Base de dados : REPIDISCA. Pesquisa : 8638 [Identificador único]. Referências encontradas : 1 [re... more Base de dados : REPIDISCA. Pesquisa : 8638 [Identificador único]. Referências encontradas : 1 [refinar]. Mostrando: 1 .. 1 no formato [Detalhado]. página 1 de 1, 1 / 1, REPIDISCA, seleciona. para imprimir. Fotocópia. Id: 8638. Autor ...
The objective of this conference is to foster greater exchange between the agricultural and fores... more The objective of this conference is to foster greater exchange between the agricultural and forestry sectors on the science and application of producing crops for biofuels, bioenergy, and bioproducts. However, the real challenge and opportunity lies in how agricultural and ...
This archival publication may not reflect current scientific knowledge or recommendations. Curren... more This archival publication may not reflect current scientific knowledge or recommendations. Current information is available from the University of Minnesota Extension: https://www.extension.umn.edu.As an agroforestry practice, Silvopasture intentionally integrates livestock, forage production, and trees into an intensively managed system. The forage, trees, and livestock in silvopasture complement one another to increase productivity. The practice of silvopasture provides annual income from livestock (e.g., meat, dairy products) while fostering long-term economic benefits from trees including timber, fence posts, firewood, fruit, and nuts. This guidebook was created to increase awareness of silvopasture in Minnesota.This guidebook was developed as a component of the Legislative-Citizen Commission on Minnesota Resources (LCCMR) funded project “Enhancing Environmental and Economic Benefits of Woodland Grazing” Legal Citation: M.L. 2013, Chp. 52, Sec. 2, Subd. 03j. Funding was also provided by the Central Region Sustainable Development Partnership (CRSDP) – University of Minnesota Extension
In order to reduce economic and national security risks, U.S. energy policy, in 2005 and 2007, ma... more In order to reduce economic and national security risks, U.S. energy policy, in 2005 and 2007, mandated production of renewable biofuels. By 2010, the renewable biofuel industry was consuming approximately one-third of domestic corn and soybean production. To meet this growing demand, conservation and pastureland has been cultivated with corn and soybean, resulting in a reduction in ecosystem services. Perennial bioenergy crops (e.g., switchgrass) offer a more sustainable alternative. However, unlike annual crops, farmers and landowners have little experience with perennial bioenergy crop production. Uncertainty in production and prices may impact the supply of these novel crops into an emerging market. Using a contingent supply method, we show that agricultural landowners are willing to produce perennial bioenergy crops, given competitive returns, but only on a portion of their land.
This white paper is one of three papers produced by the Minnesota Terrestrial Carbon Sequestratio... more This white paper is one of three papers produced by the Minnesota Terrestrial Carbon Sequestration Project, a research and public forum on biophysical, economic, and policy aspects of terrestrial sequestration. The Project is sponsored by the University of Minnesota Water Resources ...
Understanding the nature and degree of competition between trees and co-planted crops in agrofore... more Understanding the nature and degree of competition between trees and co-planted crops in agroforestry systems can inform management decisions, future species selection, and system design. We measured variation in herbaceous biomass yield, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), soil water potential, and residual soil NO 3 in alley cropping systems consisting of prairie cordgrass (Spartina pectinata) or an 11-species native grass-forb-legume polyculture planted between rows of shrub willow (Salix purpurea L. 'Fish Creek') at two Minnesota sites. At Empire, biomass yield increased with distance from the tree row for both alley crops, as did PAR and NO 3 availability. At Granada, no spatial pattern in crop yield was evident, despite reduced PAR and NO 3 availability adjacent to tree rows. At both sites, patterns in soil water potential suggested that trees competed with crops for soil water within 2.4 m of tree rows, but had a facilitative effect on crop water use at 4.8 m. Alleys had differing cardinal orientations at the two sites, and light availability was lower in a north-south alley (Empire) than in west-east and northwest-southeast orientations (Granada). At Empire, mixed effects analysis indicated that competition for light and soil water were responsible for reductions in crop yield. For every 100 lmol m-2 s-1 increase in PAR, model estimated herbaceous crop yield increased by 623 kg DM ha-1. For every 20 kPa increase in average daily water potential, crop yield increased by 1038 kg DM ha-1. The relative impact of competition on biomass yield was similar for both crops, though prairie cordgrass had higher average yields at Empire. Similar alley systems should avoid north-south alley orientations to minimize competition for light.
