Data from 245 young adults, self-report measures covering: parenting style, distress, and alcohol... more Data from 245 young adults, self-report measures covering: parenting style, distress, and alcohol-related problems. Dysfunctional parenting styles were associated with increased distress and problematic alcohol use. Mediation model suggested that distress mediates the relationship between dysfunctional parenting styles and problematic alcohol use.
Guided by self-determination theory, we investigated the potential impact of work climate on empl... more Guided by self-determination theory, we investigated the potential impact of work climate on employee motivation, and pro-environmental behavior (PEB) inside and outside of the workplace. We found that in workplaces with stronger proenvironmental climates and at least moderate levels of autonomy support, employees reported higher levels of autonomous motivation to engage in PEB. In turn, autonomously motivated employees engaged in more PEBs, both inside and outside the workplace. Controlled motivation played a more limited role in predicting employee PEBs. Overall, our findings suggest work climates that support proenvironmental actions and employee autonomy may not only foster PEBs within the workplace but also lay the foundation for PEBs in other non-workplace settings. The current study assessed whether high green-person-organization fit (GPO; the extent to which an organization's commitment to pro-environmental outcomes is congruent with its employees' environmental values) predicts employees' intrinsic need satisfaction and engagement in the workplace. The sample consisted of 818 full-time Australian workers, sourced from an online panel. Consistent with the GPO model, pro-environmental work climate was a more potent predictor of intrinsic need satisfaction and engagement for employees with strong ecocentric values that those with weak ecocentric values. Mediation analyses revealed that the effect of work climate on employee engagement was fully mediated by intrinsic need satisfaction, and this effect was strongest when GPO fit was high. Overall, our findings suggest that organizations with pro-environmental work climates that match their employees' values have more satisfied and committed workforces.
Guided by self-determination theory, we investigated the potential impact of work climate on empl... more Guided by self-determination theory, we investigated the potential impact of work climate on employee motivation, and pro-environmental behavior (PEB) inside and outside of the workplace. We found that in workplaces with stronger pro-environmental climates and at least moderate levels of autonomy support, employees reported higher levels of autonomous motivation to engage in PEB. In turn, autonomously motivated employees engaged in more PEBs, both inside and outside the workplace. Controlled motivation played a more limited role in predicting employee PEBs. Overall, our findings suggest work climates that support pro-environmental actions and employee autonomy may not only foster PEBs within the workplace but also lay the foundation for PEBs in other non-workplace settings.
The current study assessed whether high green-person-organization fit (GPO; the extent to which a... more The current study assessed whether high green-person-organization fit (GPO; the extent to which an organization's commitment to pro-environmental outcomes is congruent with its employees' environmental values) predicts employees' intrinsic need satisfaction and engagement in the workplace. The sample consisted of 818 full-time Australian workers, which is sourced from an online panel. Consistent with the GPO model, pro-environmental work climate was a more potent predictor of intrinsic need satisfaction and engagement for employees with strong ecocentric values than those with weak ecocentric values. Mediation analyses revealed that the effect of work climate on employee engagement was fully mediated by intrinsic need satisfaction, and this effect was strongest when GPO fit was high. Overall, our findings suggest that organizations with pro-environmental work climates that match their employees' values have more satisfied and committed workforces.
This meta-analysis examined the strength of association between upward counterfactual thinking an... more This meta-analysis examined the strength of association between upward counterfactual thinking and depressive symptoms. Forty-two effect sizes from a pooled sample of 13,168 respondents produced a weighted average effect size of r = .26, p <.001. Moderator analyses using an expanded set of 96 effect sizes indicated that upward counterfactuals and regret produced significant positive effects that were similar in strength. Effects also did not vary as a function of the theme of the counterfactual-inducing situation or study design (crosssectional versus longitudinal). Significant effect size heterogeneity was observed across sample types, methods of assessing upward counterfactual thinking, and types of depression scale. Significant positive effects were found in studies that employed samples of bereaved individuals, older adults, terminally ill patients, or university students, but not adolescent mothers or mixed samples. Both number-based and Likert-based upward counterfactual thinking assessments produced significant positive effects, with the latter generating a larger effect. All depression scales produced significant positive effects, except for the Psychiatric Epidemiology Research Interview. Research and theoretical implications are discussed in relation to cognitive theories of depression and the functional theory of upward counterfactual thinking, and important gaps in the extant research literature are identified.
