu/ cm, Salmonella spp. from 800 to 2 cfu/cm and E. coli from 4000 to 0 cfu/cm. Ripening processes lead to a drastic reduction of cheese microfl ora with prevalence of specifi c lactic microfl ora (lactobacilli and lactococci) on the 45 day and complete annihilation of E. coli and Salmonella spp. These changes in the cheese microfl ora made the fi nal product safe for consumpti...
Spectinomycin is an aminocyclitol antibiotic, closely related by chemical structure to the aminog... more Spectinomycin is an aminocyclitol antibiotic, closely related by chemical structure to the aminoglycosides. It has fewer side effects than aminoglycosides and has a comparatively broad antimicrobial spectrum of activity. Spectinomycin is used in human medicine for Neisseria gonorrhoeae treatment and in veterinary medicine for the treatment of infections caused by Enterobacteriaceae and Mycoplasma spp. However, its application in medicine is limited because of rapid development of in vivo and in vitro resistance. Therefore, the prolonged use of this antibiotic requires caution. An alternative for spectinomycin use could be trospectomycin a new 6 ́-propyl spectinomycin analog. When compared with spectinomycin in vitro, trospectomycin has broader activity against aerobes and anaerobes such as Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., Salmonella spp., Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Haemophilus influenzae, Chlamidia trachomatis, Ureaplasma spp., Mycoplasma spp., Bacteroides spp., Clostridium spp....
Kafkas Universitesi Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi, 2014
The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine a... more The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) plasma concentrations in dogs with experimentally-induced Staphylococcus aureus infection. Correlations between AST, ALT and Respiratory Rate (RR), Pulse Rate (PR) and Internal Body Temperature (IBT) were also calculated. Bacterial suspension with density of 3.1x109 cfu/mL was subcutaneously injected to 9 mongrel 2 years old male dogs whereas 6 other dogs served as negative controls. The concentrations were determined using commercial kits before application (0 h), 6, 24, 48, 72 h and 7, 14, 21 days after. The aminotransferase concentrations were higher in infected dogs than in the controls AST peaked on days 7 and 14, and ALT at the 72nd h. Strong positive correlations were recorded between ALT and AST concentrations and between RR and IBT. It was observed that the transaminases activities were slightly affected by the experimentally induced staphylococcal infectio...
World aquaculture is the fastest growing food-produ cing sector in the world. Globally, aquacultu... more World aquaculture is the fastest growing food-produ cing sector in the world. Globally, aquaculture is expanding into new directions, intensifying and diversifying. With inc reasing demand for environment friendly aquaculture, the use of alternatives of antibiotic growth promoters in fish nutrition is now widely accepted. Science-based kn owledge on probiotics and prebiotics has increased in recent years. No do ubt exist that in the last decade we have greatly e xpanded our knowledge about pro- and prebiotics as important functional i ngredients in finfish aquaculture. They have numero us beneficial effects: improved activity of gastro-intestinal microbiota a nd enhanced immune status, disease resistance, surv ival, feed utilization and growth performance. As natural products pro- an d prebiotics have much potential to increase the ef ficiency and sustainability of aquacultural production. Therefor e, comprehensive research to more fully characteriz e the intestinal microbiota of pr...
Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni is a plant species which is frequently used not only as a sweetener, bu... more Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni is a plant species which is frequently used not only as a sweetener, but also for its antibacterial and antioxidant properties. Nowadays, there are a large number of studies on the antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of S. rebaudiana leaves, but there are almost no data about the antimicrobial and antioxidant potential of extracts from the other parts of S. rebaudiana. The aim of the present study is to provide data of the antibacterial and antioxidant potential of methanolic extracts from different parts of S. rebaudiana (flowers, leaves, stems, rhizomes, and tubers) cultivated in Bulgaria. Antibacterial activity of the extracts against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus and Escherichia coli was evaluated by agar well diffusion method, rutin content - by HPLC method, total phenolic content and radical scavenging potential - by UV-Vis analysis. S. rebaudiana extracts demonstrated antibacterial activity mainly against S. aureus - flower extracts expre...
