Objectives: Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) plays a key role in the processes underlying the deve... more Objectives: Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) plays a key role in the processes underlying the development of pelvic endometriosis. TNF-α acts on target cells via two receptors: TNFR1(p55) and TNFR2(p75). Depending on cell type and its activation state, ligand binding to TNF-α may induce activation and proliferation of the cells or promote apoptosis. The aim of our study has been to evaluate the expression of TNFR1 and TNFR2 on peritoneal fluid macrophages and T lymphocytes derived from women with endometriosis. Material and methods: The study group consisted of 22 patients with endometriosis (stage I and II rAFS). 14 patients with benign, non-inflammatory ovarian tumors composed the reference group. Mononuclear cells have been isolated from peritoneal fluid, obtained during laparoscopy. The expression of TNFR1 and TNFR2 proteins has been evaluated by means of flow cytometry, using monoclonal antibodies against CD120a, CD120b, CD3 and CD14. Results: The percentage of peritoneal fluid ...
Central European Journal of Immunology, Sep 10, 2007
Background: The aim of the study was to investigate the concentrations of interleukin-2 (IL-2), s... more Background: The aim of the study was to investigate the concentrations of interleukin-2 (IL-2), soluble interleukin-2 receptors (sIL-2R) and the expressions of CD25 antigen (IL-2Rα) on T CD3 + lymphocytes in peritoneal fluid of infertile patients with endometrisis in comparison with the reference group of patients with benign ovarian tumors. Material and Methods: Twenty four infertile patients with endometriosis and 18 patients from reference group were included in the study. The concentrations of IL-2 and soluble IL-2 receptors were measured with the use of ELISA immunoenzymatic method. The expressions of surface molecules were estimated using the two-color flow cytometric method. Results: The concentrations of IL-2 in peritoneal fluid of infertile patients with endometriosis were significantly higher when compared to the reference group (2.83±2.6 pg/ml vs. 1.27±1.58 pg/ml; p<0.05). The concentrations of soluble IL-2 receptors and the expressions of CD25 antigen on T CD3 + lymphocytes in the study group did not differ significantly when compared to the reference group (sIL-2R: 463.9±200.4 U/ml vs. 461.35±209.7 U/ml; NS; T CD3 + CD25 + : 6.77±8.18% vs. 5.7±6.43%; NS). However, we have found significant differences in immunological parameters between individual stages of endometriosis. The expressions of CD25 antigen were significantly higher in the second and third stages of endometriosis when compared to the first stage of the disease. Conclusions: The excessive concentrations of IL-2 in peritoneal fluid of patients with endometriosis may be responsible for an infertilty in these group of patients. Higher expressions of CD25 antigen on T CD3 + lymphocytes which are observed in the third and second stage of endometriosis can suggest the acivation of T CD3 + cells during the progression of the disease.
Endometriosis is a silent, unseen and painful female illness which is characterized by the presen... more Endometriosis is a silent, unseen and painful female illness which is characterized by the presence of glands and stroma outside the uterine cavity. Approximately one in ten women in a reproductive age around the world suffer from endometriosis of whom nearly half is treated due to infertility. The pathogenesis and mechanisms that determines the occurence of the disease are still unknown. Immunological factors have been observed in the initiation and development of endometriosis. An imbalance between reactive oxygen species (molecules having an unpaired electron) and antioxidants leads to the upregulation of metalloproteinases, prostaglandins, cytokines and chemokines.
Adenoma malignum (AM), also referred to as "minimal deviation adenocarcinoma", is an extremely un... more Adenoma malignum (AM), also referred to as "minimal deviation adenocarcinoma", is an extremely uncommon variant of highly-differentiated adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix. The study presented herein describes a case of uterine AM found out after hysteroscopy. An early-stage, well-differentiated mucinous uterine adenocarcinoma was diagnosed post-operatively. A subsequent immunohistochemical assessment of a panel of antibodies was applied, in order to distinguish between female genital tract malignancies.
