Papers by Natalia Małecka-Drozd
Polish archaeology in the Mediterranean, Dec 31, 2022
W świetle najnowszych badań, w Egipcie istniały dobrze rozwinięte i opracowane metody fundamentow... more W świetle najnowszych badań, w Egipcie istniały dobrze rozwinięte i opracowane metody fundamentowania budowli, a jedną z najbardziej specyficznych ich form były platformy o konstrukcji kazamatowej. Wydaje się, że takie rozwiązanie architektoniczne może być ściśle związane z terenami Delty Nilu.Platformy fundamentowe o konstrukcji kazamatowej pojawiły się na terenie Egiptu w połowie II tysiąclecia p.n.e., lecz ich najpełniejszy rozwój przypada na okres I tysiąclecia p.n.e. W tym czasie zostały one przyjęte na szeroką skalę, w wyjątkowy sposób wpływając na zmianę krajobrazu miejskiego. Biorąc pod uwagę obszar, na którym rozpoznano większość platform kazamatowych, różnorodność struktur, jakie były wznoszone na takim fundamencie czy zakres chronologiczny rozpoznanych budowli, można stwierdzić dużą złożoność omawianego zagadnienia. Z tego względu istotna wydaje się próba rozpoznanie przyczyn powstania oraz rozwoju tej formy architektonicznej. Czynnikami, które należy wziąć pod uwagę są: ...
Peeters Publishers eBooks, Dec 31, 2021
Tell el-Murra, located in the north-eastern part of the Nile Delta, is the subject of excavations... more Tell el-Murra, located in the north-eastern part of the Nile Delta, is the subject of excavations conducted by the Institute of Archaeology of the Jagiellonian University in Kraków, following surveys carried out in 2008 and 2010-11. Settlement remains dating to the Predynastic Lower Egyptian culture through the end of the Old Kingdom period as well as an Early Dynastic cemetery have been explored. This report focuses on the results of recent research in the south-western (trench S3 and test trench S3B) and north-eastern (trench T5) parts of the site, conducted in the 2013-15 excavation seasons. In trench S3, 23 graves from the Early Dynastic period were explored and several others located, including both, simple pit burials and chamber graves. The bodies were usually laid on and covered by matting. In seveeral cases, they were buried in pottery cofÞ ns. The burial goods comprised mainly pottery and stone vessels. In trench T5, remains of the settlement from the Old Kingdom period we...
Recenzenci naukowi tomu/Texts' Reviewers of the volume: Prof. dr hab. Krzysztof M. Ciałowicz (Uni... more Recenzenci naukowi tomu/Texts' Reviewers of the volume: Prof. dr hab. Krzysztof M. Ciałowicz (Uniwersytet Jagielloński) Dr Andrzej Ćwiek (Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu) Prof. dr hab. Włodzimierz Godlewski (Uniwersytet Warszawski) Prof. dr hab. Maria Kaczmarek (Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu) Prof. dr hab. Adam Łajtar (Uniwersytet Warszawski) Prof. dr hab. Adam Łukaszewicz (Uniwersytet Warszawski) Prof. dr hab. Karol Myśliwiec (Polska Akademia Nauk) Prof. dr hab. Andrzej Niwiński (Uniwersytet Warszawski
Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean, 2021
Research on settlement patterns in the Nile Delta in the 3rd millenium BC is still in its infancy... more Research on settlement patterns in the Nile Delta in the 3rd millenium BC is still in its infancy. The work to date has been limited mainly to microregions and is related to the surveys conducted intensively since the 1980s, especially in the northeastern Delta and the area of Tell el-Fara’in/Buto. Recent inventorying and mapping work by the Egypt Exploration Society Delta Survey, which included also the results of new fieldwork, has created a map presenting the distribution of the Early Dynastic and Old Kingdom settlements in the Delta. Assuming that the recognized distribution of sites reflects to some extent the ancient settlement network, it gives grounds for considering the underlying reasons behind its formation. This paper highlights factors that could be of key significance for understanding this phenomenon, identifying areas that were pivotal to the process and those clearly marginal in their role. In effect, planning ground surveys and excavation research should gain in ef...
