The effects of application of the herbicides fluazifop-pbutyl and fomesafen and the commercial mi... more The effects of application of the herbicides fluazifop-pbutyl and fomesafen and the commercial mixture of these herbicides on the microbial activity of a soil, cultivated with common bean under no-till (NTS) and conventional-till (CTS) systems, were evaluated. Microbial respiration was monitored for 63 days after application (DAA) of the herbicides, and the following evaluated at 12 and 51 DAA: microbial biomass carbon (MBC), microbial quotient (qMIC), metabolic quotient (qCO 2), percentage of bean root colonisation by mycorrhizal fungi and grain yield at the end of the cycle. A greater microbial respiratory rate was observed under NTS, with fluazifop-p-butyl providing the lowest respiration. At 12 DAA, MBC and qMIC were most affected negatively by fomesafen and by the commercial mixture of the two herbicides. Mycorrhizal colonisation was affected by the herbicides only at 12 DAA under CTS; however, in both periods, the highest value was found under NTS. All the herbicides caused a decrease in the MBC and qMIC values at 51 DAA; the qCO 2 , which is related to the soil system stability, indicated a greater NTS balance over CTS. The herbicide fomesafen induced lower stability in the system. Lower grain yield was obtained without weed control (no herbicides) and with fomesafen-only treatments, which may be attributed to the high weed infestation in the experimental area.
... por fotometria de chama [9] A descoloração ea coloração do material fúngico foram realizadas ... more ... por fotometria de chama [9] A descoloração ea coloração do material fúngico foram realizadas utilizando-se a técnica descrita por Koske & Gemma [10]. ... Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Scott-Knott a 5% de significância ...
Objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar o efeito do glyphosate, em aplicação sequencial, e da sua int... more Objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar o efeito do glyphosate, em aplicação sequencial, e da sua interação com endossulfan + tebuconazole na colonização micorrízica, na nodulação e nos teores de fósforo e nitrogênio foliar em plantas de soja. O experimento foi conduzido a campo em Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo câmbico, no ano agrícola de 2007/08. Foram avaliados dez tratamentos em em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, no delineamento de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Nas parcelas, avaliou-se o efeito da aplicação ou não da mistura de inseticida (endossulfan) + fungicida (tebuconazole) e, nas subparcelas, o efeito dos métodos de controle de plantas daninhas (testemunha não capinada, testemunha capinada, aplicação única de glyphosate, aplicação sequencial de glyphosate e aplicação única de fomesafen + fluazifop-p-butil). A matéria seca de nódulos (MSN) e da parte aérea (MSPA), o número de nódulos (NN), a colonização micorrízica e os teores de N e P foliar foram avaliados quando ...
Mycorrhyzal association is the symbiotic association among some soil fungus and most plant roots.... more Mycorrhyzal association is the symbiotic association among some soil fungus and most plant roots. Eucalyptus has the capacity of associating with two types of mychorrizal, arbuscular and ectomycorrhizal mycorrhizal,depending of its age. The objective of this work was to evaluate colonization rates by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AM) and ectomycorrhizal fungi (ECM) and the number of spores of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in in commercial plantations of Eucalyptus grandis and Eucalyptus urophylla, at different ages and managements practices, from December 2002 to February, 2004, in eastern region of Minas Gerais, Brazil. In all periods of sampling and at all ages of the plant, it was found both AM and ECM and the colonization general mean by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) was 26%. The average number of spores of those fungi was 374.7 per 100 g of soil and colonization by ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) was 20.2 %. Most percentages of colonization by EMF were observed in areas with yo...
Studies on the ecology of the organisms involved in the production process are necessary for the ... more Studies on the ecology of the organisms involved in the production process are necessary for the development of sustainable agriculture, and sustainability is currently closely linked to the profitability of production. The objective of this study was to verify the occurrence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in weeds infesting Brazilian crops and to evaluate the inorganic phosphate solubilization potential of the associated microbiota. A total of 36 weed species were evaluated for the occurrence of mycorrhizae; of these, 11 were selected to evaluate their potential for total and relative phosphate solubilization. All of the species demonstrated mycorrhizal colonization, including a member of the Brassicaceae family, which is usually assumed to be non-mycorrhizal. In most of the species, morphological types of arbuscular and coiled hyphae were observed, with the coiled hyphae being the most common in the grasses. Dark septate endophytic fungi were observed in most of the plants. The weeds presented different potentials for P solubilization in the rhizosphere; Amaranthus retroflexus, Bidens pilosa and Leonotis nepetaefolia showed high values of relative phosphate solubilization. This is the first report on the mycorrhizae and phosphate solubilization activity in weeds in Brazil.
