This article evaluates the use of the popular Mobile Messaging App (MMA) WhatsApp as a way to con... more This article evaluates the use of the popular Mobile Messaging App (MMA) WhatsApp as a way to conduct qualitative research with geographically dispersed samples. Through the use of a case study of Latino expat-wives around the globe, we show how traditional methods of qualitative interviewing were adapted and evolved through the use of this application. Findings suggest that WhatsApp is a valuable tool for conducting qualitative research with specific advantages over other MMAs and VoIPs due to its familiarity amongst the target group and its flexible blending of video, audio, and written forms of communication. Particularly its use on smartphones led to interactions that went beyond regular face-toface interviews, thus allowing us access normally only gained in ethnography studies. While this can be a gain in terms of building rapport and increase the depth of data collection, it also brings new challenges in terms of ensuring data quality, interpreting non-verbal cues and ensuring high ethical standards.
Mit der Zunahme der Zahl der Geflüchteten in Deutschland gewann die Frage nach Motoren und Bremse... more Mit der Zunahme der Zahl der Geflüchteten in Deutschland gewann die Frage nach Motoren und Bremsen ihrer Integration an Bedeutung. Im Forschungsprojekt „Flucht und Integration. Geflüchtete in Sachsen “(FLIN) wurden Geflüchtete in Sachsen befragt, um Kenntnisse über soziodemographische Hintergründe, politische, soziale und religiöse Wertevorstellungen und ihre Sichtweise auf Deutschland und die Deutschen zu erlangen. Die Befragung war dabei als Pretest für eine geplante deutschlandweite Befragung angelegt. Dieser Beitrag beschreibt die Vorgehensweise bei der Befragung, präsentiert zentrale Befunde des Pretests und vergleicht die Ergebnisse von FLIN mit Ergebnissen anderer Befragungen von Geflüchteten.
Muslim migrants and their descendants in Western Europe have consistently been shown to hold more... more Muslim migrants and their descendants in Western Europe have consistently been shown to hold more negative attitudes toward homosexuality, the more religious they are. In this article, we go beyond this mono-dimensional view of religiosity and develop a theoretical framework that combines (a) the role of different dimensions of religiosity in anchoring cultural attitudes and (b) the potential impact of destination hostility and discrimination on the retention of cultural attitudes toward homosexuality among Muslim migrants in Western Europe. For the analysis, we use eight rounds of the European Social Survey, enriched with country-level data. Findings indicate that Muslim migrants' mosque attendance, as a dimension of religiosity, has the negative effect that was expected. Particularly, Muslims who grew up in Western Europe are negative about homosexuality if they attended mosque regularly, whereas among first-generation Muslim migrants, origin-country norms
Previous research on the labour market integration of migrants from EU Accession countries has pr... more Previous research on the labour market integration of migrants from EU Accession countries has primarily viewed migrants as individual economic actors, despite their increasing role in family formation. In this contribution, mothers’ return to work after birth is analysed using data from the Irish childhood prospective cohort study Growing Up in Ireland. Families from the Accession countries appear to have little access to non-parental childcare or the support of extended family, which is an important resource for their Irish peers. Fewer EU Accession mothers return to paid work at the end of maternity leave, and are more likely to juggle work and childcare without support. Structural reasons as well as preferences are considered as potential explanations to develop a better understanding of how migrant status impacts on work and childcare decisions.
Abstract Several recent studies show that immigrants exhibit higher levels of trust in public ins... more Abstract Several recent studies show that immigrants exhibit higher levels of trust in public institutions than natives. This study uses pooled data from the European Social Survey to examine possible reasons for this 'over-confidence'of immigrants, arguing that it is largely ...
