Papers by Marlia M Hanafiah
Membranes, 2022
A life cycle assessment of anaerobic-treated palm oil mill effluent (POME) was conducted to asses... more A life cycle assessment of anaerobic-treated palm oil mill effluent (POME) was conducted to assess the environmental performance on two integrated treatment processes: the typical hollow fiber membrane ultrafiltration module coupled with adsorption and electro-oxidation as pretreatment. The analysis was undertaken using the ReCiPe 2016 method and SimaPro v9 software was employed using a ‘cradle-to-gate’ approach. The results showed that hollow fiber membrane from the adsorption integrated membrane impacted significantly at 42% to 99% across all impact categories for both processes. Overall, the electro-oxidation integrated membrane was discovered to have a lesser environmental impact, particularly on the ozone formation (human health) (HOFP) at 0.38 kg NOx-eq in comparison to the adsorption integrated membrane at 0.66 kg NOx-eq. The total characterization factor of the endpoint category for human health is 8.61 × 10−4 DALY (adsorption integrated membrane) and 8.45 × 10−4 DALY (elect...
Paradigm Shift in E-waste Management
Separation and Purification Technology
DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT
This study investigates novel multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) grown on agricultural waste,... more This study investigates novel multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) grown on agricultural waste, using loaded iron nanoparticles as catalyst templates and acetylene as carbon source through chemical vapor deposition under specific conditions, to wit: 550°C reaction temperature, 47 min reaction time, and 1 gas ratio. The specifications of MWCNTs are analyzed and characterized with the use of field-emission scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area analysis, and zeta potential analysis. The results reveal that MWCNTs have high quality and unique morphologies. The removal and capacity of Al 3+ are optimized through response surface methodology, whilst the adsorption kinetics results are well ascribed to the pseudo-second-order model, the isotherm data are effectively fitted using a Langmuir model. The maximum adsorption capacity is 393.52 mg/g. The results demonstrate that MWCNTs can be regarded as a new low-cost adsorbent in wastewater treatment for the removal of Al 3+ .
Today major environmental issue facing the universe is Industrial wastewater. They are present in... more Today major environmental issue facing the universe is Industrial wastewater. They are present in the form of various pollutants like organic/inorganic, heavy metals, and non-disintegrating materials at an enormous amount. As of now, eliminating these pollutants from wastewater from industries in a viable manner has become a significant issue. Productive refinement methodologies are required to eliminate those toxins before removal. Furthermore, nanomaterials are innovationally powerful to purification of water by utilizing inexpensive nanofiltration and nano adsorbent. Heavy metal ions removal in an efficient way from the environment is the first and foremost problem from a biological and ecological perspective, and numerous research practices have been dedicated to the removal of harmful metal particles, involved both in the underground and surface wastewater. This article mainly focuses on the nanomaterials utilization of various contaminating materials removal from industrial wa...
There are high expectations of Information and communication technology (ICT) to contribute to su... more There are high expectations of Information and communication technology (ICT) to contribute to sustainable development. Improving human well-being is a core of sustainable development initiatives as community strives to transition towards more environmentally friendly products and services. However, the argument on the contribution of this technology towards sustainable development has increased in recent years. It because there is some risk that ICT product will become counterproductive with regard to environmental sustainability. The application of well-established techniques like life cycle assessment has great potential to identify and improve the consequences of this technology on environment at local, regional and global level. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to illustrate the importance of transdisciplinary research through life cycle assessment methodology to assess environmental impact of ICT product. To do so, this paper discusses (1) the current situation on the r...
Today major environmental issue facing the universe is Industrial wastewater. They are present in... more Today major environmental issue facing the universe is Industrial wastewater. They are present in the form of various pollutants like organic/inorganic, heavy metals, and nondisintegrating materials at an enormous amount. As of now, eliminating these pollutants from wastewater from industries in a viable manner has become a significant issue. Productive Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 16 February 2021 doi:10.20944/preprints202102.0337.v1 © 2021 by the author(s). Distributed under a Creative Commons CC BY license. 2 refinement methodologies are required to eliminate those toxins before removal. Furthermore, nanomaterials are innovationally powerful to purification of water by utilizing inexpensive nanofiltration and nano adsorbent. Heavy metal ions removal in an efficient way from the environment is the first and foremost problem from a biological and ecological perspective, and numerous research practices have been dedicated to the removal of harmful meta...
