This paper deals with a Latin reflexivization strategy distinct from other reflexive construction... more This paper deals with a Latin reflexivization strategy distinct from other reflexive constructions. It consists of first and second person pronouns which are used to emphasize the first and second person referents in Old Latin comedy by certain emphasizing elements like ‑
The typical Old Indo-European languages are pro-drop-languages. Therefore, the usage of pronouns ... more The typical Old Indo-European languages are pro-drop-languages. Therefore, the usage of pronouns for expressing the governing subject does not apply to standard sentences. As to be expected emphasized subject pronouns can then be used in marked situations – especially in the case of a contrastive topic. However, there is a third use that is not as trivial in the first place: The emphasized subject pronouns are supplemented by an additional particle. This third usage has a special function that is supposed to be determined in the following.
Beiträge zur Geschichte der deutschen Sprache und Literatur (PBB), 1991
Since its appearance in 1938 W. F. Twaddell's account of the development of OHG i-umlaut has ... more Since its appearance in 1938 W. F. Twaddell's account of the development of OHG i-umlaut has enjoyed virtually universal acceptance among linguists, often linguists of otherwise very different theoretical persuasions and interests. Twaddell's posing of the problem and its solution is this: »It is generally agreed that a group of modifications of vowels and diphthongs known collectively_as umlaut occurred in connection with a following palatal element, i, it or j; and that the modif ications begin to be represented orthographically in M HG, but not in OHG, except for the mutation of short a. A difficulty arises from the fact that, in large measure, the i, i, or j which >caused< the umlauting was no longer present in MHG. We are faced with two alternative interpretations: either the umlaut occurred after the disappearance of the condition a patent absurdity or the umlaut occurred in OHG times but for some reason was not recorded orthographically until some centuries later.«
The frequent combination of declinable stems with one another to form compounds which then are tr... more The frequent combination of declinable stems with one another to form compounds which then are treated as if simple, in respect to accent, inflection, and construction, is a conspicuous feature of the [Vedic] language, from its earliest period. (Whitney 1889: 480) 1 Preliminaries Greek and Vedic are languages whose accent-system is neither a stress-accent nor that of a tone language, but something in between. In Vedic, for instance, the Indish grammarians do not talk of strength, but of pitch (udā tta `high, prominent´). But pitch seems to be accompanied by some strengthening. Just as in English, where the position of stress can be used as a derivational device to signal the syntactic category of a word (engl. contrást vs. cóntrast with distinctive stress) 2 , this kind of stress also fulfils contrastive functions in differentiating parts of speech; compare Vedic ésa-m. `the act of seeking or going after´ vs. e1á-`gliding, running, hastening´. As Wackernagel (1905: 19) states, barytonesis is generally characteristic of nouns in Vedic. But adjectives, too, often have a contrastive word stress. If 1 I owe critical remarks to Sergio Neri.
While the linguistic actions performed with speech acts are illocutions, delocutives describe spe... more While the linguistic actions performed with speech acts are illocutions, delocutives describe speech acts. Through this change of part of speech, so to speak, a speech act reduction takes place. It is a special form of metonymy. Another speech act reduction with change of part of speech concerns the derivation of process and state designations. Common are event nominalizations with and without argument structure and result normalizations. A question that will be discussed is: under what conditions are delocutives included in the general vocabulary? Three factors are crucial: There is a matching frame, the delocutive fits into a productive word formation type, and the metonymic (contiguity-based) change that takes place during delocution is easy to understand. Of these factors, word formation is also of interest because the productivity of a formation can contribute to the determination of the underlying language type. Is it an aspect language or a non-aspect language? However, it is also important for word formation that passive past participles, which are regularly made up of verbs, can be used as speech act formulas, so that the underlying expressions function as secondary delocutive forms. The data comes from different language levels of German, but also from other languages, Greek and Sanskrit. The investigation thus has a linguistic-historical and typological component. It concerns frames activated by delocution, word formation, also together with secondary delocutive formations, and a possible connection between word formation and language type.