Abstract Internationally, the decentralization of forest management from central government contr... more Abstract Internationally, the decentralization of forest management from central government control to collaborative stewardship by local communities is gaining popularity. Forest decentralization is seen as a means of promoting both conservation and community economic development while decreasing government agencies’ management burdens. However, not all community forest programs have been able to successfully achieve both forest conservation and socio-economic development. A growing body of literature identifies under what circumstances local groups can collective action dilemmas in resource management. While a wealth of literature focuses on institutional influence in common-pool resource management, recent research emphasizes the need to understand both how the local context and local governance structures influence community forestry outcomes. The goal of this study is to understand how governance and community resources interact to facilitate or impede the establishment and management of community-based forest enterprises. This paper addresses this question through a cross-case analysis of community forest enterprises in the Maya Biosphere Reserve. Results highlight the importance of social capital reflecting a growing body of research that has found that local-level network-based relationships are an important factor that either facilitates or impedes community governance processes. In addition, for many attributes of good governance, the resources that are typically seen as the most difficult to measure such as cultural capital, human capital and social relationships were also seen as having the greatest impact on governance.
To reach the goal set by the United States Department of Energy to replace 30% of 2004 gasoline u... more To reach the goal set by the United States Department of Energy to replace 30% of 2004 gasoline usage with biofuels by 2030, the U.S. will need to consider diverse biomass feedstock sources, such as the plant genus Alnus. This genus contains nitrogen-fixing species that grow in a wide variety of challenging conditions. This study focused on 13 species of Alnus and was designed to determine survival, and above ground biomass production in five diverse environments unsuitable for food production agriculture in Minnesota, USA. Additionally, seven Salix and four Populus selections, that have been tested in short rotation woody biomass systems, were included for comparative analysis. Ten of the 13 Alnus species died from winter injury at all locations or produced above ground biomass at levels well below individual site averages. These ten Alnus species are not well suited for the soils and climate in the upper Great Lakes region. However, three species, A. glutinosa, A. incana, and A. viridis exceeded 90% survival at all five sites and produced significantly more aboveground biomass than the other Alnus species. On a low-nitrogen site with coarse sandy soils, the three species produced an average of 5.35 megagrams per hectare of above ground biomass over a three year period. This exceeded the biomass production of all other materials in the trial including commercially available Populus and Salix selections confirming the a priori expectation that Alnus' potential symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing bacteria promotes increased growth on low fertility soils.
Over 177,000 ha of woodlands in Minnesota, USA are grazed. In general, these woodlands are not ma... more Over 177,000 ha of woodlands in Minnesota, USA are grazed. In general, these woodlands are not managed specifically for timber or cattle benefits. This lack of management often leads to decreased timber value and reduced forage yields. Silvopasture is a potential alternative to overcome this lack of land management on Minnesota woodlots. However, very limited information are available about silvopasture use in Minnesota. This three-year study evaluated the potential for silvopasture in Minnesota by comparing the production of unmanaged woodland grazing, silvopastoral, and open pasture systems. Three farmers from Central Minnesota collaborated in this study to assess these grazing systems. Silvopasture paddocks were established when thinning and seeding were performed on woodland areas. We assessed forage production, forage quality, and livestock performance. Forage production was generally greater in silvopastoral systems compared with unmanaged woodland grazing systems, while forage quality was lower in open pasture systems, at least during the first year. Livestock performance was similar between the grazing systems. Results indicate that silvopasture has potential in Minnesota, but more research is required to develop specific management guidelines as well as to monitor silvopasture production systems for longer periods of time.
This paper focuses upon the organizational governance of community forest enterprises (CFEs) in t... more This paper focuses upon the organizational governance of community forest enterprises (CFEs) in the Maya Biosphere Reserve (MBR) of Northern Guatemala. The MBR's community-forest concession system has become an international model for community-based forest management and community forest enterprise (CFE) development due to the socio-economic and ecological benefits that it has achieved. Many CFEs managing forest concessions within the reserve have been able to curb deforestation rates and improve local forest quality while enjoying jobs and income gained from selling timber and non-timber forest products. Income generated by CFEs supports sustainable livelihoods and incentivizes forest protection. However, while the forest-management practices in the reserve have been well documented, less is known about the internal governance of these CFEs and how these systems have developed over time. This paper focuses upon research conducted on the evolution of CFE organizational governance. Research involved interviews, document review, and observation. CFEs face unique challenges during different phases of their development. This paper outlines the challenges described by key informants in the MBR as well as how they were able to overcome these challenges. It then provides suggestions for future research and application.