The international journal of organizational analysis, Nov 4, 2019
Purpose This study aims to examine whether an individual’s perception of the ethical culture of t... more Purpose This study aims to examine whether an individual’s perception of the ethical culture of their organisation could be used to predict their work motivation. Design/methodology/approach Using the corporate ethical virtues model as a foundation, the role of distributive justice was explored through the development of a composite measure for assessing ethical organisational culture. The resulting six-factor solution was then used. Australian employees (N = 330; Mage = 38.40) completed an online survey examining perceptions of ethical culture, distributive justice and work motivation. Findings Results indicated that higher work motivation was associated with a higher perception of an organisation’s ethical culture. Additionally, the six dimensions of ethical culture accounted for significant variance in worker motivation, with factors relating to congruency of peers, clarity and feasibility being the best predictors. Originality/value This study provides useful cues for future research and interventions enabling organisations to take a more targeted approach to influence their ethical culture and, consequently, an individual’s motivation to work.
Self-compassion is an adaptive emotion-regulation strategy characterised by self-kindness, common... more Self-compassion is an adaptive emotion-regulation strategy characterised by self-kindness, common humanity, and mindfulness. This cross-sectional study examined the mediating role of self-compassion in student psychological health. Method: An international sample of 306 tertiary students completed measures of self-compassion, well-being (satisfaction with life, flourishing, and positive affect), and distress (stress, negative affect, burnout, and depression). Results: Correlational analyses indicated that higher self-compassion was associated with higher well-being and lower distress. A series of multiple regression analyses indicated that self-compassion mediated the relationships between stress and depression, negative affect and depression, burnout and depression, and aggregate distress and aggregate well-being. Conclusion: Overall, the findings suggest that self-compassion may be a useful addition to interventions aimed at mitigating student distress and improving student well-being.
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
Does the "ideal" organization exist? Or do different workplace attributes attract different peopl... more Does the "ideal" organization exist? Or do different workplace attributes attract different people? And if so, what attributes attract what types of employees? This study combines person-organization fit theory and a policy capturing methodology to determine (a) which attributes are the strongest predictors of perceived organization attractiveness in a sample of Australian job seekers, and (b) whether the magnitude of these predictive effects varies as a function of job seekers' personal values. The design of this study is a randomized experiment of Australian job seekers who responded to an online survey invitation. Each of the 400 respondents received a random subset of 8 of 64 possible descriptions of organizations. Each description presented an organization that scored either high or low on six attributes based on the Employer Attractiveness Scale: economic, development, interest, social, application, and environmental value. Multi-level modelling revealed that all six attributes positively predicted job seekers' ratings of organization attractiveness, with the three strongest predictors being social, environmental, and application value. Moderation analyses revealed that participants with strong self-transcendent or weak self-enhancement values were most sensitive to the absence of social, environmental, and application value in workplaces, down-rating organizations that scored low on these attributes. Our results demonstrate how job seekers' personal values shape preferences for different types of workplaces. Organizations may be able to improve recruitment outcomes by matching working conditions to the personal values of workers they hope to employ.
Abstract Academic burnout can have serious consequences for university students. Students are pro... more Abstract Academic burnout can have serious consequences for university students. Students are prone to higher levels of stress and depression, poorer academic performance, and attrition from university. It is therefore important to investigate factors associated with these deleterious outcomes in order to assist educators develop effective programs to proactively address student well-being. The purpose of this study was to explore the associations between emotional intelligence (EI), student well-being, mindful self-care (MSC), and academic burnout. A further aim was to investigate the mediating role of MSC in the EI-burnout relationship. A sample of 216 university students (167 females; 78%) 18 years and older (M = 35.57, SD = 11.59) completed a battery of questionnaires associated with life satisfaction, EI, MSC, and academic burnout. Results found that EI was positively associated with well-being and MSC and negatively associated with each dimension of academic burnout. A series of multiple regression mediation analyses found that MSC mediated the relationship between EI and the exhaustion and efficacy dimensions of academic burnout. However, MSC did not mediate the relationship between EI and cynicism. The findings of this study suggest that MSC may be an important factor for improving student well-being and protecting against academic burnout.