The purpose of this study was to make an agro-ecological characterization of vermicompost (VC) pr... more The purpose of this study was to make an agro-ecological characterization of vermicompost (VC) produced from sewage sludge (SS). As a substrate, SS from municipal and poultry meat processing enterprise wastewater treatment plants (MTP and PTP, respectively) was utilized. The substrates were vermicomposted by Red Californian earthworm (Lumbricus rubellus) for 120 days. For VC quality assessment, 19 physicochemical and 6 microbiological parameters were used. The evaluation of physicochemical parameters was done according to ISO standard methods and microbiological analysis-by plating 1 mL of sample dilutions on selective, chromogenic culture medium sheets. It was found that the vermicompost from MTP (VC-M) had higher levels of EC, mineral elements (N, P and K compounds in forms available to plants), heavy metals (Mn, Cu, Zn, Cr, Ni, Pb, Cd) and coliforms, and lower levels of pH, TOC, C/N ratio, Fe, total plate count (TPC), Enterobacteriaceae and Salmonella spp. counts compared to VC f...
Kafkas Universitesi Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi, 2014
The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine a... more The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) plasma concentrations in dogs with experimentally-induced Staphylococcus aureus infection. Correlations between AST, ALT and Respiratory Rate (RR), Pulse Rate (PR) and Internal Body Temperature (IBT) were also calculated. Bacterial suspension with density of 3.1 x109 cfu/mL was subcutaneously injected to 9 mongrel 2 years old male dogs whereas 6 other dogs served as negative controls.The concentrations were determined using commercial kits before application (0 h), 6,24,48,72 h and 7,14,21 days after.The aminotransferase concentrations were higher in infected dogs than in the controls-AST peaked on days 7 and 14, and ALT-at the 72nd h. Strong positive correlations were recorded between ALT and AST concentrations and between RR and IBT. It was observed that the transaminases activities were slightly affected by the experimentally induced staphylococcal infection in dogs.
Municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills are among the major sources of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissio... more Municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills are among the major sources of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions affecting global warming and the Earth’s climate. In Bulgaria, 53 regional non-hazardous waste landfills (RNHWL) are in operation, which necessitates conducting studies to determine the environmental risk from the emitted GHGs. This study attempted to assess the CH4 and CO2 emissions from three gas wells of a cell (in active and closed phases, each of 2.5 years duration) in an RNHWL, Harmanli (41°54′24.29″ N; 25°53′45.17″ E), based on monthly in situ measurements by portable equipment, using the Interrupted Time Series (ITS) ARMA model. The obtained results showed a significant variation of the CH4 and CO2 concentrations (2.06–15.1% v/v) and of the CH4 and CO2 emission rates (172.81–1762.76 kg/y) by gas wells (GWs), months and years, indicating the dynamics of the biodegradation of the deposited waste in the areas of the three GWs. Throughout most of the monitoring period (2018–2022),...
This study investigates the antidiabetic and hypolipidemic potential of newly isolated Lacticasei... more This study investigates the antidiabetic and hypolipidemic potential of newly isolated Lacticaseibacillus paracasei strains in mature adipocytes. Differentiated 3T3-L1 cells are treated with 10% cell-free supernatants (CFSs) from four autochthonous (wild) strains (M2.1, C8, C15, and P4) of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei. Glucose consumption, intracellular lipid deposition, lipolysis rates, and some gene expressions related to adipocyte insulin sensitivity are evaluated. The results show that all CFS-treated groups experienced a substantial increase in glucose uptake, indicating a promising potential for countering glucotoxicity and insulin resistance. The different strains had notable differences in metabolic pathway modulation. Generally, the P4 CFS supplementation seems to enhance insulin-dependent glucose inflow, while M2.1, C8, and C15 supernatants stimulate insulin-independent glucose consumption by mature adipocytes. M2.1 CFSs ameliorate the mature adipocyte buffer capacity by e...