Different concentration (1–5 mol%) of Ni2+-doped FeS2 thin films were deposited by facile ECD tec... more Different concentration (1–5 mol%) of Ni2+-doped FeS2 thin films were deposited by facile ECD technique. XRD pattern Ni2+ ion-doped FeS2 thin films were cubic structure with the high intensity plane (2 0 0). HRSEM images show that the undoped with 1–2 mol% Ni2+-doped FeS2 thin films were spherical-like morphology with aggregated grains. 3 mol% Ni2+-doped FeS2 thin film was aggregated with smaller size grains. Electrochemical impedance analysis reveals that the minimum charge transfer resistance (69 Ω) is obtained for 3 mol% Ni2+ ion-doped FeS2 thin films with exceptional conductivity character compared to other samples. Photoelectrochemical test indicates that 3 mol% Ni2+ ion-doped FeS2 thin film generates enhanced photocurrent response and faster immigration of photoinduced charge carriers compared to the other samples. It has been observed from CV analysis; the optimized 3 mol% Ni2+-doped FeS2 thin film delivers superior electrocatalytic performance of triiodide reduction.
PeerJ
Background Laser applications in agriculture have recently gained much interest due to improved p... more Background Laser applications in agriculture have recently gained much interest due to improved plant characteristics following laser treatment before the sowing of seeds. In this study, maize seeds were exposed to different levels of laser treatment prior to sowing to improve their field performance. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of pre-sowing laser photobiomodulation on the field emergence and growth of treated maize seeds. Methods The maize seeds were first photobiomodulated with two lasers: 1) a helium-neon (He–Ne) red laser (632.8 nm), and 2) a neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) green laser (532 nm). Following three replications of randomized complete block design (RCBD), four irradiation treatments were applied (45 s, 65 s, 85 s, and 105 s) at two power intensities (2 mW/cm2 and 4 mW/cm2). Results Based on the results, maize seeds pretreated with a green laser and 2 mW/cm2 power intensity for 105 s exhibited the highest rate of seed emergence (9...
Journal of Marine Science and Engineering
The effects of two waste sources, red hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) and whiteleg shrimp (Litop... more The effects of two waste sources, red hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) and whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei), and two drying methods (freeze-drying and oven-drying) on the proximate chemical composition of bioflocs were investigated. In total, four kinds of experimentally treated bioflocs were compared to identify the best waste source and drying method to produce biofloc of an acceptable nutrient value: freeze-dried shrimp biofloc (FDSBF), oven-dried shrimp biofloc (ODSBF), freeze-dried tilapia biofloc (FDTBF), and oven-dried tilapia biofloc (ODTBF). The protein, lipid, ash, fiber, total nitrogen free extract (NFE), and energy contents of the dried bioflocs ranged from 12.12 to 24.09 g/100 g, 0.35 to 0.92 g/100 g, 42.45 to 61.01 g/100 g, 7.43 to 17.11 g/100 g, 16.45 to 18.59 g/100 g, and 0.99 to 1.94 Kcal g−1, respectively. Statistically, there were significant differences within the means of the two biofloc sources in terms of their proximate compositions (p < 0.05). The a...
Energies
The Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) system, which can be used as a decision support tool for managing... more The Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) system, which can be used as a decision support tool for managing environmental sustainability, includes carbon footprint assessment as one of the available methodologies. In this study, a carbon footprint assessment was used to investigate seawater production systems of a desalination plant in Senok, Kelantan, Malaysia. Three stages of the desalination plant processing system were investigated and the inventory database was developed using the relevant model framework. Subsequently, measurements and interpretations were performed on several key indicators such as greenhouse gases, energy efficiency, acidic gases, smog, and toxic gases. Overall, the results of the study indicate that the Reverse Osmosis (RO) technology that is used in the desalination plant in the study area is one of the best options to meet the demands of the environmental sustainability agenda (SDGs). This is due to the lower carbon dioxide (CO2) emission, of about 3.5 × 10−2 kg of...