FSH-R expression in granulosa cells varies during the course of ovarian ontogenesis, as well as, ... more FSH-R expression in granulosa cells varies during the course of ovarian ontogenesis, as well as, during each menstrual cycle. Expression of follicle-stimulating hormone receptors (FSH-R) on Sertoli cells of the testis and ovarian granulosa cells depend on many paracrine and autocrine factors. The modulation of FSH-R synthesis is accomplished via a number of mechanisms including regulation of the promoter activity. Little is known about factors involved in control of FSH-R transcription in different species. The aim of the present study was to investigate differences in the regulation of human and rat FSH-R promoter activity by E2F transcriptional factors. Material and methods: The 5'-flanking regions of human and rat FSH receptor gene subcloned in the pGL3 plasmid were transiently transfected into cultured CHO cells and rat granulosa cells. Rat granulosa cells were obtained by puncturing ovaries from DES primed immature Sprague-Dawley rats. Promoter activity was determined by measuring firefly luciferase luminescence of the cell lysate. Transfection efficiency was normalized by the renilla luciferase activity generated by co-transfected pRL-CMV vector. In order to determine the influence of E2F1, E2F4 and E2F5, on FSH-R promoter activity, cells were transfected either with promoter construct alone or with its mixture with selected expression vector. Results: Rat FSH-R promoter construct (-1033/+6 bp) and human FSH-R promoter construct (-1485/-1 bp) were both active in transfected cells. Overexpression of E2F1 protein decreased both, human and rat wild type FSH-R promoter activity. Overexpression of E2F4 did not affect neither rat nor human FSH-R gene transcription. Expression vector for E2F5 increased both, human and rat, FSH-R promoter activity. Folds of increase were markedly higher in case of rat FSH-R construct transfection, comparing to human FSH-R promoter. Conclusions: Results suggest, that the E2F1 and E2F5 factors might play an opposite role in the regulation of FSH-R promoter activity. More pronounced stimulatory effect of E2F5 on the rat FSH-R can be explained by the presence of E2F site in the promoter. Since there is no E2F sensitive element in the human FSH-R promoter sequence, E2F1 and E2F5 can also indirectly influence FSH-R promoter activity.
The presence of leukocyte subpopulations was demonstrated in peritoneal fluid and in endometrial ... more The presence of leukocyte subpopulations was demonstrated in peritoneal fluid and in endometrial tissue of women with (n = 16) and without (n = 20) endometriosis. Peritoneal fluid samples were also assayed for effects on lymphocyte proliferation in vitro. Peritoneal fluid leukocyte profiles were observed to be different between these groups. The most significant elevations in total number of leukocytes, macrophages and lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cells were observed in women with endometriosis. In normal eutopic endometrium T lymphocytes (CD3+), macrophages (Ki-M1+) and NK cells (CD16- CD5+) were present. In contrast aggregates of NK cells (CD16+ CD56-) were only identified in ectopic endometrial tissue. Mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation was significantly higher in the presence of peritoneal fluid from patients with severe stage of endometriosis as compared with other samples. Our data indicate that disturbances of the cellular immune system may lead to progression of endometriosis in female peritoneal cavity.
Leptin may play a role in the regulation of menstrual cycle acting either directly on ovaries or ... more Leptin may play a role in the regulation of menstrual cycle acting either directly on ovaries or at the level of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. Peritoneal fluid is a biologically active environment that influences ovarian function but, on the other hand, concentration of many substances in peritoneal fluid can reflect the functional status of ovaries. In our study, we estimated leptin concentration in peritoneal fluid in relation to serum leptin concentration in infertile patients. A study group consisted of 31 infertile patients that underwent laparoscopy. In 15 patients, laparoscopy did not solve the problem and they were grouped as unexplained infertility, in eight patients we found endometriosis and eight patients were diagnosed as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). We found significantly higher peritoneal fluid leptin concentrations in patients with unexplained infertility and endometriosis compared to those with PCOS. The plasma leptin concentration did not differ between the groups studied. There was no correlation between peritoneal fluid and plasma leptin concentrations in any patient group. Taking into account our results, the role of leptin in reproduction should be emphasized but further investigation is needed to determine its mechanism of action.
This article is available in open access under Creative Common Attribution-Non-Commercial-No Deri... more This article is available in open access under Creative Common Attribution-Non-Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) license, allowing to download articles and share them with others as long as they credit the authors and the publisher, but without permission to change them in any way or use them commercially.