Spectinomycin is an aminocyclitol antibiotic, closely related by chemical structure to the aminog... more Spectinomycin is an aminocyclitol antibiotic, closely related by chemical structure to the aminoglycosides. It has fewer side effects than aminoglycosides and has a comparatively broad antimicrobial spectrum of activity. Spectinomycin is used in human medicine for Neisseria gonorrhoeae treatment and in veterinary medicine for the treatment of infections caused by Enterobacteriaceae and Mycoplasma spp. However, its application in medicine is limited because of rapid development of in vivo and in vitro resistance. Therefore, the prolonged use of this antibiotic requires caution. An alternative for spectinomycin use could be trospectomycin - a new 6´-propyl spectinomycin analog. When compared with spectinomycin in vitro, trospectomycin has broader activity against aerobes and anaerobes such as Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., Salmonella spp., Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Haemophilus influenzae, Chlamidia trachomatis, Ureaplasma spp., Mycoplasma spp., Bacteroides spp., Clostridium spp...
Probiotics such as Lactobacillus spp. could modulate the intestinal microbiota composition, suppo... more Probiotics such as Lactobacillus spp. could modulate the intestinal microbiota composition, supporting gastrointestinal tract barrier function and benefiting human health. To evaluate the anticancer and probiotic properties of potentially active autochthonous Lacticaseibacillus paracasei strains on proliferating and differentiated enterocytes, human colon adenocarcinoma cell line HT29 was used as a model. The lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were isolated from new ecological niches—mountain anthills populated by redwood ants (Formica rufa L.). Human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells (HT29, ATCC, HTB-38™) were treated for twenty-four hours with supernatants (SNs) derived from four strains of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei: P4, C8, C15 and M2.1. An MTT assay, alkaline phosphatase activity, IAP, Bax and Bcl-2 gene expression analysis (RT-qPCR) and the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio were evaluated. The MTT assay revealed that the observed effects varied among groups. However, 10% neutralized supernatants from P...
Municipal green waste (MGW) has significantly increased with the development of urban green areas... more Municipal green waste (MGW) has significantly increased with the development of urban green areas, and its utilization by composting is a good alternative to solve the problem. This paper presents the results from the quality assessment of two industrial composts (from the composting facility of a regional nonhazardous waste landfill) based on their physicochemical properties, hygienic safety (microbiological parameters), fertilizing potential (by fertilizing index, FI) and heavy metal polluting potential (by clean index, CI). Compost 1 (C1) was made from MGW (100%) and Compost 2 (C2) was made from MGW (75%) and discarded green peppers (25%). The evaluation of physicochemical parameters was conducted according to Bulgarian Standards (BDS) methods and microbiological analysis using selective, chromogenic detection systems. It was found that the EC, P, K, Mg, Cu, Cr and Ni were lower for C1 (p < 0.05–0.001). On the other hand, Pb concentration was higher compared to C2 (p < 0.00...
Background: Enterococci are intrinsically resistant/tolerant to various antimicrobial agents and ... more Background: Enterococci are intrinsically resistant/tolerant to various antimicrobial agents and can also acquire and combine different mechanisms of resistance, including quorum-sensing regulation, to most active compounds, which makes enterococcal infection treatment even more challenging. The aim of this study was to evaluate the pattern of antimicrobial resistance and to analyze the frequency of quorum-sensing asa1 and esp genes in clinical isolates representing the genus Enterococcus. Methods: Multiplex PCR assays were performed for the identification of 110 enterococcal isolates and the determination of their antibiotic susceptibility and the presence of asa1/esp genes. Additionally, the antibiotic resistance of the isolates was tested by the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method. Results: 90% of the isolates were identified as Enterococcus faecalis and 10% as Enterococcus faecium. Quorum-sensing regulation genes were present in 109 isolates. Aminoglycoside (aac(6′)/aph(2″)-, quin...