What determines the confidence of immigrants in public institutions? Using pooled data from the E... more What determines the confidence of immigrants in public institutions? Using pooled data from the European Social Survey from 26 countries, the study examines whether processes of social exclusion and discrimination can account for migrants’ confidence in public institutions. Specifically, it examines the role of the quality of public institutions and of migrant integration policies of the host country and how they interact with migrant status and proxies for experienced or potential discrimination in shaping institutional trust. The empirical results show that first generation migrants exhibit more confidence in public institutions than natives and second generation migrants. In particular migrants from groups with a high discrimination and exclusion risk are more trusting of host country institutions. The quality of institutions does not matter less for the confidence of immigrants than that of natives, with the exception of those who see themselves as an ethnic minority or member of a group discriminated against, and for whom the quality of host country institutions is to a lesser degree reflected in their institutional trust. Controlling for the quality of host country institutions in general, migrant integration policies show a negative relation to migrants’ confidence in public institutions that does not differ from the relationship between integration policies and confidence in institutions for natives. The main conclusion is that countries with better institutions appear to be experienced as more inclusive by migrants.Immigrants; Confidence in institutions; Discrimination
Support for Europe is largely argued to be based on the self-interest of individuals as well as b... more Support for Europe is largely argued to be based on the self-interest of individuals as well as being influenced by their national identity. Relatively little is known, however, about the attitudes of immigrants regarding Europe, although they form a growing part of the European population and are strongly affected by European policies. In this article, attitudes of immigrants towards European unification are analysed to determine how far they differ from the native population and between immigrants from different regions. The main theories on attitudes towards Europe would predict overall more positive attitudes. First, self-interest should lead migrants to evaluate Europe more favourably, as certain groups in particular have gained from it in the past mainly in terms of enhanced mobility and legal rights as immigrants, and can realistically expect to gain more in the future. Secondly, being an immigrant as opposed to a native citizen can be expected to have an impact on national identities, with the supranational level likely to be more attractive to people with multiple national affiliations. Findings confirm this, and highlight that migration status, region of origin and citizenship status are important predictors of attitudes. Furthermore, explanatory factors related to economic interests, which have been shown to be of major importance for natives, matter less for immigrants. It would appear that issues related to mobility and a less exclusively defined national identity may be of more importance for immigrants' attitudes than socioeconomic position. Despite many delays and difficulties, European integration has been progressing, and the enlargement of the European Union is likely to continue. It has often been claimed that the European project is largely an aspiration of political elites, and that unification and enlargement are not always supported by the population (Vetik, 2003). Indeed it cannot be denied that there is quite
THESIS 9692Migration to Europe is not a new phenomenon, but both the scale of population movement... more THESIS 9692Migration to Europe is not a new phenomenon, but both the scale of population movements and the diversity of migrants are increasing. The public debate is largely concerned with migrants\u27 economic and cultural impact on the continent. While the former receives quite detailed attention in academic research, the latter is less well analysed. This study aims to add to the small, but growing field of research on social and cultural integration by analysing the European Social Survey using a \u27triple-comparative\u27 design that allows the simultaneous investigation of individual and country level factors that impact on migrants\u27 outcomes, whilst incorporating the native population as a reference group. The particular aim of the study is to determine whether assimilation is a useful framework to understand immigrants? integration in Europe, and which factors facilitate and hinder assimilation on the individual level as well as on the level of the immigrant group. Outcomes studied are trust in people and institutions, attitudes towards European unification, levels or religiosity and attitudes in relation to gender roles and homosexuality
Gender role attitudes differ vastly across societies, and consequently it can be expected that im... more Gender role attitudes differ vastly across societies, and consequently it can be expected that immigrants in Europe hold different attitudes from natives. These differences may be due to the values prevalent in the origin countries of immigrants, but they are also likely to be linked to religious beliefs. Using multiple origin data compiled from the European Social Survey, this paper analyses in how far these factors influence the gender role attitudes of immigrants in Europe. Both religious denomination and origin country are found to have an important impact on attitudes, with origin country factors having a lesser influence on longer staying migrants and the second generation, indicating that acculturation does take place. The more gender egalitarian values of better integrated migrants seem to be the outcome of processes of acculturation rather than secularisation, in that lower levels of religiosity do not explain the less traditional values observed. Also, religiosity is more ...
A substantial share of Europe’s population are immigrants and children of immigrants. Typically, ... more A substantial share of Europe’s population are immigrants and children of immigrants. Typically, immigrants migrate from countries with less gender egalitarian cultures to countries with more egalitarian cultures. This study examines whether the gender egalitarian values of immigrants are shaped by the gender relations in their origin country and whether they adapt their values to the standards of their residence country. It is of particular interest if such an acculturation can be observed within the ‘first generation’ or mainly across generations. The paper further investigates whether acculturation patterns differ between male and female migrants. Based on European Social Survey data, the analyses show that immigrants originating from countries with very traditional gender relations support gender equality less than members of mainstream society. Small differences are still noticeable for children of immigrant parents. However, the key finding is that immigrants adapt their gende...