Policies and projects are responses to national goals, resources, and constraints that guide deve... more Policies and projects are responses to national goals, resources, and constraints that guide develop ment project activities. National policies are becoming increasingly sensitive to the idea of making development more sustainable. They are also considering environmental and natural resource management consequences of development. Nowhere is this sensitivity more noticeable than in rural development projects based on natural resources use and conservation. Because of the importance of the links between policy and projects, the EPAT/MUCIA Forestry, Water, and Watershed Management (FWWM) Team has focused some of its efforts. We are working to introduce sustainability concepts into development projects that concern social forestry, watershed management, upland and dryland conservation and management, and conservation. This paper by Dean Current is one result. Dean Current is a forester with anthropology and economics training. He has extensive field expertise gained from years of work in Central America, Indonesia, and Pakistan. His present assignment is with the Centro Agron"mico Tropical de Investigaci"n y Ense$anza (CATIE), Tropical Agricultural Research and Training Center, Turrialba, Costa Rica [note 1] which collaborated with us in the background work leading up to this paper. In preparing this paper, Current has been particularly sensitive to the policy related lessons that come from the experiences gained in the 11 social forestry programs studied. These lessons have been clearly laid out in the text. They illustrate, once again, the critical nature of the linkages that must be forged between policies and the actions guided by such policies. Too often, the policymaker becomes isolated from issues that appear in the field. We believe that Dean Current's paper will help to reduce that isolation.
Agroforestry Systems 30: 87-103, 1995. 9 1995 Kluwer Academic Publishers. Printed in the Netherla... more Agroforestry Systems 30: 87-103, 1995. 9 1995 Kluwer Academic Publishers. Printed in the Netherlands. ... Farmer costs and benefits* from agroforestry and farm forestry projects in Central America and the Caribbean: implications for policy ... D. CURRENT 1 and SJ SCHERR 2 ...
2011 Annual Meeting, July 24-26, 2011, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 2011
for their insightful comments and feedback. We would also like to thank members of the APEC Envir... more for their insightful comments and feedback. We would also like to thank members of the APEC Environmental Economics Seminar.
Base de dados : REPIDISCA. Pesquisa : 8638 [Identificador único]. Referências encontradas : 1 [re... more Base de dados : REPIDISCA. Pesquisa : 8638 [Identificador único]. Referências encontradas : 1 [refinar]. Mostrando: 1 .. 1 no formato [Detalhado]. página 1 de 1, 1 / 1, REPIDISCA, seleciona. para imprimir. Fotocópia. Id: 8638. Autor ...
The objective of this conference is to foster greater exchange between the agricultural and fores... more The objective of this conference is to foster greater exchange between the agricultural and forestry sectors on the science and application of producing crops for biofuels, bioenergy, and bioproducts. However, the real challenge and opportunity lies in how agricultural and ...
This archival publication may not reflect current scientific knowledge or recommendations. Curren... more This archival publication may not reflect current scientific knowledge or recommendations. Current information is available from the University of Minnesota Extension: https://www.extension.umn.edu.As an agroforestry practice, Silvopasture intentionally integrates livestock, forage production, and trees into an intensively managed system. The forage, trees, and livestock in silvopasture complement one another to increase productivity. The practice of silvopasture provides annual income from livestock (e.g., meat, dairy products) while fostering long-term economic benefits from trees including timber, fence posts, firewood, fruit, and nuts. This guidebook was created to increase awareness of silvopasture in Minnesota.This guidebook was developed as a component of the Legislative-Citizen Commission on Minnesota Resources (LCCMR) funded project “Enhancing Environmental and Economic Benefits of Woodland Grazing” Legal Citation: M.L. 2013, Chp. 52, Sec. 2, Subd. 03j. Funding was also provided by the Central Region Sustainable Development Partnership (CRSDP) – University of Minnesota Extension
In order to reduce economic and national security risks, U.S. energy policy, in 2005 and 2007, ma... more In order to reduce economic and national security risks, U.S. energy policy, in 2005 and 2007, mandated production of renewable biofuels. By 2010, the renewable biofuel industry was consuming approximately one-third of domestic corn and soybean production. To meet this growing demand, conservation and pastureland has been cultivated with corn and soybean, resulting in a reduction in ecosystem services. Perennial bioenergy crops (e.g., switchgrass) offer a more sustainable alternative. However, unlike annual crops, farmers and landowners have little experience with perennial bioenergy crop production. Uncertainty in production and prices may impact the supply of these novel crops into an emerging market. Using a contingent supply method, we show that agricultural landowners are willing to produce perennial bioenergy crops, given competitive returns, but only on a portion of their land.