As natural biopolymers, chitosan and lignin are characterized by their good biocompatibility, hig... more As natural biopolymers, chitosan and lignin are characterized by their good biocompatibility, high biodegradability and satisfactory biosafety. The active polymers’ functional groups are responsible for the potential of these biomaterials for use as carrier matrices in the construction of polymer–drug conjugates with prospective applicability in the fields of medicine, food and agriculture—subjects that have attracted attention in recent years. Hence, the aim of this research was to place substantial emphasis on the antimicrobial potential of flavonoid–biopolymer complex systems by assessment of the probable synergetic, additive or antagonistic effects arising as a function of systemic complexity. The joint implementation of morin, chitosan and lignin in conjugated two- and three-component systems provoked species-dependent antimicrobial synergistic and/or potentiation effects against the activity of the tested bacterial strains Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATC...
Ecological (as a natural source) and agricultural (as a resource for fish farming and irrigation ... more Ecological (as a natural source) and agricultural (as a resource for fish farming and irrigation of crops) assessment of Ovcharitsa Dam water, used for thermal power plant (TPP) cooling was carried out in one monitoring point by measurement of 12 physicochemical parameters (temperature, transparency, pH, EC, DO, COD, BOD5, unionized NH3, NO2-, NO3-, total N and P- PO4), one biological parameter (chlorophyll-а), 9 pesticides and volatile organic compounds /VOC/ (atrazine, simazine, diuron, 1,2,3-, 1,2,4- and 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene, tetrachloroethane, trichloromethane, hexachlorobutadiene) and 6 microbiological parameters (aerobic mesophilic microorganisms, coliforms, total coli titer, Escherichia coli counts, E. coli titer, Salmonella spp. counts), stipulated in Bulgarian legislation in 2016-2017 (REGULATIONS: No. 4, 2000; No. 18, 2009; On EQS for priority substances and certain other pollutants, 2010 and No. H-4, 2012). The water samples were taken periodically during a two-year per...
New approach for classification of corn kernels into two classes-healthy and Fusarium diseased us... more New approach for classification of corn kernels into two classes-healthy and Fusarium diseased using classification tree is presented in the paper. Spectral characteristics of diffuse reflectance are obtained from each of the kernels in the range 440-110 nm. Principal component analysis is used for spectral data reducing. The corn kernels are classified using classification tree and first three principal components. The classification accuracy is in range from 75 to 100 % for class healthy kernels and from 90 to 100% for class diseased. The influences of kernel variety and position of the kernel when the spectral data is obtained are reduced using classification tree as a classifier. ВЪВЕДЕНИЕ Проблемът за качествения контрол на храните съпровожда цялата история на хранителното производство. В миналото оценката на различните признаци за качество се е базирала изцяло на сетивна преценка от човек, така че оценката на качеството е била по-скоро изкуство, отколкото наука. Развитието на ...
Резюме Днес замърсяването с плесени и микотоксини се смята за един от най-важните фактори, опреде... more Резюме Днес замърсяването с плесени и микотоксини се смята за един от най-важните фактори, определящ безопасността на фуражите и хранителните продукти за консуматора. Тяхното съдържаниe е в много ниски концентрации. Това определя някои изисквания към аналитичните методи за тяхното определяне: Те трябва да се отличават с високи специфичност, чувствителност и аналитичен добив. Основно приложение намират високоефективна течна хроматография (HPLC), мас спектрометрията и ензим-свързан имуно-сорбентен анализ (ELISA). Всеки един от тези методи има своите предимства и ограничения. Този обзор систеамтично разглежда прилаганите съвременни методи. Abstract Nowadays contamination with molds and mycotoxins is considered to be one of the most important factors determining the feed and food products safety for the consumers. They are contained in very low concentrations. This sets out certain requirements for the analytical methods for their determination: high specificity, sensitivity and recover...
The aim of present study was to explore the effect of different carbon sources on biomass accumul... more The aim of present study was to explore the effect of different carbon sources on biomass accumulation in microalgae Nannochloropsis oculata and Tetraselmis chuii and their ability to remove N and P compounds during their cultivation in aquaculture wastewater. Microalgae cultivation was performed in laboratory bioreactor consisted from 500 mL Erlenmeyer flasks, containing 250 mL wastewater from semi closed recirculation aquaculture system. The cultures were maintained at room temperature (25-27oC) on a fluorescent light with a light: dark photoperiod of 15 h: 9 h. The microalgae species were cultivated in wastewater with different carbon sources: glucose, lactose and saccharose. The growth of strains was checked for 96 h period. In the present study, N. oculata and T. chuii showed better growth in wastewater from aquaculture with saccharose carbon source during the experiment. The most effective reduce of nitrate and total nitrogen was proved in N. oculata cultivated in wastewater w...