In this third newsletter in our series, we introduce the qualitative aspect of our 'New Irish... more In this third newsletter in our series, we introduce the qualitative aspect of our 'New Irish Families' study. We focus here on families' language usage and their sense of belonging in the communities in which they live. To achieve this, we refer to information collected from the families of the infant cohort of Growing Up in Ireland and interviews with 20 migrant families. Introduction to our qualitative interviews
Welcome to the fourth, and final, newsletter in our series. In this edition we focus on the issue... more Welcome to the fourth, and final, newsletter in our series. In this edition we focus on the issue of poverty and deprivation among the families captured in the Growing Up in Ireland infant cohort study. This issue is particularly important given that many of those who migrated to Ireland during the economic boom years were employed in industries most damaged by the subsequent recession, such as construction and service industries. Previous research has shown that first generation immigrants often find it difficult to translate educational and vocational skills achieved in their home country, to correspondent levels of labour market success in their new country. While there is evidence that their children can achieve better labour market outcomes 1 their ability to do so remains dependent on the social and economic capital of the parents, the ethnic group they belong to and the circumstances of the host society 2. Therefore, the socioeconomic position of migrant families has both a c...
In this second newsletter from our series, we describe the diverse socio-demographic profile of t... more In this second newsletter from our series, we describe the diverse socio-demographic profile of the families of 'second generation' children living in Ireland. We also provide information on the employment status of mothers and their use of childcare. The experience in other countries shows that the second generation tends to overcome some of the challenges their parents faced, but nevertheless experience some disadvantages, for example, in education and labour market access 1 . Much of this is attributed to the lower socio-economic position of their parents, which is often characterised by lower skilled work and high unemployment amongst some migrant groups 2 . The information presented below is drawn from the Growing Up in Ireland (GUI) nine-month-old Infant Cohort. This cohort included 11,000 children aged nine months who were born between December 1 st 2007 and June 30 th 2008. A comprehensive description of all aspects of the methodologies employed by Growing Up in Irel...
This article evaluates the use of the popular Mobile Messaging App (MMA) WhatsApp as a way to con... more This article evaluates the use of the popular Mobile Messaging App (MMA) WhatsApp as a way to conduct qualitative research with geographically dispersed samples. Through the use of a case study of Latino expat-wives around the globe, we show how traditional methods of qualitative interviewing were adapted and evolved through the use of this application. Findings suggest that WhatsApp is a valuable tool for conducting qualitative research with specific advantages over other MMAs and VoIPs due to its familiarity amongst the target group and its flexible blending of video, audio, and written forms of communication. Particularly its use on smartphones led to interactions that went beyond regular face-toface interviews, thus allowing us access normally only gained in ethnography studies. While this can be a gain in terms of building rapport and increase the depth of data collection, it also brings new challenges in terms of ensuring data quality, interpreting non-verbal cues and ensuring high ethical standards.
Mit der Zunahme der Zahl der Geflüchteten in Deutschland gewann die Frage nach Motoren und Bremse... more Mit der Zunahme der Zahl der Geflüchteten in Deutschland gewann die Frage nach Motoren und Bremsen ihrer Integration an Bedeutung. Im Forschungsprojekt „Flucht und Integration. Geflüchtete in Sachsen “(FLIN) wurden Geflüchtete in Sachsen befragt, um Kenntnisse über soziodemographische Hintergründe, politische, soziale und religiöse Wertevorstellungen und ihre Sichtweise auf Deutschland und die Deutschen zu erlangen. Die Befragung war dabei als Pretest für eine geplante deutschlandweite Befragung angelegt. Dieser Beitrag beschreibt die Vorgehensweise bei der Befragung, präsentiert zentrale Befunde des Pretests und vergleicht die Ergebnisse von FLIN mit Ergebnissen anderer Befragungen von Geflüchteten.