Objective: This study assessed the effectiveness of interventions intended to mitigate anticipato... more Objective: This study assessed the effectiveness of interventions intended to mitigate anticipatory traumatic reaction, a form of future-focused distress occurring in response to threat-related media reports and discussions. Method: A stratified sample of 512 Australian adults (260 women and 252 men; mean age = 46.80, SD = 16.62) completed measures of anticipatory traumatic reaction, and positive and negative affect. Participants then viewed a stimulus video containing a series of terrorism and crime reports, and were randomly assigned to one of seven conditions. The conditions consisted of six brief online interventions, based on standard psychological treatments for anxiety and mood disorders, and one control condition. Results: A cognitive intervention to address probability neglect (p &lt; .001) and a mindfulness intervention (p = .036) both significantly attenuated momentary anticipatory traumatic reaction. Conclusions: This research provides information leading to better understanding the phenomenon of anticipatory traumatic reaction and pilot results related to reducing levels of distress for affected individuals.
Background: In 2006, 2010, 2014, and 2018, a large percentage of Icelandic adolescents aged 16 ye... more Background: In 2006, 2010, 2014, and 2018, a large percentage of Icelandic adolescents aged 16 years (class 10 at school) responded to the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) survey or 43.8%, 78.6%, 80.1%, and 50.4%, respectively. The surveys included questions covering topics such as health, sexual orientation, liking school, life satisfaction, and bullying. Objective(s): The main objective was to examine changes to various health and social indicators over time by sexual orientation. Method: Various health and social indicators from the different surveys were examined such as liking school, life satisfaction, bullying, general health, drug use, and support from family and friends. Results: Changes over time show that the situation for LGB adolescents, as compared with heterosexual adolescents, was generally worse in 2010 than in 2006. However, it has improved from 2010 to 2014 and again from 2014 to 2018. With the 2018 levels generally being much better than in 2006. Conclusions: Life for LGB adolescents in Iceland appears to be improving over time across various health and social indicators.
The effects of military culture on causal attributions in a physical training environment were ex... more The effects of military culture on causal attributions in a physical training environment were examined. The participants were male Australian Defense Force (ADF) members: 49 physical training instructors (mean age ϭ 32.21 years) and 63 physical training participants (mean age ϭ 34.22 years). Participants filled out a questionnaire describing 3 injury scenarios, each with a different severity of injury. The participants assigned causal attributes on 4 dimensions: lack of ability, environmental condition, lack of effort, and bad luck. There were main effects for scenario (low, moderate, and high severity of injury) and group (physical training instructors and injured trainee). Military culture may therefore encourage attributions that are internal and unstable. The results demonstrate the significant effect of military context on "normal" attribution biases. Therefore when seeking explanation of causation, there is a need to be aware of the tendency for those involved to distort attributions and how these distortions may be affected by a military context.
as soon as possible after acceptance. Copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof... more as soon as possible after acceptance. Copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof will be undertaken on this manuscript before final publication of the Version of Record (VoR). Please note that during production and pre-press, errors may be discovered which could affect the content.
Given the sampling proportions, the results reflect parameters (population values) rather than st... more Given the sampling proportions, the results reflect parameters (population values) rather than statistics (sample values). LGB adolescents were worse off across most of the psychosocial measures across the three surveys as compared with adolescents of unknown sexual orientation (USO). However, the gap between LGB and USO adolescents appears to be closing, at least for the 2010 to 2014 change, suggesting that outcomes for LGB adolescents have improved compared to four years earlier. Social support, liking school and one's classmates, being bullied, and physical and mental health all seem to play an important part in life satisfaction and general wellbeing. While advances have been made for LGB adolescents, gaps between LGB and USO adolescents still exist and need to be closed through evidence-based school and society-wide programs.
We describe a degenerate 1.064-μm-pumped pulsed optical parametric oscillator based on MgO:PPLN i... more We describe a degenerate 1.064-μm-pumped pulsed optical parametric oscillator based on MgO:PPLN in compact Littrow-grating cavity configuration, providing 2.7W of average power at 2.1μm with high spectral and power stability in good spatial beam quality.
