In this study, a 2 mm internal diameter (i.d.) polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) microprosthesis was... more In this study, a 2 mm internal diameter (i.d.) polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) microprosthesis was used in the venous system of the rat, to determine whether or not it could serve as an acceptable microvenous substitute. Forty Long-Evans rats were divided into four groups: Group 1-10 rats with autotransplant of an inferior vena cava segment; Group 2-10 rats with a segment substitution of the inferior vena cava by a 2 mm i.d. PFTE microprosthesis; Group 3-10 rats with a laterolateral portacaval shunt; and Group 4-10 rats with a portacaval shunt and interposition of a 2 mm i.d. PTFE microprosthesis (new model). The rats were sacrificed at different time intervals up to 100 days, with cavography (femoral access) in Groups 1 and 2 and spleenoportography (direct puncture of the spleen) in Groups 3 and 4, before sacrifice. In Group 1, a 100 percent patency was observed at a mean of 49 days; in Group 2, a 70 percent patency with a 30 percent stenosis at a mean of 39.4 days (p less than 0.05); in Group 3, a 100 percent patency at a mean of 42.5 days; and in Group 4, a 30 percent patency at a mean of 38.4 days (p less than 0.01). Results showed that the 2 mm i.d. PTFE microprosthesis placed in the venous system of the rat is not an efficacious procedure, and that the search for better microvenous substitutes should focus on those of biologic origin.
In this study, a 2 mm internal diameter (i.d.) polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) microprosthesis was... more In this study, a 2 mm internal diameter (i.d.) polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) microprosthesis was used in the venous system of the rat, to determine whether or not it could serve as an acceptable microvenous substitute. Forty Long-Evans rats were divided into four groups: Group 1-10 rats with autotransplant of an inferior vena cava segment; Group 2-10 rats with a segment substitution of the inferior vena cava by a 2 mm i.d. PFTE microprosthesis; Group 3-10 rats with a laterolateral portacaval shunt; and Group 4-10 rats with a portacaval shunt and interposition of a 2 mm i.d. PTFE microprosthesis (new model). The rats were sacrificed at different time intervals up to 100 days, with cavography (femoral access) in Groups 1 and 2 and spleenoportography (direct puncture of the spleen) in Groups 3 and 4, before sacrifice. In Group 1, a 100 percent patency was observed at a mean of 49 days; in Group 2, a 70 percent patency with a 30 percent stenosis at a mean of 39.4 days (p less than 0.05); in Group 3, a 100 percent patency at a mean of 42.5 days; and in Group 4, a 30 percent patency at a mean of 38.4 days (p less than 0.01). Results showed that the 2 mm i.d. PTFE microprosthesis placed in the venous system of the rat is not an efficacious procedure, and that the search for better microvenous substitutes should focus on those of biologic origin.
The search for better surgical repair of nerve injuries should be aimed at uncovering alternative... more The search for better surgical repair of nerve injuries should be aimed at uncovering alternatives that not only are efficient, but also enhance nerve growth. The purpose of this study was to compare functional nerve responses following repair with either a traditional microsuture technique or Quixil human fibrin sealant. Thirty female Lewis rats received transection of the right sciatic nerve. Nerve repair was achieved with either epineurial microsuture (n ¼ 15) or Quixil fibrin glue (n ¼ 15). Functional results were assessed at 2, 6, and 12 weeks postoperatively with walking-track analysis. Electrophysiologic nerve recordings were also performed 12 weeks postoperatively.
The search for better surgical repair of nerve injuries should be aimed at uncovering alternative... more The search for better surgical repair of nerve injuries should be aimed at uncovering alternatives that not only are efficient, but also enhance nerve growth. The purpose of this study was to compare functional nerve responses following repair with either a traditional microsuture technique or Quixil human fibrin sealant. Thirty female Lewis rats received transection of the right sciatic nerve. Nerve repair was achieved with either epineurial microsuture (n ¼ 15) or Quixil fibrin glue (n ¼ 15). Functional results were assessed at 2, 6, and 12 weeks postoperatively with walking-track analysis. Electrophysiologic nerve recordings were also performed 12 weeks postoperatively.