Muslim migrants and their descendants in Western Europe have consistently been shown to hold more... more Muslim migrants and their descendants in Western Europe have consistently been shown to hold more negative attitudes toward homosexuality, the more religious they are. In this article, we go beyond this mono-dimensional view of religiosity and develop a theoretical framework that combines (a) the role of different dimensions of religiosity in anchoring cultural attitudes and (b) the potential impact of destination hostility and discrimination on the retention of cultural attitudes toward homosexuality among Muslim migrants in Western Europe. For the analysis, we use eight rounds of the European Social Survey, enriched with country-level data. Findings indicate that Muslim migrants' mosque attendance, as a dimension of religiosity, has the negative effect that was expected. Particularly, Muslims who grew up in Western Europe are negative about homosexuality if they attended mosque regularly, whereas among first-generation Muslim migrants, origin-country norms
Previous research on the labour market integration of migrants from EU Accession countries has pr... more Previous research on the labour market integration of migrants from EU Accession countries has primarily viewed migrants as individual economic actors, despite their increasing role in family formation. In this contribution, mothers’ return to work after birth is analysed using data from the Irish childhood prospective cohort study Growing Up in Ireland. Families from the Accession countries appear to have little access to non-parental childcare or the support of extended family, which is an important resource for their Irish peers. Fewer EU Accession mothers return to paid work at the end of maternity leave, and are more likely to juggle work and childcare without support. Structural reasons as well as preferences are considered as potential explanations to develop a better understanding of how migrant status impacts on work and childcare decisions.
Abstract Several recent studies show that immigrants exhibit higher levels of trust in public ins... more Abstract Several recent studies show that immigrants exhibit higher levels of trust in public institutions than natives. This study uses pooled data from the European Social Survey to examine possible reasons for this 'over-confidence'of immigrants, arguing that it is largely ...
What determines the confidence of immigrants in public institutions? Using pooled data from the E... more What determines the confidence of immigrants in public institutions? Using pooled data from the European Social Survey from 26 countries, the study examines whether processes of social exclusion and discrimination can account for migrants’ confidence in public institutions. Specifically, it examines the role of the quality of public institutions and of migrant integration policies of the host country and how they interact with migrant status and proxies for experienced or potential discrimination in shaping institutional trust. The empirical results show that first generation migrants exhibit more confidence in public institutions than natives and second generation migrants. In particular migrants from groups with a high discrimination and exclusion risk are more trusting of host country institutions. The quality of institutions does not matter less for the confidence of immigrants than that of natives, with the exception of those who see themselves as an ethnic minority or member of a group discriminated against, and for whom the quality of host country institutions is to a lesser degree reflected in their institutional trust. Controlling for the quality of host country institutions in general, migrant integration policies show a negative relation to migrants’ confidence in public institutions that does not differ from the relationship between integration policies and confidence in institutions for natives. The main conclusion is that countries with better institutions appear to be experienced as more inclusive by migrants.Immigrants; Confidence in institutions; Discrimination
Support for Europe is largely argued to be based on the self-interest of individuals as well as b... more Support for Europe is largely argued to be based on the self-interest of individuals as well as being influenced by their national identity. Relatively little is known, however, about the attitudes of immigrants regarding Europe, although they form a growing part of the European population and are strongly affected by European policies. In this article, attitudes of immigrants towards European unification are analysed to determine how far they differ from the native population and between immigrants from different regions. The main theories on attitudes towards Europe would predict overall more positive attitudes. First, self-interest should lead migrants to evaluate Europe more favourably, as certain groups in particular have gained from it in the past mainly in terms of enhanced mobility and legal rights as immigrants, and can realistically expect to gain more in the future. Secondly, being an immigrant as opposed to a native citizen can be expected to have an impact on national identities, with the supranational level likely to be more attractive to people with multiple national affiliations. Findings confirm this, and highlight that migration status, region of origin and citizenship status are important predictors of attitudes. Furthermore, explanatory factors related to economic interests, which have been shown to be of major importance for natives, matter less for immigrants. It would appear that issues related to mobility and a less exclusively defined national identity may be of more importance for immigrants' attitudes than socioeconomic position. Despite many delays and difficulties, European integration has been progressing, and the enlargement of the European Union is likely to continue. It has often been claimed that the European project is largely an aspiration of political elites, and that unification and enlargement are not always supported by the population (Vetik, 2003). Indeed it cannot be denied that there is quite
THESIS 9692Migration to Europe is not a new phenomenon, but both the scale of population movement... more THESIS 9692Migration to Europe is not a new phenomenon, but both the scale of population movements and the diversity of migrants are increasing. The public debate is largely concerned with migrants\u27 economic and cultural impact on the continent. While the former receives quite detailed attention in academic research, the latter is less well analysed. This study aims to add to the small, but growing field of research on social and cultural integration by analysing the European Social Survey using a \u27triple-comparative\u27 design that allows the simultaneous investigation of individual and country level factors that impact on migrants\u27 outcomes, whilst incorporating the native population as a reference group. The particular aim of the study is to determine whether assimilation is a useful framework to understand immigrants? integration in Europe, and which factors facilitate and hinder assimilation on the individual level as well as on the level of the immigrant group. Outcomes studied are trust in people and institutions, attitudes towards European unification, levels or religiosity and attitudes in relation to gender roles and homosexuality
Gender role attitudes differ vastly across societies, and consequently it can be expected that im... more Gender role attitudes differ vastly across societies, and consequently it can be expected that immigrants in Europe hold different attitudes from natives. These differences may be due to the values prevalent in the origin countries of immigrants, but they are also likely to be linked to religious beliefs. Using multiple origin data compiled from the European Social Survey, this paper analyses in how far these factors influence the gender role attitudes of immigrants in Europe. Both religious denomination and origin country are found to have an important impact on attitudes, with origin country factors having a lesser influence on longer staying migrants and the second generation, indicating that acculturation does take place. The more gender egalitarian values of better integrated migrants seem to be the outcome of processes of acculturation rather than secularisation, in that lower levels of religiosity do not explain the less traditional values observed. Also, religiosity is more ...