Abstract The biodiversity in Amazon forest soils is continuously challenged by anthropogenic acti... more Abstract The biodiversity in Amazon forest soils is continuously challenged by anthropogenic activities or disturbances, impacting the quantity and quality of its natural resources and a wide range of ecosystem services. Understanding microbial processes and response to various soil management practices provide valuable information to maintain sustainable ecological environments. We hypothesized that microbial assemblages (several not yet identified) and activities are continuously changing in forest ecosystems, mostly due to management selections. Therefore, our work's objective was to assess bacteria communities' changes via next-generation sequencing techniques and bridge knowledge gaps in our understanding of their responses to deforestations, intensive agriculture, and repeated forest burning activities in altered and native forest locations in the Northern Amazon Rainforest, Brazil. We evaluated soils during different climatic periods (dry and rainy) collected at selected sites for pasture, conventional agriculture, and forestry. Intensive conversion to pasture and conventional plantations seriously impacted the bacterial diversities and species richness. The forest area presented the greatest bacterial diversities and species richness, followed by the pasture areas, especially in the 0–5 cm soil layer. Conventional plantations showed the lowest diversities and species richness. There was no change in species richness between the dry and rainy periods; however, the wet period showed lesser species diversities. Based on the analyses, the bacterial communities comprised of the phyla: Acidobacteria, Firmicutes, Verrucomicrobia, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Planctomycetes, and Cyanobacteria. Bacteria trends identified are being considered in future management decisions to preserve biodiversities and the region's forest ecosystems' functioning.
Post-harvest processing and microbial fermentation of coffee fruits play an essential role in the... more Post-harvest processing and microbial fermentation of coffee fruits play an essential role in the metabolites formation that influence the nutritional and sensory quality of the beverage. Thus, the objective of this study was to analyze the effect of coffee cherries processing and fermentation conditions on the microbial communities and the chemical and sensory quality of the beverage. Induced fermentation changed in the bacteria and fungi communities (Treatments: T1, T3, and T7). Klebsiella sp. inoculation (T1) allowed an increase in richness of bacteria and 81 points in the sensory score over the fermentation time. However, there was a reduction in richness of microbial community in treatments with Saccharomyces cerevisiae (T3 and T7). An increase in the indexes of microbial diversity was observed in 72 h in treatment with coffee pulp (T2). In treatment with coffee cherries and spontaneous fermentation (T4) had a higher sensory score than other treatments, indicating a sensory gain from 36 to 72 h. Coffee cherries with superficial disinfection (T5) had a reduction in microbial profile, but did not change the final score of the beverage over the 72 h. In T6 (floaters fruits) was observed an alteration in the fungal community (36–72 h) and the lowest sensory score. The impact of adding water on coffee fermentation was dependent on time (T3 and T7). Furthermore, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural has a positive correlation with the final score of the beverage. Thus, microbial profile and sensory score of beverages are dependent of conditions of processing of coffee fruits and fermentation.
Effective microorganisms (EM) are inoculants used by farmers on various crops, and the actual eff... more Effective microorganisms (EM) are inoculants used by farmers on various crops, and the actual efficiency of EM and their composition have been widely discussed. The objective of this study was to analyze the profile of the microbial community in soils after applying 3 EM inoculants from different origins with and without manure and to determine the impacts on growth and chemical composition of Urochloa brizantha (palisade grass). We showed, by PCR-DGGE technique, that the community structure of the fungi and bacteria in soil differed with EMs from different sources and that adding manure to the soil also significantly altered the bacterial and fungal profile. We also found that adding manure to soil resulted in a pronounced increase in both dry matter yield and crude protein concentration in palisade grass, while benefits of applying EM were largely restricted to a farmer-produced inoculant, where CP% was increased and NDF% was reduced when applied along with manure.
A expressao final da qualidade da bebida do cafe e o resultado de um conjunto complexo de interac... more A expressao final da qualidade da bebida do cafe e o resultado de um conjunto complexo de interacoes de fatores bioticos e abioticos, entre os quais se destaca a microbiota presente nos frutos durante os varios estadios de maturacao. Este trabalho teve como objetivo quantificar e isolar populacoes microbianas encontradas na superficie da casca polpa dos frutos durante dois estagios de desenvolvimento maduro e verdoengo. As amostras de frutos de cafe arabica foram coletadas em no Estado do Espirito Santo Santo em duas propriedades, onde a Propriedade 1 esta localizada a 1005 metros de altitude com Face de sol ao Sul e a Propriedade 2 esta localizada a 1021 metros de altitude com Face de sol ao Sul. Os graos foram lavados com solucao salina e esta foi plaqueada para determinar o numero de celulas viaveis pela tecnica de contagem de colonias em placas de Petri. A seguir foi feito o isolamento de microrganismos, a partir de colonias morfologicamente distintas, em cada uma das placas. ...