Environmental Research
In the present research work, 2D-Porous NiO decorated graphene nanocomposite was synthesized by h... more In the present research work, 2D-Porous NiO decorated graphene nanocomposite was synthesized by hydrothermal method to monitored the concentration of epinephrine (EPI). The morphology (SEM and TEM) results confirmed 2D-Porous NiO nanoparticles firmly attached over graphene nanosheets. FTIR and XPS analysis confirmed the formation of nickel oxide formation and complete reduction of GO to rGO. The electrochemical activity of the proposed NiO-rGO/GCE modified electrode on epinephrine was analyzed by simple cyclic voltammetry technique. The proposed low cost NiO-rGO/GCE modified electrode showed excellent catalytic activity over GCE and rGO/GCE electrodes. Due to its high conductivity and charge transfer ability of the NiO-rGO/GCE modified electrode exhibited high sensitivity of EPI at optimized conditions. The anodic peak current of the EPI linearly increases with increasing the concertation of EPI. A wide linear range (50 μM-1000 μM) was achieved with high correlation coefficient (R (Emran et al., 2017) = 0.9986) and the limit of detection (LOD) of NiO-rGO/GCE modified electrode was calculated to be 10 μM. NiO-rGO/GCE electrode showed good stability and repeatability towards the EPI oxidation. Mainly, the proposed NiO-rGO/GCE modified electrode showed good sensitivity of EPI in the human biological fluid with high recovery percentage. The low cost, NiO-rGO/GCE electrode could be the promising sensor electrode for the detection of Epinephrine in the real samples.
Membranes
Seawater desalination is an alternative technology to provide safe drinking water and to solve wa... more Seawater desalination is an alternative technology to provide safe drinking water and to solve water issues in an area having low water quality and limited drinking water supply. Currently, reverse osmosis (RO) is commonly used in the desalination technology and experiencing significant growth. The aim of this study was to analyze the environmental impacts of the seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) plant installed in Kampung Pantai Senok, Kelantan, as this plant was the first installed in Malaysia. The software SimaPro 8.5 together with the ReCiPe 2016 database were used as tools to evaluate the life cycle assessment (LCA) of the SWRO plant. The results showed that the impact of global warming (3.90 kg CO2 eq/year) was the highest, followed by terrestrial ecotoxicity (1.62 kg 1,4-DCB/year) and fossil resource scarcity (1.29 kg oil eq/year). The impact of global warming was caused by the natural gas used to generate the electricity, mainly during the RO process. Reducing the environmenta...
Molecules
In the recent decades, development of new and innovative technology resulted in a very high amoun... more In the recent decades, development of new and innovative technology resulted in a very high amount of effluents. Industrial wastewaters originating from various industries contribute as a major source of water pollution. The pollutants in the wastewater include organic and inorganic pollutants, heavy metals, and non-disintegrating materials. This pollutant poses a severe threat to the environment. Therefore, novel and innovative methods and technologies need to adapt for their removal. Recent years saw nanomaterials as a potential candidate for pollutants removal. Nowadays, a range of cost-effective nanomaterials are available with unique properties. In this context, nano-absorbents are excellent materials. Heavy metal contamination is widespread in underground and surface waters. Recently, various studies focused on the removal of heavy metals. The presented review article here focused on removal of contaminants originated from industrial wastewater utilizing nanomaterials.
Sustainability
A life cycle assessment (LCA)-based environmental sustainability evaluation conceptual framework ... more A life cycle assessment (LCA)-based environmental sustainability evaluation conceptual framework of biogas production has been proposed to improve the sustainability of biogas supply chains. The conceptual framework developed in this study can be used as a guideline for the related stakeholders and decision makers to improve the quality and enhance the sustainability of biogas production in Malaysia as well as promoting biogas as a clean, reliable and secure energy. A case study on an LCA analysis of a zero waste discharge treatment process has been conducted. In the zero discharge treatment system, biogas can be produced with a maximum water recycle and reuse. It was indicated that the biogas production and zero discharge treatment of a palm oil mill effluent were environmentally sustainable as the system utilized organic waste to produce bioenergy and achieved zero discharge. However, there were other aspects that should be taken into consideration, particularly regarding the sour...
Polymers
Polyelectrolyte membranes (PEMs) are a novel type of material that is in high demand in health, e... more Polyelectrolyte membranes (PEMs) are a novel type of material that is in high demand in health, energy and environmental sectors. If environmentally benign materials are created with biodegradable ones, PEMs can evolve into practical technology. In this work, we have fabricated environmentally safe and economic PEMs based on sulfonate grafted sodium alginate (SA) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA). In the first step, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulphonic acid (AMPS) and sodium 4-vinylbenzene sulfonate (SVBS) are grafted on to SA by utilizing the simple free radical polymerization technique. Graft copolymers (SA-g-AMPS and SA-g-SVBS) were characterized by 1H NMR, FTIR, XRD and DSC. In the second step, sulfonated SA was successfully blended with PVA to fabricate PEMs for the in vitro controlled release of 5-fluorouracil (anti-cancer drug) at pH 1.2 and 7.4 and to remove copper (II) ions from aqueous media. Moreover, phosphomolybdic acids (PMAs) incorporated with composite PEMs were deve...
