Papers by Marie-Ève Blanc
Encyclopedia of Diasporas, 2005
Transtext(e)s Transcultures 跨文本跨文化, 2006
La difficulté d'échapper à sa « bonne réputation » : l'immigrant vietnamien dans la presse en Fra... more La difficulté d'échapper à sa « bonne réputation » : l'immigrant vietnamien dans la presse en France et au Canada The problem of shaking off a "good reputation": the Vietnamese immigrant in the French and Canadian press Marie-Eve Blanc
International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, Mar 20, 2020
In this paper, I attempt to demonstrate that environmental virtue ethics (EVE) fails to provide s... more In this paper, I attempt to demonstrate that environmental virtue ethics (EVE) fails to provide sufficient justification for the hunting of nonhuman animals. In order to do this, I examine an EVE justification for the hunting of nonhuman animals and argue that it gives rise to the following dilemma: either EVE justifies the hunting of both human and nonhuman animals, or it justifies the hunting of neither. I then submit that the first lemma ought to be rejected as absurd and, thus, that the second lemma ought to be embraced
Canadian Journal of Public Health-revue Canadienne De Sante Publique, 2010
Occupational Medicine, 2018
Background Despite mounting evidence on the association between work stress and burnout, there is... more Background Despite mounting evidence on the association between work stress and burnout, there is limited knowledge about the extent to which workers' age and gender are associated with burnout. Aims To evaluate the relationship between age, gender and their interaction with burnout in a sample of Canadian workers. Methods Data were collected in 2009-12 from a sample of 2073 Canadian workers from 63 workplaces in the province of Quebec. Data were analysed with multilevel regression models to test for linear and nonlinear relationships between age and burnout. Analyses adjusted for marital status, parental status, educational level and number of working hours were conducted on the total sample and stratified by gender. Results Data were collected from a sample of 2073 Canadian workers (response rate 73%). Age followed a non-linear relationship with emotional exhaustion and total burnout, while it was linearly related to cynicism and reduced professional efficacy. Burnout level reduced with increasing age in men, but the association was bimodal in women, with women aged between 20-35 and over 55 years showing the highest burnout level. Conclusions These results suggest that burnout symptoms varied greatly according to different life stages of working men and women. Younger men, and women aged between 20-35 and 55 years and over are particularly susceptible and should be targeted for programmes to reduce risk of burnout.
Asia-Pacific Population Journal, 2002
Globally, 40 million adults and children were living with HIV (human immunodeficiency virus)/AIDS... more Globally, 40 million adults and children were living with HIV (human immunodeficiency virus)/AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) at the end of 2001. Of infected adults, 48 per cent were women. In 2001, the global
Journal of Family Issues, 2018
This study tested a differential exposure explanation of the association between sex categories a... more This study tested a differential exposure explanation of the association between sex categories and work–family conflict. It addresses the question of why men and women may experience similar or dissimilar levels of work–family conflict and tests whether differences are due to their different gendered demands and resources. Drawing from a sample of 1,751 employed adults from 63 workplaces, the results suggest that women spend less time in paid employment than do men; a gendered response that is associated with lower work-to-family conflict, but higher family-to-work conflict. Women were also found to be less involved in irregular work schedules, which is associated with lower work-to-family conflict. The differential exposure explanation was also supported by indirect effects involving commute time, family income, and social support outside work.
Canadian Journal of Public Health, 2015
Cet article examine la contribution du genre, de l'âge, de la catégorie professionnelle et du sec... more Cet article examine la contribution du genre, de l'âge, de la catégorie professionnelle et du secteur économique sur la détresse psychologique, la dépression et l'épuisement professionnel. MÉTHODE : Les données proviennent de l'étude SALVEO menée en 2009-2012 auprès de 63 établissements et 2 162 travailleurs canadiens. Des modèles multiniveaux de régression logistique ont été estimés sur l'échantillon total et pour les hommes et les femmes séparément. RÉSULTATS : La prévalence de la détresse psychologique atteint 23,8 %, la dépression 5,8 % et l'épuisement professionnel 3,9 %. Les problèmes de santé mentale varient entre les établissements, mais cette variation est plus forte pour l'épuisement professionnel. Les différences hommes-femmes sont significatives seulement pour la détresse psychologique, la dépression et l'épuisement émotionnel. La catégorie personnels et ouvriers non-qualifiés s'avère plus particulièrement à risque pour la dépression et l'épuisement professionnel. Les associations entre l'âge, la catégorie professionnelle et le secteur économique ne sont pas les mêmes selon le genre. CONCLUSION : Les résultats de l'étude SALVEO mettent en évidence des problèmes importants de santé mentale qui varient entre les établissements, et des différences dans la symptomatologie selon le genre, l'âge, la catégorie professionnelle et le secteur économique, ainsi que des profils de relations différenciés selon le genre. Ces résultats pointent vers le développement d'approches plus ciblées pour la prévention et l'intervention en entreprise.