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
Wstęp. Guzy graniczne jajnika najczęściej występują u kobiet poniżej 40 roku życia, mają utajony ... more Wstęp. Guzy graniczne jajnika najczęściej występują u kobiet poniżej 40 roku życia, mają utajony początek oraz brak objawów specyficznych. Ze względu na konsekwencje jakie niosą za sobą z punktu widzenia klinicznego są patologią wymagającą znacznej uwagi, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem kobiet ciężarnych. Wpływ patologicznych zmian w obrębie jajnika na przebieg ciąży i wyniki perinatalne wciąż pozostaje tematem szerokim i aktualnym. Przed zespołem medycznym stoi wyzwanie w zakresie adekwatnej diagnostyki i terapii oraz dylematy odnośnie oceny zalet i wad postępowania medycznego, dostępu do nowoczesnych metod diagnostycznych tak, by podjęte działania były możliwe jak najlepsze na obecną chwilę. Cel pracy. Celem niniejszego przeglądu jest analiza porównawcza aspektów związanych z występowaniem guzów granicznych jajnika u kobiet ciężarnych i niebędących w ciąży w oparciu o aktualną literaturę. Materiał i metody. Dokonano przeglądu literatury opublikowanej w bazie PubMed. Strategia poszukiwań bazowała na wyszukaniu haseł oraz następujących kombinacji słów kluczowych: "borderline ovarian tumor", "borderline ovarian tumor in pregnancy", "adnexal masses", "ovarian tumor in pregnancy". Rozważyliśmy wszystkie artykuły w języku angielskim od 1995 roku do kwietnia 2021 roku. Po zastosowaniu kryteriów wykluczających do przeglądu wybrano 71 artykułów. Podsumowanie. Diagnostyka guzów granicznych jajnika jest bardzo trudna a leczenie wymaga szerokiej wiedzy i współdziałania różnych grup specjalistów. Zasady postępowania opierają się na aktualnym stanie klinicznym ciężarnej pacjentki, dostępnych metodach leczenia, wieku ciąży, wywiadzie w kierunku chorób przewlekłych i dziedzicznych obciążeniach. Terapia powinna być dobrana indywidualnie dla każdego przypadku.
Introduction. Uterine fibroids are the most frequent benign tumors affecting sexual organs in wom... more Introduction. Uterine fibroids are the most frequent benign tumors affecting sexual organs in women. It is estimated that they affect 20% of the female population, with the frequency in pregnant women ranging between 0.1-5%. In spite of the progress in the field of medicine, the actual cause of uterine fibroids has yet to be discovered. Aim. Analysis of the recent methods of dealing with uterine fibroids during pregnancy. Material and methods. A review of literature about dealing with pregnant, lying-in and parturient women suffering from uterine fibroids. Results. The research studies by Aydeniz, Vergani, Rice showed that cesarean sections are much more frequent in pregnant women with uterine fibroids than in control group (52.9% vs 27.9%; 23% vs 12%; 35.1% vs 21.5%). However, it was shown that the rate of cesarean sections was much higher in women with uterine fibroids located in the lower part of the uterus than in the fundus uteri (respectively 39% and 18%). Also, the rate increased when the diameter of the fibroid exceeded 5 cm, unlike in case of those smaller than 5 cm (respectively 35% and 17%). Conclusions. 1.The number of cesarean sections in women with uterine fibroids is higher than in control group. 2.The frequency of cesarean sections in pregnancies with uterine fibroids depends on their position and size. 3.There is no relationship between the number of complications and the amount of fibroids in pregnant women. 4.There is no agreement concerning the recommendations for removing the fibroid during cesarean section.
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
Due to major developments In genetics over the past decade, molecular biology tests are serving p... more Due to major developments In genetics over the past decade, molecular biology tests are serving promising tools In early diagnosis and follow-up of cancer patients. Recent epidemiological studies revealed that the risk for each Individual to develop cancer Is closely linked to hlslher own genetic potentialities. Some populations that are defective In DNA repair processes, for example In Xeroderma plgmentosum or In the Lynch syndrome, are particularly prone to cancer due to the accumulation of mutations within the genome. Such populations would benefit from the development of tests aimed at Identifying people who are particularly at risk. Here, we review some data suggesting that the Inactivation of mismatch repair Is often found In endometrial cancer and we discuss molecular-based strategies that would help to Identify the affected Individuals In families with cases of glandular malignancies.