A substantial share of Europe’s population are immigrants and children of immigrants. Typically, ... more A substantial share of Europe’s population are immigrants and children of immigrants. Typically, immigrants migrate from countries with less gender egalitarian cultures to countries with more egalitarian cultures. This study examines whether the gender egalitarian values of immigrants are shaped by the gender relations in their origin country and whether they adapt their values to the standards of their residence country. It is of particular interest if such an acculturation can be observed within the ‘first generation’ or mainly across generations. The paper further investigates whether acculturation patterns differ between male and female migrants. Based on European Social Survey data, the analyses show that immigrants originating from countries with very traditional gender relations support gender equality less than members of mainstream society. Small differences are still noticeable for children of immigrant parents. However, the key finding is that immigrants adapt their gende...
In this third newsletter in our series, we introduce the qualitative aspect of our 'New Irish... more In this third newsletter in our series, we introduce the qualitative aspect of our 'New Irish Families' study. We focus here on families' language usage and their sense of belonging in the communities in which they live. To achieve this, we refer to information collected from the families of the infant cohort of Growing Up in Ireland and interviews with 20 migrant families. Introduction to our qualitative interviews
Welcome to the fourth, and final, newsletter in our series. In this edition we focus on the issue... more Welcome to the fourth, and final, newsletter in our series. In this edition we focus on the issue of poverty and deprivation among the families captured in the Growing Up in Ireland infant cohort study. This issue is particularly important given that many of those who migrated to Ireland during the economic boom years were employed in industries most damaged by the subsequent recession, such as construction and service industries. Previous research has shown that first generation immigrants often find it difficult to translate educational and vocational skills achieved in their home country, to correspondent levels of labour market success in their new country. While there is evidence that their children can achieve better labour market outcomes 1 their ability to do so remains dependent on the social and economic capital of the parents, the ethnic group they belong to and the circumstances of the host society 2. Therefore, the socioeconomic position of migrant families has both a c...
In this second newsletter from our series, we describe the diverse socio-demographic profile of t... more In this second newsletter from our series, we describe the diverse socio-demographic profile of the families of 'second generation' children living in Ireland. We also provide information on the employment status of mothers and their use of childcare. The experience in other countries shows that the second generation tends to overcome some of the challenges their parents faced, but nevertheless experience some disadvantages, for example, in education and labour market access 1 . Much of this is attributed to the lower socio-economic position of their parents, which is often characterised by lower skilled work and high unemployment amongst some migrant groups 2 . The information presented below is drawn from the Growing Up in Ireland (GUI) nine-month-old Infant Cohort. This cohort included 11,000 children aged nine months who were born between December 1 st 2007 and June 30 th 2008. A comprehensive description of all aspects of the methodologies employed by Growing Up in Irel...
Das Handbuch eröffnet einen umfassenden Überblick zum Stand der Forschung in der Migrationssoziol... more Das Handbuch eröffnet einen umfassenden Überblick zum Stand der Forschung in der Migrationssoziologie. Es bietet eine Übersicht über die verschiedenen theoretischen und methodischen Zugänge und entfaltet in den weiteren Abschnitten die migrationssoziologisch relevanten Felder.
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