Trauma can have far reaching effects-even for those who experience it indirectly. Compassion fati... more Trauma can have far reaching effects-even for those who experience it indirectly. Compassion fatigue, which often occurs for caring professionals who provide support for traumatized individuals, involves symptoms of secondary traumatic stress and job burnout. Anticipatory traumatic reaction is a future-focused form of distress arising from media reports and social discussions of disasters and large-scale negative events. The current study aimed to investigate the relationship and interactions between these two conditions, both stress responses arising from secondary exposure to trauma. A cohort of 48 youth workers completed measures of secondary traumatic stress, burnout, compassion satisfaction, general distress, and anticipatory traumatic reaction. Anticipatory traumatic reaction magnified the relationship between secondary traumatic stress and general distress. Mediation analysis showed that general distress connected secondary traumatic stress with burnout. Moderated mediation analyses indicated that anticipatory traumatic reaction interacted with general distress in connecting secondary traumatic stress with burnout. The results suggested that youth workers' levels of depression, anxiety, and stress may help link secondary traumatic stress to burnout. High levels of anticipatory traumatic reaction may exacerbate distress, potentially putting youth workers at greater risk of burnout. Longitudinal and experimental studies should clarify the interactions between anticipatory traumatic reaction and compassion fatigue and determine if anticipatory traumatic reaction can facilitate burnout for people in other occupations. It will be important to identify interventions to mitigate this form of distress.
Data from 245 young adults, self-report measures covering: parenting style, distress, and alcohol... more Data from 245 young adults, self-report measures covering: parenting style, distress, and alcohol-related problems. Dysfunctional parenting styles were associated with increased distress and problematic alcohol use. Mediation model suggested that distress mediates the relationship between dysfunctional parenting styles and problematic alcohol use.
Guided by self-determination theory, we investigated the potential impact of work climate on empl... more Guided by self-determination theory, we investigated the potential impact of work climate on employee motivation, and pro-environmental behavior (PEB) inside and outside of the workplace. We found that in workplaces with stronger proenvironmental climates and at least moderate levels of autonomy support, employees reported higher levels of autonomous motivation to engage in PEB. In turn, autonomously motivated employees engaged in more PEBs, both inside and outside the workplace. Controlled motivation played a more limited role in predicting employee PEBs. Overall, our findings suggest work climates that support proenvironmental actions and employee autonomy may not only foster PEBs within the workplace but also lay the foundation for PEBs in other non-workplace settings. The current study assessed whether high green-person-organization fit (GPO; the extent to which an organization's commitment to pro-environmental outcomes is congruent with its employees' environmental values) predicts employees' intrinsic need satisfaction and engagement in the workplace. The sample consisted of 818 full-time Australian workers, sourced from an online panel. Consistent with the GPO model, pro-environmental work climate was a more potent predictor of intrinsic need satisfaction and engagement for employees with strong ecocentric values that those with weak ecocentric values. Mediation analyses revealed that the effect of work climate on employee engagement was fully mediated by intrinsic need satisfaction, and this effect was strongest when GPO fit was high. Overall, our findings suggest that organizations with pro-environmental work climates that match their employees' values have more satisfied and committed workforces.
Guided by self-determination theory, we investigated the potential impact of work climate on empl... more Guided by self-determination theory, we investigated the potential impact of work climate on employee motivation, and pro-environmental behavior (PEB) inside and outside of the workplace. We found that in workplaces with stronger pro-environmental climates and at least moderate levels of autonomy support, employees reported higher levels of autonomous motivation to engage in PEB. In turn, autonomously motivated employees engaged in more PEBs, both inside and outside the workplace. Controlled motivation played a more limited role in predicting employee PEBs. Overall, our findings suggest work climates that support pro-environmental actions and employee autonomy may not only foster PEBs within the workplace but also lay the foundation for PEBs in other non-workplace settings.
The current study assessed whether high green-person-organization fit (GPO; the extent to which a... more The current study assessed whether high green-person-organization fit (GPO; the extent to which an organization's commitment to pro-environmental outcomes is congruent with its employees' environmental values) predicts employees' intrinsic need satisfaction and engagement in the workplace. The sample consisted of 818 full-time Australian workers, which is sourced from an online panel. Consistent with the GPO model, pro-environmental work climate was a more potent predictor of intrinsic need satisfaction and engagement for employees with strong ecocentric values than those with weak ecocentric values. Mediation analyses revealed that the effect of work climate on employee engagement was fully mediated by intrinsic need satisfaction, and this effect was strongest when GPO fit was high. Overall, our findings suggest that organizations with pro-environmental work climates that match their employees' values have more satisfied and committed workforces.