European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Apr 1, 2005
Objective: Changes in peritoneal fluid (PF) composition may affect fertilization as well as early... more Objective: Changes in peritoneal fluid (PF) composition may affect fertilization as well as early embryonic development. Leptin, an adipocyte hormone, has been shown to act as a link between adipose tissue and the reproductive system. Therefore, we decided to assess peritoneal and serum leptin levels in infertile endometriotic patients. Patients: Seventy-two women were studied, including 30 fertile and 18 infertile women with ovarian endometriotic cysts and, as a reference group, 24 patients with unexplained infertility. Results: No significant difference in the peritoneal and leptin levels was found between the studied groups. Significantly higher PF leptin concentration was observed in patients with stages III and IV of endometriosis as compared to those with minimal stage of the disease. In fertile patients with endometriosis a positive correlation has been found between PF and serum leptin concentrations. Conclusions: No differences in peritoneal or serum leptin levels between infertile and fertile women with endometriosis suggest that this cytokine is not involved in pathophysiology of endometriosis-related infertility.
The incidence of scar endometriosis in Cesarean sections varies between 0.03 and 0.4%. However, t... more The incidence of scar endometriosis in Cesarean sections varies between 0.03 and 0.4%. However, the recently increased rate of Cesarean sections worldwide may be causing an increase in occurrence of scar endometriosis. This report presents anatomopathological evidence of an early-stage malignant transformation in endometriotic tissue from a post-Cesarean scar and briefly reviews possible underlying mechanisms. A 40-year-old woman with a body mass index of 42.7 was referred to the gynecological department with recurrent pain and presence of a palpable mass in her Cesarean section scar. She had undergone this procedure 7 years earlier and began experiencing discomfort and pain at the incision site 6 months postoperatively. Surgical treatment was instituted with complete removal of the lesion. Anatomopathological examination revealed endometriotic tissue intertwined with atypical endometrial hyperplasia and fibrosis. At 2 years' follow-up, she was asymptomatic, both clinically and based on ultrasound examination. Endometriotic foci inoculated within an abdominal scar may undergo malignant transformation. Long-lasting abdominal scar endometriosis, in morbidly obese women, requires special attention from the physician.
to determine the effectiveness of the blebbistatin (BLEB), on detrusor overactivity (DO) in the a... more to determine the effectiveness of the blebbistatin (BLEB), on detrusor overactivity (DO) in the animal model and, due to the potential urothelial permeability, to evaluate the potential degenerative impact of the BLEB on the urothelium.
Objective: Adenomyosis is a common disease in women, but its pathogenesis is still uncertain. Stu... more Objective: Adenomyosis is a common disease in women, but its pathogenesis is still uncertain. Studies showed high level estrogen has closed relationship with adenomyosis, so we studied the expression of ER, PR, PR-B, and PS2 in adenomyosis. Design: Basic study. Materials/Methods: The expression of ER, PR, PR-B, PS2 were detected by immunohistochemical in 25 cases ectopic and 14 cases eutopic endometrium from adenomyosis. Results: 1. In uterus endometrium, the positive expression rate of ER, PR, PR-B, PS2 is 42.9%, 57.1%, 35.7%, 42.9% respectively; in ectopic endometrium, the rate is 64%, 56%, 44%, 56% respectively. 2. The expression of ER, PR, PR-B, PS2 have no significant difference in two groups. 3. Significant relationship was found between PS2 and ER. 4. The expression of PR-B is mainly located in glands. Conclusions: Clinical evidences showed sex hormone has various effect on endometrium in different location, accordingly, although both eutopic and ectopic endometrium express the ER, PR, PR-B and PS2, maybe sex hormone regulate them in different ways. Besides this, receptor isoforms may have diverse biological characters.
Phagocytic activity of macrophages isolated from peritoneal fluid (PF) was estimated using flow c... more Phagocytic activity of macrophages isolated from peritoneal fluid (PF) was estimated using flow cytometry. Study group consists of 28 patients with endometriosis and 19 patients with benign noninflammatory tumour of adnex(is) served as reference group. Macrophages were processed in two ways: fresh cells were obtained from women with endometriosis (n = 7) and reference group (n = 10) and frozen cells derived from patients with endometriosis (n = 21) and reference group (n = 9). Phagocytic activity of macrophages was measured against opsonized and conjugated with FITC E. coli. It is worth to notify that phagocytosis was determined in PF environment in the study. Percentage of phagocytosing fresh macrophages did not differ (p = 0.05) between subjected groups of patients and was respectively 64.3% +/- 17.3% vs 49.0 +/- 4.0%. Phagocytic activity of frozen macrophages derived from patients with endometriosis was significantly higher (p < 0.02) in comparison to reference group (14.3 +/- 9.1% vs 5.2 +/- 2.8%).