BMJ open, Jan 4, 2015
This study aimed to evaluate the contribution of work, non-work and individual factors to obesity... more This study aimed to evaluate the contribution of work, non-work and individual factors to obesity with regard to gender-related differences, and to clarify the mediating role that psychological distress plays in these dynamics in Canada from 1994 to 2008 using the Canadian National Population Health Survey (NPHS). Longitudinal. The NPHS is a randomised longitudinal cohort study with biennial interviews of the Canadian adult population from 18 to 64. 5925 non-obese workers in cycle 1 (49% were women). Obesity was measured using the body mass index (BMI), with a threshold of BMI >30 kg/m(2). BMI was corrected in accordance with the recommendations of Connor Gorber et al to adjust for gender bias in responses. Of the work characteristics evaluated, only decision authority was associated with obesity for women but not for men. Living as a couple, child-related strains, psychotropic drug use, hypertension, being physically inactive and low psychological distress were obesity risk fact...
Substance Use & Misuse, 2011
Journal of Occupational Health, 2010
Substantial effects for non-work and individual factors were found, including neighborhood, socia... more Substantial effects for non-work and individual factors were found, including neighborhood, social support outside the workplace, demographics, physical health, personality traits, and life habits. Conclusions: This study found that work characteristics made a limited contribution to the onset of psychological distress, but social support in the workplace clearly proved to be an important protective factor. Enterprises must pay special attention to how colleagues and supervisors act to help workers complete tasks.
BMC Public Health, 2011
Background: In the past years, cumulative evidence has convincingly demonstrated that the work en... more Background: In the past years, cumulative evidence has convincingly demonstrated that the work environment is a critical determinant of workers' mental health. Nevertheless, much less attention has been dedicated towards understanding the pathways through which other pivotal life environments might also concomitantly intervene, along with the work environment, to bring about mental health outcomes in the workforce. The aim of this study consisted in conducting a systematic review examining the relative contribution of non-work determinants to the prediction of workers' mental health in order to bridge that gap in knowledge. Methods: We searched electronic databases and bibliographies up to 2008 for observational longitudinal studies jointly investigating work and non-work determinants of workers' mental health. A narrative synthesis (MOOSE) was performed to synthesize data and provide an assessment of study conceptual and methodological quality. Results: Thirteen studies were selected for evaluation. Seven of these were of relatively high methodological quality. Assessment of study conceptual quality yielded modest analytical breadth and depth in the ways studies conceptualized the non-work domain as defined by family, network and community/society-level indicators. We found evidence of moderate strength supporting a causal association between social support from the networks and workers' mental health, but insufficient evidence of specific indicator involvement for other analytical levels considered (i.e., family, community/society). Conclusions: Largely underinvestigated, non-work determinants are important to the prediction of workers' mental health. More longitudinal studies concomitantly investigating work and non-work determinants of workers' mental health are warranted to better inform healthy workplace research, intervention, and policy.
Canadian Journal of Public Health, 2010
L a consommation de médicaments psychotropes dans la population canadienne constitue un coût soci... more L a consommation de médicaments psychotropes dans la population canadienne constitue un coût social et économique important. La prévalence de l'usage de médicaments psychotropes s'établit à 7,2 % dans la population générale âgée de 15 ans et plus en 2002 1. Le nombre total de prescriptions pour des antidépresseurs a augmenté de 353 % entre 1980 et 2000 2. En 1998, pour l'ensemble des problèmes de santé mentale 1,1 milliard de dollars ont été dépensé en médicaments, soit 8,8 % des dépenses directes pour cette catégorie de problèmes de santé 3. Le coût du traitement de la dépression par les seuls antidépresseurs était estimé à un total de 534,4 millions de dollars en 2000 2. Cependant, très peu d'études se sont penchées sur la prévalence de la consommation de médicaments psychotropes chez les travailleurs. Nous avons pu identifier 27 études dont 9 avaient un devis longitudinal et 4 utilisaient des échantillons représentatifs de la main-d'oeuvre (1 en devis longitudinal). Aucune étude n'a porté sur l'incidence de cette consommation, c'est-à-dire l'apparition de nouveaux cas de consommation de médicaments psychotropes sur une période donnée, ainsi que les facteurs qui pourraient être reliés à celle-ci. Selon les données disponibles au Canada, 8 % des travailleurs en 1994-1995 rapportaient avoir utilisé au cours du dernier mois au moins un médicament de type tranquillisants, antidépresseurs, codéine, Demerol, morphine