The photo-catalysis is a promising method for the degradation of harmful organic pollutants exist... more The photo-catalysis is a promising method for the degradation of harmful organic pollutants existing in the wastewater. In this research work, degradation of organic pollutants (dyes) have been done proficiently for the wastewater treatment applications. The synthesized steady graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) nanorods have been examined by various sophisticated characterization techniques such as XRD, SEM, EDS, TEM, UV-Vis and PL. The hexagonal phase of g-C3N4 has been showed in XRD analysis. SEM shows that the morphology of g-C3N4 consists of aggregated nanorods. The EDS depicting only two peaks which are carbon and nitrogen and nitrogen without impurities. According to the study of UV-Visible and PL, 2.77 eV band gap has been observed showing consistency. The steady g-C3N4 nanorods have been used for the degradation of prominent organic dyes such as: methylene orange (MO), methylene blue (MB) and rhodamine-B (Rh-B) for treatment of wastewater which is a dire need. The effect of c...
Jounal of Marine Science & Engineering, 2021
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
Journal of Environmental Management
Electrocoagulation (ECoag) technique has shown considerable potential as an effective method in s... more Electrocoagulation (ECoag) technique has shown considerable potential as an effective method in separating different types of pollutants (including inorganic pollutants) from various sources of water at a lower cost, and that is environmentally friendly. The EC method's performance depends on several significant parameters, including current density, reactor geometry, pH, operation time, the gap between electrodes, and agitation speed. There are some challenges related to the ECoag technique, for example, energy consumption, and electrode passivation as well as its implementation at a larger scale. This review highlights the recent studies published about ECoag capacity to remove inorganic pollutants (including salts), the emerging reactors, and the effect of reactor geometry designs. In addition, this paper highlights the integration of the ECoag technique with other advanced technologies such as microwave and ultrasonic to achieve higher removal efficiencies. This paper also presents a critical discussion of the major and minor reactions of the electrocoagulation technique with several significant operational parameters, emerging designs of the ECoag cell, operating conditions, and techno-economic analysis. Our review concluded that optimizing the operating parameters significantly enhanced the efficiency of the ECoag technique and reduced overall operating costs. Electrodes geometry has been recommended to minimize the passivation phenomenon, promote the conductivity of the cell, and reduce energy consumption. In this review, several challenges and gaps were identified, and insights for future development were discussed. We recommend that future studies investigate the effect of other emerging parameters like perforated and ball electrodes on the ECoag technique.
Inorganic Chemistry Communications
Abstract CdO-CuO-ZnO nanocomposite (CCZ NC) was prepared by a simplistic microwave-assisted route... more Abstract CdO-CuO-ZnO nanocomposite (CCZ NC) was prepared by a simplistic microwave-assisted route and inspected by utilizing diverse spectroscopic ways. The structural and morphological properties of CCZ NC were investigated via XRD, FTIR, and SEM with EDAX analysis. The XRD pattern reveals the crystal structure of cubic CdO, monoclinic CuO, and hexagonal ZnO with average crystallite size around 39 (CdO), 28 (CuO), 30 (ZnO) nm. The FTIR spectrum exposed distinctive vibration frequencies at 566, 630, and 451 cm−1 allocated to Cu-O, Cd-O, and Zn-O stretching vibrations, correspondingly. The flower-like structure was validated with SEM with EDAX investigation. The optical properties of CCZ NC were deliberated via UV–Visible and fluorescence spectroscopy. The optical bandgap of the synthesized CCZ NC is 2.8 eV. High-performance alizarin red S dye photocatalytic degradation (93% at 120 mins) was observed on the flower-like structure CCZ NC, under natural sunlight irradiation. Besides, the antibacterial activities of CCZ NC were investigated against foodborne microorganisms. CCZ NC showed a good zone of inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus (28 mm) and Salmonella typhi (22 mm). These results indicate that synergistic CCZ NC is a promising material for the functioning of bio-imaging, water purifying process, and pharmaceutical applications.
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Papers by Marlia M Hanafiah