This meta-analysis examined the strength of association between upward counterfactual thinking an... more This meta-analysis examined the strength of association between upward counterfactual thinking and depressive symptoms. Forty-two effect sizes from a pooled sample of 13,168 respondents produced a weighted average effect size of r = .26, p <.001. Moderator analyses using an expanded set of 96 effect sizes indicated that upward counterfactuals and regret produced significant positive effects that were similar in strength. Effects also did not vary as a function of the theme of the counterfactual-inducing situation or study design (crosssectional versus longitudinal). Significant effect size heterogeneity was observed across sample types, methods of assessing upward counterfactual thinking, and types of depression scale. Significant positive effects were found in studies that employed samples of bereaved individuals, older adults, terminally ill patients, or university students, but not adolescent mothers or mixed samples. Both number-based and Likert-based upward counterfactual thinking assessments produced significant positive effects, with the latter generating a larger effect. All depression scales produced significant positive effects, except for the Psychiatric Epidemiology Research Interview. Research and theoretical implications are discussed in relation to cognitive theories of depression and the functional theory of upward counterfactual thinking, and important gaps in the extant research literature are identified.
The international journal of organizational analysis, Nov 4, 2019
Purpose This study aims to examine whether an individual’s perception of the ethical culture of t... more Purpose This study aims to examine whether an individual’s perception of the ethical culture of their organisation could be used to predict their work motivation. Design/methodology/approach Using the corporate ethical virtues model as a foundation, the role of distributive justice was explored through the development of a composite measure for assessing ethical organisational culture. The resulting six-factor solution was then used. Australian employees (N = 330; Mage = 38.40) completed an online survey examining perceptions of ethical culture, distributive justice and work motivation. Findings Results indicated that higher work motivation was associated with a higher perception of an organisation’s ethical culture. Additionally, the six dimensions of ethical culture accounted for significant variance in worker motivation, with factors relating to congruency of peers, clarity and feasibility being the best predictors. Originality/value This study provides useful cues for future research and interventions enabling organisations to take a more targeted approach to influence their ethical culture and, consequently, an individual’s motivation to work.
Self-compassion is an adaptive emotion-regulation strategy characterised by self-kindness, common... more Self-compassion is an adaptive emotion-regulation strategy characterised by self-kindness, common humanity, and mindfulness. This cross-sectional study examined the mediating role of self-compassion in student psychological health. Method: An international sample of 306 tertiary students completed measures of self-compassion, well-being (satisfaction with life, flourishing, and positive affect), and distress (stress, negative affect, burnout, and depression). Results: Correlational analyses indicated that higher self-compassion was associated with higher well-being and lower distress. A series of multiple regression analyses indicated that self-compassion mediated the relationships between stress and depression, negative affect and depression, burnout and depression, and aggregate distress and aggregate well-being. Conclusion: Overall, the findings suggest that self-compassion may be a useful addition to interventions aimed at mitigating student distress and improving student well-being.
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
Does the "ideal" organization exist? Or do different workplace attributes attract different peopl... more Does the "ideal" organization exist? Or do different workplace attributes attract different people? And if so, what attributes attract what types of employees? This study combines person-organization fit theory and a policy capturing methodology to determine (a) which attributes are the strongest predictors of perceived organization attractiveness in a sample of Australian job seekers, and (b) whether the magnitude of these predictive effects varies as a function of job seekers' personal values. The design of this study is a randomized experiment of Australian job seekers who responded to an online survey invitation. Each of the 400 respondents received a random subset of 8 of 64 possible descriptions of organizations. Each description presented an organization that scored either high or low on six attributes based on the Employer Attractiveness Scale: economic, development, interest, social, application, and environmental value. Multi-level modelling revealed that all six attributes positively predicted job seekers' ratings of organization attractiveness, with the three strongest predictors being social, environmental, and application value. Moderation analyses revealed that participants with strong self-transcendent or weak self-enhancement values were most sensitive to the absence of social, environmental, and application value in workplaces, down-rating organizations that scored low on these attributes. Our results demonstrate how job seekers' personal values shape preferences for different types of workplaces. Organizations may be able to improve recruitment outcomes by matching working conditions to the personal values of workers they hope to employ.