This white paper is one of three papers produced by the Minnesota Terrestrial Carbon Sequestratio... more This white paper is one of three papers produced by the Minnesota Terrestrial Carbon Sequestration Project, a research and public forum on biophysical, economic, and policy aspects of terrestrial sequestration. The Project is sponsored by the University of Minnesota Water Resources ...
Understanding the nature and degree of competition between trees and co-planted crops in agrofore... more Understanding the nature and degree of competition between trees and co-planted crops in agroforestry systems can inform management decisions, future species selection, and system design. We measured variation in herbaceous biomass yield, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), soil water potential, and residual soil NO 3 in alley cropping systems consisting of prairie cordgrass (Spartina pectinata) or an 11-species native grass-forb-legume polyculture planted between rows of shrub willow (Salix purpurea L. 'Fish Creek') at two Minnesota sites. At Empire, biomass yield increased with distance from the tree row for both alley crops, as did PAR and NO 3 availability. At Granada, no spatial pattern in crop yield was evident, despite reduced PAR and NO 3 availability adjacent to tree rows. At both sites, patterns in soil water potential suggested that trees competed with crops for soil water within 2.4 m of tree rows, but had a facilitative effect on crop water use at 4.8 m. Alleys had differing cardinal orientations at the two sites, and light availability was lower in a north-south alley (Empire) than in west-east and northwest-southeast orientations (Granada). At Empire, mixed effects analysis indicated that competition for light and soil water were responsible for reductions in crop yield. For every 100 lmol m-2 s-1 increase in PAR, model estimated herbaceous crop yield increased by 623 kg DM ha-1. For every 20 kPa increase in average daily water potential, crop yield increased by 1038 kg DM ha-1. The relative impact of competition on biomass yield was similar for both crops, though prairie cordgrass had higher average yields at Empire. Similar alley systems should avoid north-south alley orientations to minimize competition for light.
Abstract Internationally, the decentralization of forest management from central government contr... more Abstract Internationally, the decentralization of forest management from central government control to collaborative stewardship by local communities is gaining popularity. Forest decentralization is seen as a means of promoting both conservation and community economic development while decreasing government agencies’ management burdens. However, not all community forest programs have been able to successfully achieve both forest conservation and socio-economic development. A growing body of literature identifies under what circumstances local groups can collective action dilemmas in resource management. While a wealth of literature focuses on institutional influence in common-pool resource management, recent research emphasizes the need to understand both how the local context and local governance structures influence community forestry outcomes. The goal of this study is to understand how governance and community resources interact to facilitate or impede the establishment and management of community-based forest enterprises. This paper addresses this question through a cross-case analysis of community forest enterprises in the Maya Biosphere Reserve. Results highlight the importance of social capital reflecting a growing body of research that has found that local-level network-based relationships are an important factor that either facilitates or impedes community governance processes. In addition, for many attributes of good governance, the resources that are typically seen as the most difficult to measure such as cultural capital, human capital and social relationships were also seen as having the greatest impact on governance.
To reach the goal set by the United States Department of Energy to replace 30% of 2004 gasoline u... more To reach the goal set by the United States Department of Energy to replace 30% of 2004 gasoline usage with biofuels by 2030, the U.S. will need to consider diverse biomass feedstock sources, such as the plant genus Alnus. This genus contains nitrogen-fixing species that grow in a wide variety of challenging conditions. This study focused on 13 species of Alnus and was designed to determine survival, and above ground biomass production in five diverse environments unsuitable for food production agriculture in Minnesota, USA. Additionally, seven Salix and four Populus selections, that have been tested in short rotation woody biomass systems, were included for comparative analysis. Ten of the 13 Alnus species died from winter injury at all locations or produced above ground biomass at levels well below individual site averages. These ten Alnus species are not well suited for the soils and climate in the upper Great Lakes region. However, three species, A. glutinosa, A. incana, and A. viridis exceeded 90% survival at all five sites and produced significantly more aboveground biomass than the other Alnus species. On a low-nitrogen site with coarse sandy soils, the three species produced an average of 5.35 megagrams per hectare of above ground biomass over a three year period. This exceeded the biomass production of all other materials in the trial including commercially available Populus and Salix selections confirming the a priori expectation that Alnus' potential symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing bacteria promotes increased growth on low fertility soils.
