Febuxostat and allopurinol are xanthine oxidase inhibitors to reduce uric acid levels. The resear... more Febuxostat and allopurinol are xanthine oxidase inhibitors to reduce uric acid levels. The research aimed to determine the differences in efficacy and safety of using febuxostat and allopurinol for gout patients. This research was conducted using a narrative review method for articles obtained from the PubMed and Willey databases published in 2010-2021. From the article exploration, 5 articles were reviewed showing that the determination of drug efficacy was seen by monitoring the changes in uric acid levels for 6 months from the beginning of drug use. Febuxostat and allopurinol had good efficacy in achieving target uric acid levels < 6 mg/dL, however, febuxostat was superior to allopurinol in usual doses. Febuxostat 80 mg had superior efficacy to febuxostat 40 mg, while febuxostat 40 mg had superior efficacy to allopurinol 300 mg (p < 0.05). For safety, febuxostat and allopurinol possessed similar side effects in the form of upper respiratory tract infection, diarrhea, headache, nausea and vomiting..
Background The EuroQoL five-dimensional instrument (EQ-5D) is the favoured preference-based instr... more Background The EuroQoL five-dimensional instrument (EQ-5D) is the favoured preference-based instrument to measure health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in several countries. Two versions of the EQ-5D are available: the 3-level version (EQ-5D-3 L) and the 5-level version (EQ-5D-5 L). This study aims to compare specific measurement properties and scoring of the EQ-5D-3 L (3 L) and EQ-5D-5 L (5 L) in Indonesian type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) outpatients. Methods A survey was conducted in a hospital and two primary healthcare centres on Sulawesi Island. Participants were asked to complete the two versions of the EQ-5D instruments. The 3 L and 5 L were compared in terms of distribution and ceiling, discriminative power and test-retest reliability. To determine the consistency of the participants’ answers, we checked the redistribution pattern, i.e., the consistency of a participant’s scores in both versions. Results A total of 198 T2DM outpatients (mean age 59.90 ± 11.06) completed the...
Free radicals can caused damage cell and tissue which lead to various disease then needed antioxi... more Free radicals can caused damage cell and tissue which lead to various disease then needed antioxidant as radicals scavenging. The objective of this study was to determine antioxidants activity leaves of Scaevola taccada (Gaertn.) Roxb based to DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrilhydrazil) free radicals scavenging. The study was initiated with sample extraction by maceration used ethanol then partitioned with ethyl acetate. The obtained fraction tested to antioxidant activity DPPH radicals. Testing done in five series concentration is 50 ppm, 100 ppm, 200 ppm, 300 ppm and 400 ppm, which compared to antioxidant activity vitamin C and BHT (butylatedhydroxytoluene). Activity against free radicals is measured with at a spectrophotometer UV-VIS wavelength 517 nm and calculated value ES50. The result showed the value ES50 of a leaves ethyl acetate fraction of 1473 ppm while ES50 vitamin C and BHT of 9.054 ppm and 29.067 ppm, respectively. Therefore, obtained results showed that ethyl acetate fraction Scaevola taccada (Gaertn.) Roxb leaves has weak activity compared vitamin C and BHT as positive control with ES50 values respectively 1473.064 ppm, 9.054 ppm and 29.067 ppm.
BackgroundThe EuroQoL five-dimensional instrument (EQ-5D) is the favoured preference-based instru... more BackgroundThe EuroQoL five-dimensional instrument (EQ-5D) is the favoured preference-based instrument to measure health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in several countries. Two versions of the EQ-5D are available: the 3-level version (EQ-5D-3 L) and the 5-level version (EQ-5D-5 L). This study aims to compare specific measurement properties and scoring of the EQ-5D-3 L (3 L) and EQ-5D-5 L (5 L) in Indonesian type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) outpatients.MethodsA survey was conducted in a hospital and two primary healthcare centres on Sulawesi Island. Participants were asked to complete the two versions of the EQ-5D instruments. The 3 L and 5 L were compared in terms of distribution and ceiling, discriminative power and test-retest reliability. To determine the consistency of the participants’ answers, we checked the redistribution pattern, i.e., the consistency of a participant’s scores in both versions.ResultsA total of 198 T2DM outpatients (mean age 59.90 ± 11.06) completed the 3 L and 5 L surveys. A total of 46 health states for 3 L and 90 health states for 5 L were reported. The ‘11121’ health state was reported most often: 17% in the 3 L and 13% in the 5 L. The results suggested a lower ceiling effect for 5 L (11%) than for 3 L (15%). Regarding redistribution, only 6.1% of responses were found to be inconsistent in this study. The 5 L had higher discriminative power than the 3 L version. Reliability as reflected by the index score was 0.64 for 3 L and 0.74 for 5 L. Pain/discomfort was the dimension mostly affected, whereas the self-care dimension was the least affected.ConclusionsThis study suggests that the 5 L-version of the EQ-5D instrument performs better than the 3 L-version in T2DM outpatients in Indonesia, regarding measurement and scoring properties. As such, our study supports the use of the 5 L as the preferred health-related quality of life measurement tool.We did not do a trial but this study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta, Indonesia (document number KE/FK/1188/EC, 12 November 2014, amended 16 March 2015).