The paper deals with the results of excavation in 2014 and 2015 at the Tell el-Murra site in the ... more The paper deals with the results of excavation in 2014 and 2015 at the Tell el-Murra site in the northeastern part of the Nile Delta. The investigations covered a settlement mostly from the Old Kingdom period found in trench T5; more specifically, the investigated features seem primarily connected with food production. Settlement remains from the Naqada III–possibly Early Dynastic and Protodynastic(?) periods were also explored in trench S3B. Continued research on the Early Dynastic cemetery in trench S3 yielded 16 more graves, including simple pit burials and chamber graves. In several cases bodies had been placed in pottery coffins. The presence of several mud-brick walls, possibly associated with older settlement structures, was also confirmed within the lattermost trench. Altogether the research provided new data on the settlement architecture, site development processes and burial customs invoked in the beginnings of the Egyptian state.
Studies in Ancient Art and Civilisation
Casemate foundation platforms appeared in Egypt in the middle of the 2nd millennium BC during the... more Casemate foundation platforms appeared in Egypt in the middle of the 2nd millennium BC during the 2nd Intermediate period. As they are similar in nature to palace-citadel structures from the capital of Egypt under the Hyksos, Avaris, the possibility of their being Asiatic in origin has been considered. Recently, however, similar structures from Deir el-Ballas have been associated with Nubian funerary architecture. Yet making a choice between these two hypotheses means forgetting about the achievements of Egyptian brick architecture. The link between casemate foundation platforms and high Nile floods, as well as their structural features, unquestionably suggest Egyptian origin. Over the course of this paper, I would like to consider if the appearance of casemate platforms in the 2nd Intermediate period and the beginning of the New Kingdom could be related to mastaba burials and the local development of foundation laying methods.
Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean
The 3rd millennium BC appears to be a key period of development of the historical settlement land... more The 3rd millennium BC appears to be a key period of development of the historical settlement landscape in ancient Egypt. After the unification of the country, the process of disappearance of the predynastic socio-political structures and settlement patterns associated with them significantly accelerated. Old chiefdoms, along with their centres and elites, declined and vanished. On the other hand, new settlements emerging in various parts of the country were often strictly related to the central authorities and formation of the new territorial administration. Not negligible were climatic changes, which influenced the shifting of the ecumene. Although these changes were evolutionary in their nature, some important stages may be recognized. According to data obtained during surveys and excavations, there are a number of sites that were considerably impoverished and/or abandoned before and at the beginning of the Old Kingdom. On the other hand, during the Third and Fourth Dynasties some...
Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean
Excavations of the site of Tell el-Murra in the northeastern part of the Nile Delta in 2012 and 2... more Excavations of the site of Tell el-Murra in the northeastern part of the Nile Delta in 2012 and 2013, following up on surveys in 2008 and in 2010–2011, uncovered settlement structures from the Old Kingdom in the northeastern part of the site (trench T5). Excavations in the adjacent cemetery (trench S3) cleared more graves, which were dated to the Early Dynastic period based on pottery and stone vessel evidence.
Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean
The paper deals with the results of excavation in 2014 and 2015 at the Tell el-Murra site in the ... more The paper deals with the results of excavation in 2014 and 2015 at the Tell el-Murra site in the northeastern part of the Nile Delta. The investigations covered a settlement mostly from the Old Kingdom period found in trench T5; more specifically, the investigated features seem primarily connected with food production. Settlement remains from the Naqada III–possibly Early Dynastic and Protodynastic(?) periods were also explored in trench S3B. Continued research on the Early Dynastic cemetery in trench S3 yielded 16 more graves, including simple pit burials and chamber graves. In several cases bodies had been placed in pottery coffins. The presence of several mud-brick walls, possibly associated with older settlement structures, was also confirmed within the lattermost trench. Altogether the research provided new data on the settlement architecture, site development processes and burial customs invoked in the beginnings of the Egyptian state.
Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean
The paper deals with the results of excavation in 2016 and 2017 at the site of Tell el-Murra in t... more The paper deals with the results of excavation in 2016 and 2017 at the site of Tell el-Murra in the northeastern part of the Nile Delta. The investigation focused on Trench T5, where settlement remains dated mostly from the Early Dynastic period were explored in its northern part, and early Old Kingdom structures in the southern part. Settlement remains of Lower Egyptian culture were also excavated in Trench S3B. Continued research on the Early Dynastic cemetery in Trench S3 yielded eight more graves, both pit burials and chambered tombs. In one case, the body was placed additionally in a pottery coffin. The results contribute new data on Early Dynastic settlement architecture and burial customs, as well as the oldest habitation associated with Lower Egyptian culture.
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Papers by Natalia Małecka-Drozd