Objectives: Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) plays a key role in the processes underlying the deve... more Objectives: Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) plays a key role in the processes underlying the development of pelvic endometriosis. TNF-α acts on target cells via two receptors: TNFR1(p55) and TNFR2(p75). Depending on cell type and its activation state, ligand binding to TNF-α may induce activation and proliferation of the cells or promote apoptosis. The aim of our study has been to evaluate the expression of TNFR1 and TNFR2 on peritoneal fluid macrophages and T lymphocytes derived from women with endometriosis. Material and methods: The study group consisted of 22 patients with endometriosis (stage I and II rAFS). 14 patients with benign, non-inflammatory ovarian tumors composed the reference group. Mononuclear cells have been isolated from peritoneal fluid, obtained during laparoscopy. The expression of TNFR1 and TNFR2 proteins has been evaluated by means of flow cytometry, using monoclonal antibodies against CD120a, CD120b, CD3 and CD14. Results: The percentage of peritoneal fluid ...
Central European Journal of Immunology, Sep 10, 2007
Background: The aim of the study was to investigate the concentrations of interleukin-2 (IL-2), s... more Background: The aim of the study was to investigate the concentrations of interleukin-2 (IL-2), soluble interleukin-2 receptors (sIL-2R) and the expressions of CD25 antigen (IL-2Rα) on T CD3 + lymphocytes in peritoneal fluid of infertile patients with endometrisis in comparison with the reference group of patients with benign ovarian tumors. Material and Methods: Twenty four infertile patients with endometriosis and 18 patients from reference group were included in the study. The concentrations of IL-2 and soluble IL-2 receptors were measured with the use of ELISA immunoenzymatic method. The expressions of surface molecules were estimated using the two-color flow cytometric method. Results: The concentrations of IL-2 in peritoneal fluid of infertile patients with endometriosis were significantly higher when compared to the reference group (2.83±2.6 pg/ml vs. 1.27±1.58 pg/ml; p<0.05). The concentrations of soluble IL-2 receptors and the expressions of CD25 antigen on T CD3 + lymphocytes in the study group did not differ significantly when compared to the reference group (sIL-2R: 463.9±200.4 U/ml vs. 461.35±209.7 U/ml; NS; T CD3 + CD25 + : 6.77±8.18% vs. 5.7±6.43%; NS). However, we have found significant differences in immunological parameters between individual stages of endometriosis. The expressions of CD25 antigen were significantly higher in the second and third stages of endometriosis when compared to the first stage of the disease. Conclusions: The excessive concentrations of IL-2 in peritoneal fluid of patients with endometriosis may be responsible for an infertilty in these group of patients. Higher expressions of CD25 antigen on T CD3 + lymphocytes which are observed in the third and second stage of endometriosis can suggest the acivation of T CD3 + cells during the progression of the disease.
Endometriosis is a silent, unseen and painful female illness which is characterized by the presen... more Endometriosis is a silent, unseen and painful female illness which is characterized by the presence of glands and stroma outside the uterine cavity. Approximately one in ten women in a reproductive age around the world suffer from endometriosis of whom nearly half is treated due to infertility. The pathogenesis and mechanisms that determines the occurence of the disease are still unknown. Immunological factors have been observed in the initiation and development of endometriosis. An imbalance between reactive oxygen species (molecules having an unpaired electron) and antioxidants leads to the upregulation of metalloproteinases, prostaglandins, cytokines and chemokines.
Adenoma malignum (AM), also referred to as "minimal deviation adenocarcinoma", is an extremely un... more Adenoma malignum (AM), also referred to as "minimal deviation adenocarcinoma", is an extremely uncommon variant of highly-differentiated adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix. The study presented herein describes a case of uterine AM found out after hysteroscopy. An early-stage, well-differentiated mucinous uterine adenocarcinoma was diagnosed post-operatively. A subsequent immunohistochemical assessment of a panel of antibodies was applied, in order to distinguish between female genital tract malignancies.