The goal of this study was to determine if International Federation of Obstetrics and Gynecology ... more The goal of this study was to determine if International Federation of Obstetrics and Gynecology (FIGO) subdivision into IA1 versus IA2 is predictive of survival differences for early invasive adenocarcinoma. The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End-Results (SEER) Public-Use Database was used to identify all cases of IA1 and IA2 adenocarcinoma diagnosed between 1983 and 1997. A systematic literature search (MEDLINE 1966-2000) was used to identify all previously published cases. Stage, depth of invasion, node status, therapy, and survival were analyzed using Fisher's exact and log-rank tests. In SEER, 560 cases were identified: 200 IA1, 286 IA2, and 74 localized. Simple hysterectomy was performed in 272 (48.6%) and radical hysterectomy in 210 (37.5%). Positive lymph nodes were found in 3 of 197 (1.5%) who underwent lymphadenectomy, 2 of whom died. The censored survival by stage (mean follow-up 51.6 months) was not significantly different (P = 0.77) for IA1 versus IA2 (98.5% vs 98.6%). Combining these data with all other published series of early cervical adenocarcinoma, 1170 cases were identified, including 585 IA1, 358 IA2, and 227 "others," with less defined early disease. Of 531 (45.4%) who underwent lymphadenectomy, 15 (1.28%) had one or more positive nodes; of these, 11 (73.3%) recurred or died. For IA1 versus IA2 disease, there were no significant differences in the frequency of positive lymph nodes, recurrence, or death. However, "others," those with less well-defined lesions, or larger than IA2, were at increased risk. Early invasive adenocarcinoma (IA1 and IA2) has an excellent prognosis and conservative surgery may be appropriate. Since current FIGO staging definitions do not distinguish high- from low-risk disease, individualization of therapy based on pathology review, risk assessment, and patient preference is recommended.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate trends in incidence and survival rates for gestational choriocarcinoma wit... more OBJECTIVE: To evaluate trends in incidence and survival rates for gestational choriocarcinoma with the use of population-based data.
AяѠѡџюѐѡ.-A multispecies colony of seabirds was studied on the island of Genovesa, in the norther... more AяѠѡџюѐѡ.-A multispecies colony of seabirds was studied on the island of Genovesa, in the northern part of the Galápagos archipelago, Ecuador, in 2003, to establish baseline health parameters and to test specifi cally for Chlamydophila psiĴ aci, known to exist elsewhere in the archipelago. Twenty-three Red-footed Boobies (Sula sula), 24 Great Frigatebirds (Fregata minor), 25 Nazca Boobies (S. granti), and 19 Swallow-tailed Gulls (Creagrus furcatus) were hand-restrained for venipuncture and collection of lacrimo-choanal-cloacal combination swabs. White blood cell (WBC) counts, diff erentials, and packed cell volumes were obtained and plasma chemistry analyses performed on the blood samples. Presence-absence and parasitemias of circulating hemoparasites were determined by microscopic evaluation of peripheral blood smears. Haemoproteus-like hemoparasites were found in three of the seabird species sampled. Prevalences were 29.2% (7 of 24) in Great Frigatebirds, 15.8% (3 of 19) in Swallow-tailed Gulls, and 8.7% (2 of 23) in Red-footed Boobies; none of the Nazca Boobies were infected. Parasitemia levels were relatively low within each of the infected species. Individual Great Frigatebirds with Haemoproteus infections also exhibited signifi cantly higher heterophil-to-lymphocyte concentration ratios than birds not infected with Haemoproteus, an indication that birds infected with Haemoproteus were also physiologically stressed or, alternatively, that they were actively fi ghting the infection. Haemoproteus prevalences within Great Frigatebirds on Genovesa were not signifi cantly diff erent from those previously reported from conspecifi c hosts in the Hawaiian Islands. To compare seabird hemoparasite data with those for a sympatric terrestrial species, Galapagos Doves (Zenaida galapagoensis) were sampled on Genovesa in 2004 and screened for Haemoproteus previously reported in Galapagos Doves on other islands. Prevalence in this terrestrial endemic was high (42.3%; 11 of 26), and several birds exhibited relatively high parasitemia levels. Chlamydophila psiĴ aci was not found in any birds by either serology or antigen detection methods.