Over 177,000 ha of woodlands in Minnesota, USA are grazed. In general, these woodlands are not ma... more Over 177,000 ha of woodlands in Minnesota, USA are grazed. In general, these woodlands are not managed specifically for timber or cattle benefits. This lack of management often leads to decreased timber value and reduced forage yields. Silvopasture is a potential alternative to overcome this lack of land management on Minnesota woodlots. However, very limited information are available about silvopasture use in Minnesota. This three-year study evaluated the potential for silvopasture in Minnesota by comparing the production of unmanaged woodland grazing, silvopastoral, and open pasture systems. Three farmers from Central Minnesota collaborated in this study to assess these grazing systems. Silvopasture paddocks were established when thinning and seeding were performed on woodland areas. We assessed forage production, forage quality, and livestock performance. Forage production was generally greater in silvopastoral systems compared with unmanaged woodland grazing systems, while forage quality was lower in open pasture systems, at least during the first year. Livestock performance was similar between the grazing systems. Results indicate that silvopasture has potential in Minnesota, but more research is required to develop specific management guidelines as well as to monitor silvopasture production systems for longer periods of time.
This paper focuses upon the organizational governance of community forest enterprises (CFEs) in t... more This paper focuses upon the organizational governance of community forest enterprises (CFEs) in the Maya Biosphere Reserve (MBR) of Northern Guatemala. The MBR's community-forest concession system has become an international model for community-based forest management and community forest enterprise (CFE) development due to the socio-economic and ecological benefits that it has achieved. Many CFEs managing forest concessions within the reserve have been able to curb deforestation rates and improve local forest quality while enjoying jobs and income gained from selling timber and non-timber forest products. Income generated by CFEs supports sustainable livelihoods and incentivizes forest protection. However, while the forest-management practices in the reserve have been well documented, less is known about the internal governance of these CFEs and how these systems have developed over time. This paper focuses upon research conducted on the evolution of CFE organizational governance. Research involved interviews, document review, and observation. CFEs face unique challenges during different phases of their development. This paper outlines the challenges described by key informants in the MBR as well as how they were able to overcome these challenges. It then provides suggestions for future research and application.
Policies and projects are responses to national goals, resources, and constraints that guide deve... more Policies and projects are responses to national goals, resources, and constraints that guide develop ment project activities. National policies are becoming increasingly sensitive to the idea of making development more sustainable. They are also considering environmental and natural resource management consequences of development. Nowhere is this sensitivity more noticeable than in rural development projects based on natural resources use and conservation. Because of the importance of the links between policy and projects, the EPAT/MUCIA Forestry, Water, and Watershed Management (FWWM) Team has focused some of its efforts. We are working to introduce sustainability concepts into development projects that concern social forestry, watershed management, upland and dryland conservation and management, and conservation. This paper by Dean Current is one result. Dean Current is a forester with anthropology and economics training. He has extensive field expertise gained from years of work in Central America, Indonesia, and Pakistan. His present assignment is with the Centro Agron"mico Tropical de Investigaci"n y Ense$anza (CATIE), Tropical Agricultural Research and Training Center, Turrialba, Costa Rica [note 1] which collaborated with us in the background work leading up to this paper. In preparing this paper, Current has been particularly sensitive to the policy related lessons that come from the experiences gained in the 11 social forestry programs studied. These lessons have been clearly laid out in the text. They illustrate, once again, the critical nature of the linkages that must be forged between policies and the actions guided by such policies. Too often, the policymaker becomes isolated from issues that appear in the field. We believe that Dean Current's paper will help to reduce that isolation.
Agroforestry Systems 30: 87-103, 1995. 9 1995 Kluwer Academic Publishers. Printed in the Netherla... more Agroforestry Systems 30: 87-103, 1995. 9 1995 Kluwer Academic Publishers. Printed in the Netherlands. ... Farmer costs and benefits* from agroforestry and farm forestry projects in Central America and the Caribbean: implications for policy ... D. CURRENT 1 and SJ SCHERR 2 ...
2011 Annual Meeting, July 24-26, 2011, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 2011
for their insightful comments and feedback. We would also like to thank members of the APEC Envir... more for their insightful comments and feedback. We would also like to thank members of the APEC Environmental Economics Seminar.
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