FSH-R expression in granulosa cells varies during the course of ovarian ontogenesis, as well as, ... more FSH-R expression in granulosa cells varies during the course of ovarian ontogenesis, as well as, during each menstrual cycle. Expression of follicle-stimulating hormone receptors (FSH-R) on Sertoli cells of the testis and ovarian granulosa cells depend on many paracrine and autocrine factors. The modulation of FSH-R synthesis is accomplished via a number of mechanisms including regulation of the promoter activity. Little is known about factors involved in control of FSH-R transcription in different species. The aim of the present study was to investigate differences in the regulation of human and rat FSH-R promoter activity by E2F transcriptional factors. Material and methods: The 5'-flanking regions of human and rat FSH receptor gene subcloned in the pGL3 plasmid were transiently transfected into cultured CHO cells and rat granulosa cells. Rat granulosa cells were obtained by puncturing ovaries from DES primed immature Sprague-Dawley rats. Promoter activity was determined by measuring firefly luciferase luminescence of the cell lysate. Transfection efficiency was normalized by the renilla luciferase activity generated by co-transfected pRL-CMV vector. In order to determine the influence of E2F1, E2F4 and E2F5, on FSH-R promoter activity, cells were transfected either with promoter construct alone or with its mixture with selected expression vector. Results: Rat FSH-R promoter construct (-1033/+6 bp) and human FSH-R promoter construct (-1485/-1 bp) were both active in transfected cells. Overexpression of E2F1 protein decreased both, human and rat wild type FSH-R promoter activity. Overexpression of E2F4 did not affect neither rat nor human FSH-R gene transcription. Expression vector for E2F5 increased both, human and rat, FSH-R promoter activity. Folds of increase were markedly higher in case of rat FSH-R construct transfection, comparing to human FSH-R promoter. Conclusions: Results suggest, that the E2F1 and E2F5 factors might play an opposite role in the regulation of FSH-R promoter activity. More pronounced stimulatory effect of E2F5 on the rat FSH-R can be explained by the presence of E2F site in the promoter. Since there is no E2F sensitive element in the human FSH-R promoter sequence, E2F1 and E2F5 can also indirectly influence FSH-R promoter activity.
The presence of leukocyte subpopulations was demonstrated in peritoneal fluid and in endometrial ... more The presence of leukocyte subpopulations was demonstrated in peritoneal fluid and in endometrial tissue of women with (n = 16) and without (n = 20) endometriosis. Peritoneal fluid samples were also assayed for effects on lymphocyte proliferation in vitro. Peritoneal fluid leukocyte profiles were observed to be different between these groups. The most significant elevations in total number of leukocytes, macrophages and lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cells were observed in women with endometriosis. In normal eutopic endometrium T lymphocytes (CD3+), macrophages (Ki-M1+) and NK cells (CD16- CD5+) were present. In contrast aggregates of NK cells (CD16+ CD56-) were only identified in ectopic endometrial tissue. Mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation was significantly higher in the presence of peritoneal fluid from patients with severe stage of endometriosis as compared with other samples. Our data indicate that disturbances of the cellular immune system may lead to progression of endometriosis in female peritoneal cavity.
Leptin may play a role in the regulation of menstrual cycle acting either directly on ovaries or ... more Leptin may play a role in the regulation of menstrual cycle acting either directly on ovaries or at the level of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. Peritoneal fluid is a biologically active environment that influences ovarian function but, on the other hand, concentration of many substances in peritoneal fluid can reflect the functional status of ovaries. In our study, we estimated leptin concentration in peritoneal fluid in relation to serum leptin concentration in infertile patients. A study group consisted of 31 infertile patients that underwent laparoscopy. In 15 patients, laparoscopy did not solve the problem and they were grouped as unexplained infertility, in eight patients we found endometriosis and eight patients were diagnosed as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). We found significantly higher peritoneal fluid leptin concentrations in patients with unexplained infertility and endometriosis compared to those with PCOS. The plasma leptin concentration did not differ between the groups studied. There was no correlation between peritoneal fluid and plasma leptin concentrations in any patient group. Taking into account our results, the role of leptin in reproduction should be emphasized but further investigation is needed to determine its mechanism of action.
This article is available in open access under Creative Common Attribution-Non-Commercial-No Deri... more This article is available in open access under Creative Common Attribution-Non-Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) license, allowing to download articles and share them with others as long as they credit the authors and the publisher, but without permission to change them in any way or use them commercially.