Endemic free-ranging Galapagos doves (Zenaida galapagoensis) and introduced rock doves (Columba l... more Endemic free-ranging Galapagos doves (Zenaida galapagoensis) and introduced rock doves (Columba livia) were surveyed in several islands of the Galapagos archipelago to establish sample prevalence of hemoparasites, Trichomonas gallinae, Chlamydophila psittaci, and Salmonella species. A Haemoproteus sp., the only hemoparasite identified, was found in 89% of the Galapagos doves sampled but not in the rock doves. Trichomonas gallinae was detected by polymerase chain reaction in 44% of rock doves from San Cristobal but in none of the Galapagos doves. Chlamydophila psittaci was detected from cloacal swabs in 6% of the Galapagos doves but in none of the rock doves sampled. All positive cases of C. psittaci occurred on Española, where the crude sample prevalence was 24%. A polymerase chain reaction-based Salmonella test failed to show evidence of this organism from any birds sampled.
AяѠѡџюѐѡ.-A multispecies colony of seabirds was studied on the island of Genovesa, in the norther... more AяѠѡџюѐѡ.-A multispecies colony of seabirds was studied on the island of Genovesa, in the northern part of the Galápagos archipelago, Ecuador, in 2003, to establish baseline health parameters and to test specifi cally for Chlamydophila psiĴ aci, known to exist elsewhere in the archipelago. Twenty-three Red-footed Boobies (Sula sula), 24 Great Frigatebirds (Fregata minor), 25 Nazca Boobies (S. granti), and 19 Swallow-tailed Gulls (Creagrus furcatus) were hand-restrained for venipuncture and collection of lacrimo-choanal-cloacal combination swabs. White blood cell (WBC) counts, diff erentials, and packed cell volumes were obtained and plasma chemistry analyses performed on the blood samples. Presence-absence and parasitemias of circulating hemoparasites were determined by microscopic evaluation of peripheral blood smears. Haemoproteus-like hemoparasites were found in three of the seabird species sampled. Prevalences were 29.2% (7 of 24) in Great Frigatebirds, 15.8% (3 of 19) in Swallow-tailed Gulls, and 8.7% (2 of 23) in Red-footed Boobies; none of the Nazca Boobies were infected. Parasitemia levels were relatively low within each of the infected species. Individual Great Frigatebirds with Haemoproteus infections also exhibited signifi cantly higher heterophil-to-lymphocyte concentration ratios than birds not infected with Haemoproteus, an indication that birds infected with Haemoproteus were also physiologically stressed or, alternatively, that they were actively fi ghting the infection. Haemoproteus prevalences within Great Frigatebirds on Genovesa were not signifi cantly diff erent from those previously reported from conspecifi c hosts in the Hawaiian Islands. To compare seabird hemoparasite data with those for a sympatric terrestrial species, Galapagos Doves (Zenaida galapagoensis) were sampled on Genovesa in 2004 and screened for Haemoproteus previously reported in Galapagos Doves on other islands. Prevalence in this terrestrial endemic was high (42.3%; 11 of 26), and several birds exhibited relatively high parasitemia levels. Chlamydophila psiĴ aci was not found in any birds by either serology or antigen detection methods.
Endemic free-ranging Galapagos doves (Zenaida galapagoensis) and introduced rock doves (Columba l... more Endemic free-ranging Galapagos doves (Zenaida galapagoensis) and introduced rock doves (Columba livia) were surveyed in several islands of the Galapagos archipelago to establish sample prevalence of hemoparasites, Trichomonas gallinae, Chlamydophila psittaci, and Salmonella species. A Haemoproteus sp., the only hemoparasite identified, was found in 89% of the Galapagos doves sampled but not in the rock doves. Trichomonas gallinae was detected by polymerase chain reaction in 44% of rock doves from San Cristobal but in none of the Galapagos doves. Chlamydophila psittaci was detected from cloacal swabs in 6% of the Galapagos doves but in none of the rock doves sampled. All positive cases of C. psittaci occurred on Española, where the crude sample prevalence was 24%. A polymerase chain reaction-based Salmonella test failed to show evidence of this organism from any birds sampled.