Abstract Academic burnout can have serious consequences for university students. Students are pro... more Abstract Academic burnout can have serious consequences for university students. Students are prone to higher levels of stress and depression, poorer academic performance, and attrition from university. It is therefore important to investigate factors associated with these deleterious outcomes in order to assist educators develop effective programs to proactively address student well-being. The purpose of this study was to explore the associations between emotional intelligence (EI), student well-being, mindful self-care (MSC), and academic burnout. A further aim was to investigate the mediating role of MSC in the EI-burnout relationship. A sample of 216 university students (167 females; 78%) 18 years and older (M = 35.57, SD = 11.59) completed a battery of questionnaires associated with life satisfaction, EI, MSC, and academic burnout. Results found that EI was positively associated with well-being and MSC and negatively associated with each dimension of academic burnout. A series of multiple regression mediation analyses found that MSC mediated the relationship between EI and the exhaustion and efficacy dimensions of academic burnout. However, MSC did not mediate the relationship between EI and cynicism. The findings of this study suggest that MSC may be an important factor for improving student well-being and protecting against academic burnout.
Objective: This study assessed the effectiveness of interventions intended to mitigate anticipato... more Objective: This study assessed the effectiveness of interventions intended to mitigate anticipatory traumatic reaction, a form of future-focused distress occurring in response to threat-related media reports and discussions. Method: A stratified sample of 512 Australian adults (260 women and 252 men; mean age = 46.80, SD = 16.62) completed measures of anticipatory traumatic reaction, and positive and negative affect. Participants then viewed a stimulus video containing a series of terrorism and crime reports, and were randomly assigned to one of seven conditions. The conditions consisted of six brief online interventions, based on standard psychological treatments for anxiety and mood disorders, and one control condition. Results: A cognitive intervention to address probability neglect (p &lt; .001) and a mindfulness intervention (p = .036) both significantly attenuated momentary anticipatory traumatic reaction. Conclusions: This research provides information leading to better understanding the phenomenon of anticipatory traumatic reaction and pilot results related to reducing levels of distress for affected individuals.
Background: In 2006, 2010, 2014, and 2018, a large percentage of Icelandic adolescents aged 16 ye... more Background: In 2006, 2010, 2014, and 2018, a large percentage of Icelandic adolescents aged 16 years (class 10 at school) responded to the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) survey or 43.8%, 78.6%, 80.1%, and 50.4%, respectively. The surveys included questions covering topics such as health, sexual orientation, liking school, life satisfaction, and bullying. Objective(s): The main objective was to examine changes to various health and social indicators over time by sexual orientation. Method: Various health and social indicators from the different surveys were examined such as liking school, life satisfaction, bullying, general health, drug use, and support from family and friends. Results: Changes over time show that the situation for LGB adolescents, as compared with heterosexual adolescents, was generally worse in 2010 than in 2006. However, it has improved from 2010 to 2014 and again from 2014 to 2018. With the 2018 levels generally being much better than in 2006. Conclusions: Life for LGB adolescents in Iceland appears to be improving over time across various health and social indicators.
The effects of military culture on causal attributions in a physical training environment were ex... more The effects of military culture on causal attributions in a physical training environment were examined. The participants were male Australian Defense Force (ADF) members: 49 physical training instructors (mean age ϭ 32.21 years) and 63 physical training participants (mean age ϭ 34.22 years). Participants filled out a questionnaire describing 3 injury scenarios, each with a different severity of injury. The participants assigned causal attributes on 4 dimensions: lack of ability, environmental condition, lack of effort, and bad luck. There were main effects for scenario (low, moderate, and high severity of injury) and group (physical training instructors and injured trainee). Military culture may therefore encourage attributions that are internal and unstable. The results demonstrate the significant effect of military context on "normal" attribution biases. Therefore when seeking explanation of causation, there is a need to be aware of the tendency for those involved to distort attributions and how these distortions may be affected by a military context.
as soon as possible after acceptance. Copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof... more as soon as possible after acceptance. Copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof will be undertaken on this manuscript before final publication of the Version of Record (VoR). Please note that during production and pre-press, errors may be discovered which could affect the content.
Given the sampling proportions, the results reflect parameters (population values) rather than st... more Given the sampling proportions, the results reflect parameters (population values) rather than statistics (sample values). LGB adolescents were worse off across most of the psychosocial measures across the three surveys as compared with adolescents of unknown sexual orientation (USO). However, the gap between LGB and USO adolescents appears to be closing, at least for the 2010 to 2014 change, suggesting that outcomes for LGB adolescents have improved compared to four years earlier. Social support, liking school and one's classmates, being bullied, and physical and mental health all seem to play an important part in life satisfaction and general wellbeing. While advances have been made for LGB adolescents, gaps between LGB and USO adolescents still exist and need to be closed through evidence-based school and society-wide programs.