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
Wstęp. Guzy graniczne jajnika najczęściej występują u kobiet poniżej 40 roku życia, mają utajony ... more Wstęp. Guzy graniczne jajnika najczęściej występują u kobiet poniżej 40 roku życia, mają utajony początek oraz brak objawów specyficznych. Ze względu na konsekwencje jakie niosą za sobą z punktu widzenia klinicznego są patologią wymagającą znacznej uwagi, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem kobiet ciężarnych. Wpływ patologicznych zmian w obrębie jajnika na przebieg ciąży i wyniki perinatalne wciąż pozostaje tematem szerokim i aktualnym. Przed zespołem medycznym stoi wyzwanie w zakresie adekwatnej diagnostyki i terapii oraz dylematy odnośnie oceny zalet i wad postępowania medycznego, dostępu do nowoczesnych metod diagnostycznych tak, by podjęte działania były możliwe jak najlepsze na obecną chwilę. Cel pracy. Celem niniejszego przeglądu jest analiza porównawcza aspektów związanych z występowaniem guzów granicznych jajnika u kobiet ciężarnych i niebędących w ciąży w oparciu o aktualną literaturę. Materiał i metody. Dokonano przeglądu literatury opublikowanej w bazie PubMed. Strategia poszukiwań bazowała na wyszukaniu haseł oraz następujących kombinacji słów kluczowych: "borderline ovarian tumor", "borderline ovarian tumor in pregnancy", "adnexal masses", "ovarian tumor in pregnancy". Rozważyliśmy wszystkie artykuły w języku angielskim od 1995 roku do kwietnia 2021 roku. Po zastosowaniu kryteriów wykluczających do przeglądu wybrano 71 artykułów. Podsumowanie. Diagnostyka guzów granicznych jajnika jest bardzo trudna a leczenie wymaga szerokiej wiedzy i współdziałania różnych grup specjalistów. Zasady postępowania opierają się na aktualnym stanie klinicznym ciężarnej pacjentki, dostępnych metodach leczenia, wieku ciąży, wywiadzie w kierunku chorób przewlekłych i dziedzicznych obciążeniach. Terapia powinna być dobrana indywidualnie dla każdego przypadku.
Introduction. Uterine fibroids are the most frequent benign tumors affecting sexual organs in wom... more Introduction. Uterine fibroids are the most frequent benign tumors affecting sexual organs in women. It is estimated that they affect 20% of the female population, with the frequency in pregnant women ranging between 0.1-5%. In spite of the progress in the field of medicine, the actual cause of uterine fibroids has yet to be discovered. Aim. Analysis of the recent methods of dealing with uterine fibroids during pregnancy. Material and methods. A review of literature about dealing with pregnant, lying-in and parturient women suffering from uterine fibroids. Results. The research studies by Aydeniz, Vergani, Rice showed that cesarean sections are much more frequent in pregnant women with uterine fibroids than in control group (52.9% vs 27.9%; 23% vs 12%; 35.1% vs 21.5%). However, it was shown that the rate of cesarean sections was much higher in women with uterine fibroids located in the lower part of the uterus than in the fundus uteri (respectively 39% and 18%). Also, the rate increased when the diameter of the fibroid exceeded 5 cm, unlike in case of those smaller than 5 cm (respectively 35% and 17%). Conclusions. 1.The number of cesarean sections in women with uterine fibroids is higher than in control group. 2.The frequency of cesarean sections in pregnancies with uterine fibroids depends on their position and size. 3.There is no relationship between the number of complications and the amount of fibroids in pregnant women. 4.There is no agreement concerning the recommendations for removing the fibroid during cesarean section.
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
Due to major developments In genetics over the past decade, molecular biology tests are serving p... more Due to major developments In genetics over the past decade, molecular biology tests are serving promising tools In early diagnosis and follow-up of cancer patients. Recent epidemiological studies revealed that the risk for each Individual to develop cancer Is closely linked to hlslher own genetic potentialities. Some populations that are defective In DNA repair processes, for example In Xeroderma plgmentosum or In the Lynch syndrome, are particularly prone to cancer due to the accumulation of mutations within the genome. Such populations would benefit from the development of tests aimed at Identifying people who are particularly at risk. Here, we review some data suggesting that the Inactivation of mismatch repair Is often found In endometrial cancer and we discuss molecular-based strategies that would help to Identify the affected Individuals In families with cases of glandular malignancies.