In this study, a 2 mm internal diameter (i.d.) polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) microprosthesis was... more In this study, a 2 mm internal diameter (i.d.) polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) microprosthesis was used in the venous system of the rat, to determine whether or not it could serve as an acceptable microvenous substitute. Forty Long-Evans rats were divided into four groups: Group 1-10 rats with autotransplant of an inferior vena cava segment; Group 2-10 rats with a segment substitution of the inferior vena cava by a 2 mm i.d. PFTE microprosthesis; Group 3-10 rats with a laterolateral portacaval shunt; and Group 4-10 rats with a portacaval shunt and interposition of a 2 mm i.d. PTFE microprosthesis (new model). The rats were sacrificed at different time intervals up to 100 days, with cavography (femoral access) in Groups 1 and 2 and spleenoportography (direct puncture of the spleen) in Groups 3 and 4, before sacrifice. In Group 1, a 100 percent patency was observed at a mean of 49 days; in Group 2, a 70 percent patency with a 30 percent stenosis at a mean of 39.4 days (p less than 0.05); in Group 3, a 100 percent patency at a mean of 42.5 days; and in Group 4, a 30 percent patency at a mean of 38.4 days (p less than 0.01). Results showed that the 2 mm i.d. PTFE microprosthesis placed in the venous system of the rat is not an efficacious procedure, and that the search for better microvenous substitutes should focus on those of biologic origin.
In this study, a 2 mm internal diameter (i.d.) polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) microprosthesis was... more In this study, a 2 mm internal diameter (i.d.) polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) microprosthesis was used in the venous system of the rat, to determine whether or not it could serve as an acceptable microvenous substitute. Forty Long-Evans rats were divided into four groups: Group 1-10 rats with autotransplant of an inferior vena cava segment; Group 2-10 rats with a segment substitution of the inferior vena cava by a 2 mm i.d. PFTE microprosthesis; Group 3-10 rats with a laterolateral portacaval shunt; and Group 4-10 rats with a portacaval shunt and interposition of a 2 mm i.d. PTFE microprosthesis (new model). The rats were sacrificed at different time intervals up to 100 days, with cavography (femoral access) in Groups 1 and 2 and spleenoportography (direct puncture of the spleen) in Groups 3 and 4, before sacrifice. In Group 1, a 100 percent patency was observed at a mean of 49 days; in Group 2, a 70 percent patency with a 30 percent stenosis at a mean of 39.4 days (p less than 0.05); in Group 3, a 100 percent patency at a mean of 42.5 days; and in Group 4, a 30 percent patency at a mean of 38.4 days (p less than 0.01). Results showed that the 2 mm i.d. PTFE microprosthesis placed in the venous system of the rat is not an efficacious procedure, and that the search for better microvenous substitutes should focus on those of biologic origin.
The search for better surgical repair of nerve injuries should be aimed at uncovering alternative... more The search for better surgical repair of nerve injuries should be aimed at uncovering alternatives that not only are efficient, but also enhance nerve growth. The purpose of this study was to compare functional nerve responses following repair with either a traditional microsuture technique or Quixil human fibrin sealant. Thirty female Lewis rats received transection of the right sciatic nerve. Nerve repair was achieved with either epineurial microsuture (n ¼ 15) or Quixil fibrin glue (n ¼ 15). Functional results were assessed at 2, 6, and 12 weeks postoperatively with walking-track analysis. Electrophysiologic nerve recordings were also performed 12 weeks postoperatively.
The search for better surgical repair of nerve injuries should be aimed at uncovering alternative... more The search for better surgical repair of nerve injuries should be aimed at uncovering alternatives that not only are efficient, but also enhance nerve growth. The purpose of this study was to compare functional nerve responses following repair with either a traditional microsuture technique or Quixil human fibrin sealant. Thirty female Lewis rats received transection of the right sciatic nerve. Nerve repair was achieved with either epineurial microsuture (n ¼ 15) or Quixil fibrin glue (n ¼ 15). Functional results were assessed at 2, 6, and 12 weeks postoperatively with walking-track analysis. Electrophysiologic nerve recordings were also performed 12 weeks postoperatively.
