Chemical Engineering, chemistry

Diabetes melitus adalah penyakit metabolisme dimana terjadi hiperglikemia. Hal ini disebabkan oleh abnormalitas pada produksi insulin atau pada pendistribusiannya. Prevalensi diabetes melitus hingga saat ini terus meningkat di seluruh dunia termasuk di Indonesia. Menurut hasil Riset kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas), diperoleh bahwa prevalensi diabetes melitus pada Riskesdas 2018 meningkat 2,6% dibandingkan tahun 2013 dan mencapai angka 14 juta jiwa. Diabetes melitus bukanlah hanya masalah kesehatan, namun juga masalah perilaku dan gaya hidup. Diabetes melitus dapat terjadi karena perilaku dan gaya hidup yang tidak sehat. Maka dari itu dibutuhkan pendekatan yang dapat mengubah perilaku dan gaya hidup pasien diabetes melitus. Patient empowerment dan self-management merupakan proses pendekatan yang dapat memperbaiki perilaku dan gaya hidup pasien.

Seed priming increases tolerance of plants against various environmental stresses. Although ample literature is available that depicts the beneficial effects of priming under different environmental stresses, the information on induction of tolerance to Pb stress through seed priming with ascorbic acid (AsA) is limited. Therefore, this study was performed to examine the effect of seed priming with AsA (50 and 100 mg L-1), hydropriming and without priming (control) on physiochemical processes of okra cultivars (Subz-Pari and Arka Anamika) under Pb stress (0, 100 mg L-1). Pb stress caused a considerable decline in plant growth and photosynthetic pigments. Contrarily, Pb stress exhibited rise in the contents of total amino acids, free proline, total soluble proteins and AsA. The POD, CAT, and SOD activities were recorded highest at 100 mg L-1 of Pb. Moreover, Pb stress markedly increased H 2 O 2 and MDA levels that triggered oxidative stress. However, plants raised from seed primed with AsA and water exhibited better growth and had higher chlorophylls, free proline, total proteins, total amino acids, AsA and activities of enzymatic antioxidants. Priming with AsA (50 mg L-1) induced better tolerance to Pb stress in okra plants. Plants of cv. Arka Anamika exhibited greater tolerance to Pb than that of cv. Subz-Pari as was evident from higher plant fresh and dry masses. Keywords Antioxidant enzymes Á Chlorophyll pigments Á Growth Á Ascorbic acid Á Metals Á Lipid peroxidation Á Okra Communicated by N. A. Anjum.

. The objective of this sresearch is to isolate and identify the compound from Papaya Seed (Carica Papaya L). There are around 600gr of Papaya Seed (Carica Papaya L) pollen mixed with methanol solution and produced 4,6 L of solution then evaporated and produced 88, 89 gr thick extract. Separation by chromatography column got 7 fractions (H 1 -H 7 ). Fraction H7 continued by purify tested by using dimension KLT 1 and KLT 2 produced 1 spot. The chemistry tested shows positively to fenol and alkaloid. Pure isolate continued by spectrometry analysis UV-Vis and IR. The result of spectopometry from isolate showed that there are an absorption on wave length 262, 5 nm tape 1 and 213, 5 nm tape 2. Identification by IR shows that there are cluster function O-H bond, C-H aromatic, C-H Aliphatic, C=C, C=O, and C=O. from both analysis and chemistry tested pure isolate compound is Fenol compound. Abstrak: Isolasi dan Identifikasi Senyawa Fenol dari Ekstrak Metanol Biji Pepaya (Carica Papaya L) Penelitian ini bermaksud untuk mengisolasi dan mengidentifikasi senyawa yang terkandung di dalam Ekstrak metanol biji papaya (Carica Papaya L). Sebanyak 600 gr serbuk biji papaya dimaserasi dengan pelarut metanol menghasilkan ekstrak metanol 4,6 L. Maserat yang di peroleh di evaporasi dan diperoleh ekstrak kental sebanyak 88,89 gr. Hasil pemisahan dengan kromatografi kolom menghasilkan 7 fraksi . Fraksi H 7 dimurnikan menggunaan pelarut n-heksan : etil asetat dan Kloroform : Metanol (9:1 dan 5:5) dengan uji KLT dua dimensi menghasilkan isolat murni, selanjutnya fraksi H 7 dilanjutkan dengan uji fitokimia dan positif terhadap fenol dan Alkaloid. Terhadap isolat murni dilakukan analisis spektofotometer UV-Vis dan IR. Hasil analisis dengan spektrofotometer, menunjukan serapan pada dua panjang gelombang yakni 262,5 nm pita 1 dan 213,5 nm pita 2. Identifikasi dengan IR menunjukan adanya gugus fungsi O-H terikat, C-H aromatik, C-H alifatik, C=C, dan C=O. Dari kedua analisis tersebut dan berdasarkan hasil uji fitokimia, diduga isolat murni merupakan senyawa fenol.

Peristiwa tragedi kemanusiaan di Tanjung Priok pada pertengahan tahun 1984, merupakan salah satu dari sekian banyak rentetan jejak dan fakta kelamnya masa pemerintahan Suharto. Satu masa rezim militer yang berlumuran darah dari awal masa kekuasaannya sampai akhir masa kediktatorannya.

The dopamine (DA) system has a profound impact on reward-motivated behavior and is critically involved in neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Although DA defects are found in autistic patients, it is not well defined how the DA pathways are altered in ASD and whether DA can be utilized as a potential therapeutic agent for ASD. To this end, we employed a phenotypic and a genetic ASD model, i.e., Black and Tan BRachyury T+Itpr3tf/J (BTBR) mice and Fragile X Mental Retardation 1 knockout (Fmr1-KO) mice, respectively. Immunostaining of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) to mark dopaminergic neurons revealed an overall reduction in the TH expression in the substantia nigra, ventral tegmental area and dorsal striatum of BTBR mice, as compared to C57BL/6 J wild-type ones. In contrast, Fmr1-KO animals did not show such an alteration but displayed abnormal morphology of TH-positive axons in the striatum with higher “complexity” and lower “texture”. Both strains exhib...