The medicinal plant woundwort (Solidago virgaurea L.) characterizes by diuretic, antimutagenic, a... more The medicinal plant woundwort (Solidago virgaurea L.) characterizes by diuretic, antimutagenic, anti-inflammatory activity and it has been applied for urinary tract, nephrolithiasis and prostate disorders treatment. The aim of the present study was to analyze the extraction kinetics of catechin, epigallocatechin and quercetin from Bulgarian woundwort extracts, to assess the antibacterial potential of the medicinal plant extracts against four bacterial strains (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and Bacillus cereus), their antioxidant capacity and radical scavenging potential. The concentrations of the flavonoids in the extracts obtained at different extraction conditions (solvent, temperature, extraction time) were determined by newly-developed by the scientific team RP-HPLC-PDA methodologies. The agar well diffusion method was applied to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the plant extracts. The 70% EtOH extracts at 2...
Betonica bulgarica Degen et Neič. (syn. Stachys bulgarica Hayek) is a Bulgarian endemic plant inc... more Betonica bulgarica Degen et Neič. (syn. Stachys bulgarica Hayek) is a Bulgarian endemic plant included in Red Data Book of Bulgaria under the category "endangered". The aim of the present study is to provide data about the antimicrobial activity of B. bulgarica leaf, flower, seed, stem and root methanolic extracts against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Bacillus cereus, Aspergillus ochraceus 2002 IM-BAS, Fusarium moniliforme 394 FN-9, Fusarium graminearum 2294 IMI 155426 and Penicillium verrucosum 2003 NRRL F-143. Antimicrobial activity of the extracts was evaluated by agar well diffusion method. Root extracts of B. bulgarica exhibited the highest antibacterial activity against S. aureus and B. cereus with large zones of inhibition. All extracts demonstrated either low and statistically insignificant activity against E. coli or a lack thereof. As a whole, extracts of Ablanovo area (in Sinite kamani National Park) exerted the highest activity ...
Beev, G., Kolev, T., Naydenova, N., Dinev, T., Tzanova, M. & Mihaylova, G. (2019). Physicochemica... more Beev, G., Kolev, T., Naydenova, N., Dinev, T., Tzanova, M. & Mihaylova, G. (2019). Physicochemical, sanitary and safety indicators changes during the ripening of Bulgarian white brined cheese from local farms. Bulg. J. Agric. Sci., 25 (Suppl. 3), 109–115 The present study aims to determine the physicochemical and microbiological changes of white-brined cheese from local farms during manufacturing and ripening. Milk pasteurization for white-brined cheese production leads to a severe reduction of microorganisms in milk. Thus, after pasteurization the total number of microorganisms decreases from 480 000 to 810 cfu/ cm, Salmonella spp. from 800 to 2 cfu/cm and E. coli from 4000 to 0 cfu/cm. Ripening processes lead to a drastic reduction of cheese microfl ora with prevalence of specifi c lactic microfl ora (lactobacilli and lactococci) on the 45 day and complete annihilation of E. coli and Salmonella spp. These changes in the cheese microfl ora made the fi nal product safe for consumpti...
Spectinomycin is an aminocyclitol antibiotic, closely related by chemical structure to the aminog... more Spectinomycin is an aminocyclitol antibiotic, closely related by chemical structure to the aminoglycosides. It has fewer side effects than aminoglycosides and has a comparatively broad antimicrobial spectrum of activity. Spectinomycin is used in human medicine for Neisseria gonorrhoeae treatment and in veterinary medicine for the treatment of infections caused by Enterobacteriaceae and Mycoplasma spp. However, its application in medicine is limited because of rapid development of in vivo and in vitro resistance. Therefore, the prolonged use of this antibiotic requires caution. An alternative for spectinomycin use could be trospectomycin a new 6 ́-propyl spectinomycin analog. When compared with spectinomycin in vitro, trospectomycin has broader activity against aerobes and anaerobes such as Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., Salmonella spp., Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Haemophilus influenzae, Chlamidia trachomatis, Ureaplasma spp., Mycoplasma spp., Bacteroides spp., Clostridium spp....