We describe a degenerate 1.064-μm-pumped pulsed optical parametric oscillator based on MgO:PPLN i... more We describe a degenerate 1.064-μm-pumped pulsed optical parametric oscillator based on MgO:PPLN in compact Littrow-grating cavity configuration, providing 2.7W of average power at 2.1μm with high spectral and power stability in good spatial beam quality.
Trauma can have far reaching effects-even for those who experience it indirectly. Compassion fati... more Trauma can have far reaching effects-even for those who experience it indirectly. Compassion fatigue, which often occurs for caring professionals who provide support for traumatized individuals, involves symptoms of secondary traumatic stress and job burnout. Anticipatory traumatic reaction is a future-focused form of distress arising from media reports and social discussions of disasters and large-scale negative events. The current study aimed to investigate the relationship and interactions between these two conditions, both stress responses arising from secondary exposure to trauma. A cohort of 48 youth workers completed measures of secondary traumatic stress, burnout, compassion satisfaction, general distress, and anticipatory traumatic reaction. Anticipatory traumatic reaction magnified the relationship between secondary traumatic stress and general distress. Mediation analysis showed that general distress connected secondary traumatic stress with burnout. Moderated mediation analyses indicated that anticipatory traumatic reaction interacted with general distress in connecting secondary traumatic stress with burnout. The results suggested that youth workers' levels of depression, anxiety, and stress may help link secondary traumatic stress to burnout. High levels of anticipatory traumatic reaction may exacerbate distress, potentially putting youth workers at greater risk of burnout. Longitudinal and experimental studies should clarify the interactions between anticipatory traumatic reaction and compassion fatigue and determine if anticipatory traumatic reaction can facilitate burnout for people in other occupations. It will be important to identify interventions to mitigate this form of distress.
Research suggests that mental health and wellbeing can be adversely affected in minority sexual o... more Research suggests that mental health and wellbeing can be adversely affected in minority sexual orientation adolescents. The total population of 16 year olds in Iceland were surveyed in 2006, 2010, and 2014. Of those, about 3.1%, 3.6%, and 4.4%, respectively, identified as lesbian, gay, or bisexual (LGB). Participants completed questions relating to school and life satisfaction (including liking school and classmate friendliness and acceptance); bullying (whether they had been bullied or been a bully); family’s financial situation; social support (from friends and family); general health and condom use; and drug use. Results indicated that compared to adolescents of unknown sexual orientation, LGB adolescents tended to experience more negative outcomes across all three time points. They disliked school and experienced lower classmate acceptance; had lower life satisfaction; were more likely to be bullied or be a bully; had a worse family financial situation; had less social support from friends and family; and a greater prevalence of drug use and worse overall general health. However, this disparity appears to be receding. From 2010 to 2014, some positive changes were observed for LGB adolescents, including an increased liking of school; reductions in being bullied or bullying others; improvements in the family financial situation; increased social support from family and friends; and reduced drug use. While improvements in wellbeing and health are beginning to occur, gaps still exist and could be addressed via school- and society-based programs.
In 2006, 2010, and 2014, the whole population of year 10 students in Iceland were surveyed and re... more In 2006, 2010, and 2014, the whole population of year 10 students in Iceland were surveyed and responded to a number of questions related to sexual orientation, health, and life satisfaction. About 3.1% (2006), 3.6% (2010), and 4.4% (2014) identified as lesbian, gay, or bisexual (LGB), whereas about 3.9%, 4.3%, and 5.6%, respectively, were assessed as being of unknown sexual orientation (USO). Results across the three survey time points indicated that, in general, LGB adolescents experienced more adverse outcomes compared to USO adolescents. LGB adolescents tended to experience reduced life satisfaction, were more likely to dislike school, and were more likely to be bullied. Some sex differences were also apparent, especially with respect to school satisfaction. While the gaps between LGB and USO adolescents still exist, some progress appears to be occurring, and this was especially evident from 2010 to 2014. However, more work still needs to be done both in schools and society to assist minority sexual orientation adolescents navigate this pivotal time in their development.
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