Prince Pückler is considered a "speedy prolific author" in German Philology. His langua... more Prince Pückler is considered a "speedy prolific author" in German Philology. His language is characterized by his exorbitant of French expressions. An examination of his Travels in Franconia, however, demonstrates that Pückler primarily uses French vocabulary when a respective German term does not exist. This agrees with Pückler's own testimony, which admits to combining German and French at times.
L'A. etudie le systeme flexionnel des anciennes langues indo-europeennes (en particulier le v... more L'A. etudie le systeme flexionnel des anciennes langues indo-europeennes (en particulier le vieil indien, grec et hittite), afin d'observer la sous-specification du genre, du cas et du nombre dans ces langues. Apres avoir pose les bases theoriques de la morphologie minimaliste, il transpose ce modele pour l'etude des anciennes langues indo-europeennes. Cette analyse permet d'observer que dans ces langues, ou on marque le genre, genre et collectivite sont des categories fonctionnelles decisives. Le genre (paradigme defini par l'opposition masculin/feminin) influence la division des noms sur la base d'une distinction entre massique et comptable.
ABSTRACT Prince Pückler is considered a &quot;speedy prolific author&quot; in German Phil... more ABSTRACT Prince Pückler is considered a &quot;speedy prolific author&quot; in German Philology. His language is characterized by his exorbitant of French expressions. An examination of his Travels in Franconia, however, demonstrates that Pückler primarily uses French vocabulary when a respective German term does not exist. This agrees with Pückler&#39;s own testimony, which admits to combining German and French at times.
Abstract The term „Sprachgeist“ is essential for Bopp’s conception of language. So far this conce... more Abstract The term „Sprachgeist“ is essential for Bopp’s conception of language. So far this concept has been almost completely neglected in linguistic research. However, its use shows that Bopp is not only interested in the formal representation of languages, but that he considers language obviously from the perspective of the speaker of the language in his time, and, furthermore, that he tries actually to understand his own language and foreign and extinct languages as well. Firstly, the often-discussed concepts “Lautgesetz” and “Analogy” are compared with the concept “Sprachgeist”. Afterwards the use of these concepts is pursued within in the Germanic languages. The focus is on the verb ‘to be’ and the weak preterite.
This paper deals with a Latin reflexivization strategy distinct from other reflexive construction... more This paper deals with a Latin reflexivization strategy distinct from other reflexive constructions. It consists of first and second person pronouns which are used to emphasize the first and second person referents in Old Latin comedy by certain emphasizing elements like ‑
The typical Old Indo-European languages are pro-drop-languages. Therefore, the usage of pronouns ... more The typical Old Indo-European languages are pro-drop-languages. Therefore, the usage of pronouns for expressing the governing subject does not apply to standard sentences. As to be expected emphasized subject pronouns can then be used in marked situations – especially in the case of a contrastive topic. However, there is a third use that is not as trivial in the first place: The emphasized subject pronouns are supplemented by an additional particle. This third usage has a special function that is supposed to be determined in the following.
Beiträge zur Geschichte der deutschen Sprache und Literatur (PBB), 1991
Since its appearance in 1938 W. F. Twaddell's account of the development of OHG i-umlaut has ... more Since its appearance in 1938 W. F. Twaddell's account of the development of OHG i-umlaut has enjoyed virtually universal acceptance among linguists, often linguists of otherwise very different theoretical persuasions and interests. Twaddell's posing of the problem and its solution is this: »It is generally agreed that a group of modifications of vowels and diphthongs known collectively_as umlaut occurred in connection with a following palatal element, i, it or j; and that the modif ications begin to be represented orthographically in M HG, but not in OHG, except for the mutation of short a. A difficulty arises from the fact that, in large measure, the i, i, or j which >caused< the umlauting was no longer present in MHG. We are faced with two alternative interpretations: either the umlaut occurred after the disappearance of the condition a patent absurdity or the umlaut occurred in OHG times but for some reason was not recorded orthographically until some centuries later.«
The frequent combination of declinable stems with one another to form compounds which then are tr... more The frequent combination of declinable stems with one another to form compounds which then are treated as if simple, in respect to accent, inflection, and construction, is a conspicuous feature of the [Vedic] language, from its earliest period. (Whitney 1889: 480) 1 Preliminaries Greek and Vedic are languages whose accent-system is neither a stress-accent nor that of a tone language, but something in between. In Vedic, for instance, the Indish grammarians do not talk of strength, but of pitch (udā tta `high, prominent´). But pitch seems to be accompanied by some strengthening. Just as in English, where the position of stress can be used as a derivational device to signal the syntactic category of a word (engl. contrást vs. cóntrast with distinctive stress) 2 , this kind of stress also fulfils contrastive functions in differentiating parts of speech; compare Vedic ésa-m. `the act of seeking or going after´ vs. e1á-`gliding, running, hastening´. As Wackernagel (1905: 19) states, barytonesis is generally characteristic of nouns in Vedic. But adjectives, too, often have a contrastive word stress. If 1 I owe critical remarks to Sergio Neri.