The goal of this study was to determine if International Federation of Obstetrics and Gynecology ... more The goal of this study was to determine if International Federation of Obstetrics and Gynecology (FIGO) subdivision into IA1 versus IA2 is predictive of survival differences for early invasive adenocarcinoma. The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End-Results (SEER) Public-Use Database was used to identify all cases of IA1 and IA2 adenocarcinoma diagnosed between 1983 and 1997. A systematic literature search (MEDLINE 1966-2000) was used to identify all previously published cases. Stage, depth of invasion, node status, therapy, and survival were analyzed using Fisher's exact and log-rank tests. In SEER, 560 cases were identified: 200 IA1, 286 IA2, and 74 localized. Simple hysterectomy was performed in 272 (48.6%) and radical hysterectomy in 210 (37.5%). Positive lymph nodes were found in 3 of 197 (1.5%) who underwent lymphadenectomy, 2 of whom died. The censored survival by stage (mean follow-up 51.6 months) was not significantly different (P = 0.77) for IA1 versus IA2 (98.5% vs 98.6%). Combining these data with all other published series of early cervical adenocarcinoma, 1170 cases were identified, including 585 IA1, 358 IA2, and 227 "others," with less defined early disease. Of 531 (45.4%) who underwent lymphadenectomy, 15 (1.28%) had one or more positive nodes; of these, 11 (73.3%) recurred or died. For IA1 versus IA2 disease, there were no significant differences in the frequency of positive lymph nodes, recurrence, or death. However, "others," those with less well-defined lesions, or larger than IA2, were at increased risk. Early invasive adenocarcinoma (IA1 and IA2) has an excellent prognosis and conservative surgery may be appropriate. Since current FIGO staging definitions do not distinguish high- from low-risk disease, individualization of therapy based on pathology review, risk assessment, and patient preference is recommended.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate trends in incidence and survival rates for gestational choriocarcinoma wit... more OBJECTIVE: To evaluate trends in incidence and survival rates for gestational choriocarcinoma with the use of population-based data.
AяѠѡџюѐѡ.-A multispecies colony of seabirds was studied on the island of Genovesa, in the norther... more AяѠѡџюѐѡ.-A multispecies colony of seabirds was studied on the island of Genovesa, in the northern part of the Galápagos archipelago, Ecuador, in 2003, to establish baseline health parameters and to test specifi cally for Chlamydophila psiĴ aci, known to exist elsewhere in the archipelago. Twenty-three Red-footed Boobies (Sula sula), 24 Great Frigatebirds (Fregata minor), 25 Nazca Boobies (S. granti), and 19 Swallow-tailed Gulls (Creagrus furcatus) were hand-restrained for venipuncture and collection of lacrimo-choanal-cloacal combination swabs. White blood cell (WBC) counts, diff erentials, and packed cell volumes were obtained and plasma chemistry analyses performed on the blood samples. Presence-absence and parasitemias of circulating hemoparasites were determined by microscopic evaluation of peripheral blood smears. Haemoproteus-like hemoparasites were found in three of the seabird species sampled. Prevalences were 29.2% (7 of 24) in Great Frigatebirds, 15.8% (3 of 19) in Swallow-tailed Gulls, and 8.7% (2 of 23) in Red-footed Boobies; none of the Nazca Boobies were infected. Parasitemia levels were relatively low within each of the infected species. Individual Great Frigatebirds with Haemoproteus infections also exhibited signifi cantly higher heterophil-to-lymphocyte concentration ratios than birds not infected with Haemoproteus, an indication that birds infected with Haemoproteus were also physiologically stressed or, alternatively, that they were actively fi ghting the infection. Haemoproteus prevalences within Great Frigatebirds on Genovesa were not signifi cantly diff erent from those previously reported from conspecifi c hosts in the Hawaiian Islands. To compare seabird hemoparasite data with those for a sympatric terrestrial species, Galapagos Doves (Zenaida galapagoensis) were sampled on Genovesa in 2004 and screened for Haemoproteus previously reported in Galapagos Doves on other islands. Prevalence in this terrestrial endemic was high (42.3%; 11 of 26), and several birds exhibited relatively high parasitemia levels. Chlamydophila psiĴ aci was not found in any birds by either serology or antigen detection methods.