ou pilules pour dormir 4 et 11 % auraient consommé au moins un médicament psychotrope entre 1994-1995 et 1998-1999 5. Quelques études montrent qu'il y a peu de variations entre les professions 6,7. Celles qui avaient une prévalence plus élevée étaient les enseignants du primaire 8 , les professions de soutien administratif ou cols blancs 9,10 , les cadres ou les professions intellectuelles 11 , alors que les agriculteurs présenteraient la prévalence la plus faible 11. Au plan des conditions de travail, une demande psychologique élevée 6,9 , une tension élevée au travail 4,9,12,13 , et un stress perçu élevé 14 augmenteraient le risque de consommation de médicaments psychotropes chez les travailleurs, de même qu'un capital social faible 15 ou un soutien social faible au travail 4,6,13,16. L'insécurité d'emploi 4,6,14,17 ou un emploi temporaire 18 augmenteraient aussi ce risque. Également, une faible satisfaction au travail 14,19 et un déséquilibre efforts-récompenses chez les hommes 20 seraient associés à un risque de consommation de médicaments psychotropes plus élevé. On note aussi parmi d'autres études que la violence ou l'intimidation au travail auraient aussi un effet sur cette consommation 19. Au-delà du travail lui-même, des conditions hors travail s'associeraient à la consommation de médicaments psychotropes : une faible satisfaction hors-travail et des problèmes extraprofessionnels 14,21,22 , l'interférence des demandes de la famille par rapport aux demandes du travail chez les femmes travaillant à
Ce numéro thématique est consacré à la santé en Asie du Sud-Est. A travers 9 articles originaux e... more Ce numéro thématique est consacré à la santé en Asie du Sud-Est. A travers 9 articles originaux et 3 notes de recherche, il présente la pluralité de l’offre thérapeutique et la diversité des pratiques de soin et de santé, spécifiques ou non, à cette partie du monde. Les dimensions culturelles et sociales des maladies et des épidémies y sont développées dans une approche comparative. La santé et la maladie sont considérées dans la diversité de leurs interprétations, de leurs prises en charge, des interactions entre soignés et soignants, qu’ils soient biomédecins, moines, devins ou médiums. Elles sont aussi le miroir des sociétés sud-est asiatiques, à la fois continentales et insulaires, bouddhistes, confucéennes et musulmanes, partagées entre traditions séculaires et modernité accélérée
Abstract: This study examined the associations between occupational groups; work-organization con... more Abstract: This study examined the associations between occupational groups; work-organization conditions based on task design; demands, social relations, and gratifications; and weekly high-risk alcohol consumption among Canadian workers. A secondary data analysis was performed on Cycle 2.1 of the Canadian Community Health Survey conducted by Statistics Canada in 2003. The sample consisted of 76,136 employees 15 years of age and older nested in 2,451 neighbourhoods. High-risk alcohol consumption is defined in accordance with Canadian guidelines for weekly low-risk alcohol consumption. The prevalence of weekly high-risk alcohol consumption is estimated to be 8.1 % among workers. The results obtained using multilevel logistic regression analysis suggest that increased work hours and job insecurity are associated with elevated odds of high-risk alcohol consumption. Gender female, older age, being in couple and living with children associated with lower odds of high-risk drinking, while...
Revue internationale des sciences sociales, 2005
Quelques clés pour comprendre la discrimination et ses implications pour la stratégie de préventi... more Quelques clés pour comprendre la discrimination et ses implications pour la stratégie de prévention du sida Marie-Ève Blanc ERES | « Revue internationale des sciences sociales » 2005/4 n° 186 | pages 729 à 743
The contribution of occupation and work organisation conditions to the development of chronic psy... more The contribution of occupation and work organisation conditions to the development of chronic psychological distress in the Canadian workforce was examined. Longitudinal data came from the first five cycles (Cycle 1=1994-1995, Cycle 5=2002-2003) of Statistics Canada's National Population Health Survey. A sample of 5,500 workers nested in 1,300 neighbourhoods and aged 15 to 55 years. Data had a hierarchical structure and were analysed using multilevel logistic regression models. The results showed 46.4% of workers reported one episode of psychological distress, 23.5% more than one, and 10.6% three or more. Psychological distress decreased over time and varied significantly between individuals and neighbourhoods. Occupation was not significant, but psychological demands, job insecurity, and social support in the workplace were important determinants. The results showed strong contributions of individual and outside work factors (family, social support, neighbourhood). Research in occupational mental health must expand theoretical and empirical frameworks in order to capture actual workplace dynamics and the effects on workers' mental health. Interventions designed to reduce mental health problems should carefully evaluate not only the work environment itself, but also non-work factors and other individual characteristics.
Uploads
Papers by Marie-Ève Blanc