Febuxostat and allopurinol are xanthine oxidase inhibitors to reduce uric acid levels. The resear... more Febuxostat and allopurinol are xanthine oxidase inhibitors to reduce uric acid levels. The research aimed to determine the differences in efficacy and safety of using febuxostat and allopurinol for gout patients. This research was conducted using a narrative review method for articles obtained from the PubMed and Willey databases published in 2010-2021. From the article exploration, 5 articles were reviewed showing that the determination of drug efficacy was seen by monitoring the changes in uric acid levels for 6 months from the beginning of drug use. Febuxostat and allopurinol had good efficacy in achieving target uric acid levels < 6 mg/dL, however, febuxostat was superior to allopurinol in usual doses. Febuxostat 80 mg had superior efficacy to febuxostat 40 mg, while febuxostat 40 mg had superior efficacy to allopurinol 300 mg (p < 0.05). For safety, febuxostat and allopurinol possessed similar side effects in the form of upper respiratory tract infection, diarrhea, headache, nausea and vomiting..
Background The EuroQoL five-dimensional instrument (EQ-5D) is the favoured preference-based instr... more Background The EuroQoL five-dimensional instrument (EQ-5D) is the favoured preference-based instrument to measure health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in several countries. Two versions of the EQ-5D are available: the 3-level version (EQ-5D-3 L) and the 5-level version (EQ-5D-5 L). This study aims to compare specific measurement properties and scoring of the EQ-5D-3 L (3 L) and EQ-5D-5 L (5 L) in Indonesian type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) outpatients. Methods A survey was conducted in a hospital and two primary healthcare centres on Sulawesi Island. Participants were asked to complete the two versions of the EQ-5D instruments. The 3 L and 5 L were compared in terms of distribution and ceiling, discriminative power and test-retest reliability. To determine the consistency of the participants’ answers, we checked the redistribution pattern, i.e., the consistency of a participant’s scores in both versions. Results A total of 198 T2DM outpatients (mean age 59.90 ± 11.06) completed the...
Free radicals can caused damage cell and tissue which lead to various disease then needed antioxi... more Free radicals can caused damage cell and tissue which lead to various disease then needed antioxidant as radicals scavenging. The objective of this study was to determine antioxidants activity leaves of Scaevola taccada (Gaertn.) Roxb based to DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrilhydrazil) free radicals scavenging. The study was initiated with sample extraction by maceration used ethanol then partitioned with ethyl acetate. The obtained fraction tested to antioxidant activity DPPH radicals. Testing done in five series concentration is 50 ppm, 100 ppm, 200 ppm, 300 ppm and 400 ppm, which compared to antioxidant activity vitamin C and BHT (butylatedhydroxytoluene). Activity against free radicals is measured with at a spectrophotometer UV-VIS wavelength 517 nm and calculated value ES50. The result showed the value ES50 of a leaves ethyl acetate fraction of 1473 ppm while ES50 vitamin C and BHT of 9.054 ppm and 29.067 ppm, respectively. Therefore, obtained results showed that ethyl acetate fraction Scaevola taccada (Gaertn.) Roxb leaves has weak activity compared vitamin C and BHT as positive control with ES50 values respectively 1473.064 ppm, 9.054 ppm and 29.067 ppm.
BackgroundThe EuroQoL five-dimensional instrument (EQ-5D) is the favoured preference-based instru... more BackgroundThe EuroQoL five-dimensional instrument (EQ-5D) is the favoured preference-based instrument to measure health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in several countries. Two versions of the EQ-5D are available: the 3-level version (EQ-5D-3 L) and the 5-level version (EQ-5D-5 L). This study aims to compare specific measurement properties and scoring of the EQ-5D-3 L (3 L) and EQ-5D-5 L (5 L) in Indonesian type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) outpatients.MethodsA survey was conducted in a hospital and two primary healthcare centres on Sulawesi Island. Participants were asked to complete the two versions of the EQ-5D instruments. The 3 L and 5 L were compared in terms of distribution and ceiling, discriminative power and test-retest reliability. To determine the consistency of the participants’ answers, we checked the redistribution pattern, i.e., the consistency of a participant’s scores in both versions.ResultsA total of 198 T2DM outpatients (mean age 59.90 ± 11.06) completed the 3 L and 5 L surveys. A total of 46 health states for 3 L and 90 health states for 5 L were reported. The ‘11121’ health state was reported most often: 17% in the 3 L and 13% in the 5 L. The results suggested a lower ceiling effect for 5 L (11%) than for 3 L (15%). Regarding redistribution, only 6.1% of responses were found to be inconsistent in this study. The 5 L had higher discriminative power than the 3 L version. Reliability as reflected by the index score was 0.64 for 3 L and 0.74 for 5 L. Pain/discomfort was the dimension mostly affected, whereas the self-care dimension was the least affected.ConclusionsThis study suggests that the 5 L-version of the EQ-5D instrument performs better than the 3 L-version in T2DM outpatients in Indonesia, regarding measurement and scoring properties. As such, our study supports the use of the 5 L as the preferred health-related quality of life measurement tool.We did not do a trial but this study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta, Indonesia (document number KE/FK/1188/EC, 12 November 2014, amended 16 March 2015).
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