Endemic free-ranging Galapagos doves (Zenaida galapagoensis) and introduced rock doves (Columba l... more Endemic free-ranging Galapagos doves (Zenaida galapagoensis) and introduced rock doves (Columba livia) were surveyed in several islands of the Galapagos archipelago to establish sample prevalence of hemoparasites, Trichomonas gallinae, Chlamydophila psittaci, and Salmonella species. A Haemoproteus sp., the only hemoparasite identified, was found in 89% of the Galapagos doves sampled but not in the rock doves. Trichomonas gallinae was detected by polymerase chain reaction in 44% of rock doves from San Cristobal but in none of the Galapagos doves. Chlamydophila psittaci was detected from cloacal swabs in 6% of the Galapagos doves but in none of the rock doves sampled. All positive cases of C. psittaci occurred on Española, where the crude sample prevalence was 24%. A polymerase chain reaction-based Salmonella test failed to show evidence of this organism from any birds sampled.
AяѠѡџюѐѡ.-A multispecies colony of seabirds was studied on the island of Genovesa, in the norther... more AяѠѡџюѐѡ.-A multispecies colony of seabirds was studied on the island of Genovesa, in the northern part of the Galápagos archipelago, Ecuador, in 2003, to establish baseline health parameters and to test specifi cally for Chlamydophila psiĴ aci, known to exist elsewhere in the archipelago. Twenty-three Red-footed Boobies (Sula sula), 24 Great Frigatebirds (Fregata minor), 25 Nazca Boobies (S. granti), and 19 Swallow-tailed Gulls (Creagrus furcatus) were hand-restrained for venipuncture and collection of lacrimo-choanal-cloacal combination swabs. White blood cell (WBC) counts, diff erentials, and packed cell volumes were obtained and plasma chemistry analyses performed on the blood samples. Presence-absence and parasitemias of circulating hemoparasites were determined by microscopic evaluation of peripheral blood smears. Haemoproteus-like hemoparasites were found in three of the seabird species sampled. Prevalences were 29.2% (7 of 24) in Great Frigatebirds, 15.8% (3 of 19) in Swallow-tailed Gulls, and 8.7% (2 of 23) in Red-footed Boobies; none of the Nazca Boobies were infected. Parasitemia levels were relatively low within each of the infected species. Individual Great Frigatebirds with Haemoproteus infections also exhibited signifi cantly higher heterophil-to-lymphocyte concentration ratios than birds not infected with Haemoproteus, an indication that birds infected with Haemoproteus were also physiologically stressed or, alternatively, that they were actively fi ghting the infection. Haemoproteus prevalences within Great Frigatebirds on Genovesa were not signifi cantly diff erent from those previously reported from conspecifi c hosts in the Hawaiian Islands. To compare seabird hemoparasite data with those for a sympatric terrestrial species, Galapagos Doves (Zenaida galapagoensis) were sampled on Genovesa in 2004 and screened for Haemoproteus previously reported in Galapagos Doves on other islands. Prevalence in this terrestrial endemic was high (42.3%; 11 of 26), and several birds exhibited relatively high parasitemia levels. Chlamydophila psiĴ aci was not found in any birds by either serology or antigen detection methods.
Endemic free-ranging Galapagos doves (Zenaida galapagoensis) and introduced rock doves (Columba l... more Endemic free-ranging Galapagos doves (Zenaida galapagoensis) and introduced rock doves (Columba livia) were surveyed in several islands of the Galapagos archipelago to establish sample prevalence of hemoparasites, Trichomonas gallinae, Chlamydophila psittaci, and Salmonella species. A Haemoproteus sp., the only hemoparasite identified, was found in 89% of the Galapagos doves sampled but not in the rock doves. Trichomonas gallinae was detected by polymerase chain reaction in 44% of rock doves from San Cristobal but in none of the Galapagos doves. Chlamydophila psittaci was detected from cloacal swabs in 6% of the Galapagos doves but in none of the rock doves sampled. All positive cases of C. psittaci occurred on Española, where the crude sample prevalence was 24%. A polymerase chain reaction-based Salmonella test failed to show evidence of this organism from any birds sampled.
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