Kafkas Universitesi Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi, 2014
The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine a... more The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) plasma concentrations in dogs with experimentally-induced Staphylococcus aureus infection. Correlations between AST, ALT and Respiratory Rate (RR), Pulse Rate (PR) and Internal Body Temperature (IBT) were also calculated. Bacterial suspension with density of 3.1x109 cfu/mL was subcutaneously injected to 9 mongrel 2 years old male dogs whereas 6 other dogs served as negative controls. The concentrations were determined using commercial kits before application (0 h), 6, 24, 48, 72 h and 7, 14, 21 days after. The aminotransferase concentrations were higher in infected dogs than in the controls AST peaked on days 7 and 14, and ALT at the 72nd h. Strong positive correlations were recorded between ALT and AST concentrations and between RR and IBT. It was observed that the transaminases activities were slightly affected by the experimentally induced staphylococcal infectio...
World aquaculture is the fastest growing food-produ cing sector in the world. Globally, aquacultu... more World aquaculture is the fastest growing food-produ cing sector in the world. Globally, aquaculture is expanding into new directions, intensifying and diversifying. With inc reasing demand for environment friendly aquaculture, the use of alternatives of antibiotic growth promoters in fish nutrition is now widely accepted. Science-based kn owledge on probiotics and prebiotics has increased in recent years. No do ubt exist that in the last decade we have greatly e xpanded our knowledge about pro- and prebiotics as important functional i ngredients in finfish aquaculture. They have numero us beneficial effects: improved activity of gastro-intestinal microbiota a nd enhanced immune status, disease resistance, surv ival, feed utilization and growth performance. As natural products pro- an d prebiotics have much potential to increase the ef ficiency and sustainability of aquacultural production. Therefor e, comprehensive research to more fully characteriz e the intestinal microbiota of pr...
Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni is a plant species which is frequently used not only as a sweetener, bu... more Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni is a plant species which is frequently used not only as a sweetener, but also for its antibacterial and antioxidant properties. Nowadays, there are a large number of studies on the antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of S. rebaudiana leaves, but there are almost no data about the antimicrobial and antioxidant potential of extracts from the other parts of S. rebaudiana. The aim of the present study is to provide data of the antibacterial and antioxidant potential of methanolic extracts from different parts of S. rebaudiana (flowers, leaves, stems, rhizomes, and tubers) cultivated in Bulgaria. Antibacterial activity of the extracts against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus and Escherichia coli was evaluated by agar well diffusion method, rutin content - by HPLC method, total phenolic content and radical scavenging potential - by UV-Vis analysis. S. rebaudiana extracts demonstrated antibacterial activity mainly against S. aureus - flower extracts expre...
The purpose of this study was to make an agro-ecological characterization of vermicompost (VC) pr... more The purpose of this study was to make an agro-ecological characterization of vermicompost (VC) produced from sewage sludge (SS). As a substrate, SS from municipal and poultry meat processing enterprise wastewater treatment plants (MTP and PTP, respectively) was utilized. The substrates were vermicomposted by Red Californian earthworm (Lumbricus rubellus) for 120 days. For VC quality assessment, 19 physicochemical and 6 microbiological parameters were used. The evaluation of physicochemical parameters was done according to ISO standard methods and microbiological analysis-by plating 1 mL of sample dilutions on selective, chromogenic culture medium sheets. It was found that the vermicompost from MTP (VC-M) had higher levels of EC, mineral elements (N, P and K compounds in forms available to plants), heavy metals (Mn, Cu, Zn, Cr, Ni, Pb, Cd) and coliforms, and lower levels of pH, TOC, C/N ratio, Fe, total plate count (TPC), Enterobacteriaceae and Salmonella spp. counts compared to VC f...
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Papers by Georgi Beev