European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Apr 1, 2005
Objective: Changes in peritoneal fluid (PF) composition may affect fertilization as well as early... more Objective: Changes in peritoneal fluid (PF) composition may affect fertilization as well as early embryonic development. Leptin, an adipocyte hormone, has been shown to act as a link between adipose tissue and the reproductive system. Therefore, we decided to assess peritoneal and serum leptin levels in infertile endometriotic patients. Patients: Seventy-two women were studied, including 30 fertile and 18 infertile women with ovarian endometriotic cysts and, as a reference group, 24 patients with unexplained infertility. Results: No significant difference in the peritoneal and leptin levels was found between the studied groups. Significantly higher PF leptin concentration was observed in patients with stages III and IV of endometriosis as compared to those with minimal stage of the disease. In fertile patients with endometriosis a positive correlation has been found between PF and serum leptin concentrations. Conclusions: No differences in peritoneal or serum leptin levels between infertile and fertile women with endometriosis suggest that this cytokine is not involved in pathophysiology of endometriosis-related infertility.
The incidence of scar endometriosis in Cesarean sections varies between 0.03 and 0.4%. However, t... more The incidence of scar endometriosis in Cesarean sections varies between 0.03 and 0.4%. However, the recently increased rate of Cesarean sections worldwide may be causing an increase in occurrence of scar endometriosis. This report presents anatomopathological evidence of an early-stage malignant transformation in endometriotic tissue from a post-Cesarean scar and briefly reviews possible underlying mechanisms. A 40-year-old woman with a body mass index of 42.7 was referred to the gynecological department with recurrent pain and presence of a palpable mass in her Cesarean section scar. She had undergone this procedure 7 years earlier and began experiencing discomfort and pain at the incision site 6 months postoperatively. Surgical treatment was instituted with complete removal of the lesion. Anatomopathological examination revealed endometriotic tissue intertwined with atypical endometrial hyperplasia and fibrosis. At 2 years' follow-up, she was asymptomatic, both clinically and based on ultrasound examination. Endometriotic foci inoculated within an abdominal scar may undergo malignant transformation. Long-lasting abdominal scar endometriosis, in morbidly obese women, requires special attention from the physician.
to determine the effectiveness of the blebbistatin (BLEB), on detrusor overactivity (DO) in the a... more to determine the effectiveness of the blebbistatin (BLEB), on detrusor overactivity (DO) in the animal model and, due to the potential urothelial permeability, to evaluate the potential degenerative impact of the BLEB on the urothelium.
Objective: Adenomyosis is a common disease in women, but its pathogenesis is still uncertain. Stu... more Objective: Adenomyosis is a common disease in women, but its pathogenesis is still uncertain. Studies showed high level estrogen has closed relationship with adenomyosis, so we studied the expression of ER, PR, PR-B, and PS2 in adenomyosis. Design: Basic study. Materials/Methods: The expression of ER, PR, PR-B, PS2 were detected by immunohistochemical in 25 cases ectopic and 14 cases eutopic endometrium from adenomyosis. Results: 1. In uterus endometrium, the positive expression rate of ER, PR, PR-B, PS2 is 42.9%, 57.1%, 35.7%, 42.9% respectively; in ectopic endometrium, the rate is 64%, 56%, 44%, 56% respectively. 2. The expression of ER, PR, PR-B, PS2 have no significant difference in two groups. 3. Significant relationship was found between PS2 and ER. 4. The expression of PR-B is mainly located in glands. Conclusions: Clinical evidences showed sex hormone has various effect on endometrium in different location, accordingly, although both eutopic and ectopic endometrium express the ER, PR, PR-B and PS2, maybe sex hormone regulate them in different ways. Besides this, receptor isoforms may have diverse biological characters.
Phagocytic activity of macrophages isolated from peritoneal fluid (PF) was estimated using flow c... more Phagocytic activity of macrophages isolated from peritoneal fluid (PF) was estimated using flow cytometry. Study group consists of 28 patients with endometriosis and 19 patients with benign noninflammatory tumour of adnex(is) served as reference group. Macrophages were processed in two ways: fresh cells were obtained from women with endometriosis (n = 7) and reference group (n = 10) and frozen cells derived from patients with endometriosis (n = 21) and reference group (n = 9). Phagocytic activity of macrophages was measured against opsonized and conjugated with FITC E. coli. It is worth to notify that phagocytosis was determined in PF environment in the study. Percentage of phagocytosing fresh macrophages did not differ (p = 0.05) between subjected groups of patients and was respectively 64.3% +/- 17.3% vs 49.0 +/- 4.0%. Phagocytic activity of frozen macrophages derived from patients with endometriosis was significantly higher (p < 0.02) in comparison to reference group (14.3 +/- 9.1% vs 5.2 +/- 2.8%).
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