While the linguistic actions performed with speech acts are illocutions, delocutives describe spe... more While the linguistic actions performed with speech acts are illocutions, delocutives describe speech acts. Through this change of part of speech, so to speak, a speech act reduction takes place. It is a special form of metonymy. Another speech act reduction with change of part of speech concerns the derivation of process and state designations. Common are event nominalizations with and without argument structure and result normalizations. A question that will be discussed is: under what conditions are delocutives included in the general vocabulary? Three factors are crucial: There is a matching frame, the delocutive fits into a productive word formation type, and the metonymic (contiguity-based) change that takes place during delocution is easy to understand. Of these factors, word formation is also of interest because the productivity of a formation can contribute to the determination of the underlying language type. Is it an aspect language or a non-aspect language? However, it is also important for word formation that passive past participles, which are regularly made up of verbs, can be used as speech act formulas, so that the underlying expressions function as secondary delocutive forms. The data comes from different language levels of German, but also from other languages, Greek and Sanskrit. The investigation thus has a linguistic-historical and typological component. It concerns frames activated by delocution, word formation, also together with secondary delocutive formations, and a possible connection between word formation and language type.
Prince Pückler is considered a "speedy prolific author" in German Philology. His langua... more Prince Pückler is considered a "speedy prolific author" in German Philology. His language is characterized by his exorbitant of French expressions. An examination of his Travels in Franconia, however, demonstrates that Pückler primarily uses French vocabulary when a respective German term does not exist. This agrees with Pückler's own testimony, which admits to combining German and French at times.
L'A. etudie le systeme flexionnel des anciennes langues indo-europeennes (en particulier le v... more L'A. etudie le systeme flexionnel des anciennes langues indo-europeennes (en particulier le vieil indien, grec et hittite), afin d'observer la sous-specification du genre, du cas et du nombre dans ces langues. Apres avoir pose les bases theoriques de la morphologie minimaliste, il transpose ce modele pour l'etude des anciennes langues indo-europeennes. Cette analyse permet d'observer que dans ces langues, ou on marque le genre, genre et collectivite sont des categories fonctionnelles decisives. Le genre (paradigme defini par l'opposition masculin/feminin) influence la division des noms sur la base d'une distinction entre massique et comptable.
ABSTRACT Prince Pückler is considered a &quot;speedy prolific author&quot; in German Phil... more ABSTRACT Prince Pückler is considered a &quot;speedy prolific author&quot; in German Philology. His language is characterized by his exorbitant of French expressions. An examination of his Travels in Franconia, however, demonstrates that Pückler primarily uses French vocabulary when a respective German term does not exist. This agrees with Pückler&#39;s own testimony, which admits to combining German and French at times.
Abstract The term „Sprachgeist“ is essential for Bopp’s conception of language. So far this conce... more Abstract The term „Sprachgeist“ is essential for Bopp’s conception of language. So far this concept has been almost completely neglected in linguistic research. However, its use shows that Bopp is not only interested in the formal representation of languages, but that he considers language obviously from the perspective of the speaker of the language in his time, and, furthermore, that he tries actually to understand his own language and foreign and extinct languages as well. Firstly, the often-discussed concepts “Lautgesetz” and “Analogy” are compared with the concept “Sprachgeist”. Afterwards the use of these concepts is pursued within in the Germanic languages. The focus is on the verb ‘to be’ and the weak preterite.
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