A presenca de associacoes micorrizicas nas plantas e muito comum em condicoes naturais do solo. A... more A presenca de associacoes micorrizicas nas plantas e muito comum em condicoes naturais do solo. Apenas algumas plantas, como exemplo as Brassicaceae , nao apresentam associacao. A maioria das outras plantas, principalmente as de importância economica, como especies florestais, culturas anuais e perenes formam associacoes micorrizicas. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a comunidade de fungos micorrizicos arbusculares (FMAs) presentes no solo de cafezais com cultivar de Coffea Arabica L. coletados em propriedades localizadas em diferentes altitudes e faces de exposicao ao Sol pela tecnica de sequenciamento de nova geracao. Vinte e sete amostras compostas de solo de C . arabica foram coletadas de em 9 propriedades do Estado do Espirito Santo em diferentes altitudes e faces de exposicao ao Sol. Tres locais foram amostrados em lavouras de Catuai Vermelho em cada propriedade, cada local foi composto por 3 plantas e foram coletados solo em 5 pontos por planta. Estas foram transportadas n...
Prokaryotes play crucial roles in the rehabilitation process to restore the ecological integrity ... more Prokaryotes play crucial roles in the rehabilitation process to restore the ecological integrity of disturbed areas. This work reports on the profiles of N‐fixing microorganisms and Actinobacteria, from DGGE, the prokaryotic composition from next‐generation sequencing (NGS) and physicochemical soil characteristics. We compared a deactivated mining site where mining ended about 10 years ago, when the revegetation process was begun (RV), and a reference site, with natural vegetation (NT), both located at Retiro das Almas Mine, in the Quadrilátero Ferrífero region, Minas Gerais, Brazil. In both sites, the most abundant archaeal and bacterial groups included Euryarchaeota, Thaumarchaeota, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia and revealed differences in their ecological metrics and distribution. Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria were most abundant in RV sites, while Acidobacteria and Verrucomicrobia were most abundant in NT sites. Less abundant phyla, such as Bathyarchaeota (Archaea) and GAL 15 (Bacteria) were found only in NT, while Gracilibacteria, Ignavibacteriae BJ‐169, and BRC1 were only found in RV. The majority of identified bacterial genera were shared by RV and NT. Soil P, pH, and particle density were most significant (p < 0.05) in RV, while Fe, Ca, organic matter, potential acidity and dispersed clays, were most significant (p < 0.05) in NT, showing differences in soil characteristics, which led the prokaryotic composition in these sites. DGGE profiles of N‐fixing microorganisms revealed N‐fixing predominance in both sites, although after 10 years prokaryotes diversity increased in RV site. Our results revealed that prokaryotic structure and composition are indicative of RV soil resilience.
The supplementation of nitrogen can be increased by the use of nitrogen-fixing, diazotrophic bact... more The supplementation of nitrogen can be increased by the use of nitrogen-fixing, diazotrophic bacteria such as Azospirillum brasilense. These bacteria can act to promote plant growth in various plant species, including corn (Zea mays L.). However, there is a need to understand the behavior of these bacteria in different agricultural systems. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect on the growth and yield of corn inoculated with A. brasilense, and to identify the type of farming system which benefited most from the use of A. brasilense-based inoculants. The experiment conducted over two corn crop seasons was arranged in a 6 × 2 factorial scheme, consisting of six farming systems and the presence or absence of inoculation with the bacteria A. brasilense. The farming systems were derived from a long-term experiment with different fertilization systems that has been conducted since 1984. Among these systems, there were three conventional systems (CNT1: conventional no-till...
Abstract The reduction of environmental pollutants has been important for the sustainability (env... more Abstract The reduction of environmental pollutants has been important for the sustainability (environmental, economic, and social) of the manufacturing companies. The agro-industry annually produces tons of vegetable residues that is discarded in the environment. Textile industries have a high rate of dye discharges in water resources. Fungal enzymes produced in plant residues can degrade recalcitrant organic compounds. Thus, the aim of the study was the production, purification, characterization, and use of dye discoloration of enzymes produced by Pleurotus ostreatus (PLO 02 and PLO 06) and Pleurotus eryngii (PLE 05) in Macauba coconut (Acrocomia aculeate) residue. The initial time of colonization of the substrate was of 18 (P. eryngii) and 22 days (P. ostreratus). After this period, 50 g of substrate were collected every five days to evaluate the enzymatic activity before and after the purification in sephadex G-100 column. All fungal strains had activity of laccase, lignin peroxidase (LiP), manganese peroxidase (MnP), xylanase, cellulase, and lipase in crude protein extract. The enzymes kept the activities from 4 to 60 °C for about 16 h and these activities were higher in acidic than alkaline pH. Furthermore, the enzymes of P. eryngii degraded about 100% of Carmine indigo dye after 24 h of incubation. Therefore, the Macauba coconut residue is a good substrate for the enzyme production and these enzymes have high degradation capacity of the indigo dye.
Effective microorganisms (EM) are inoculants formed by fungi and bacteria isolated from soil. EM ... more Effective microorganisms (EM) are inoculants formed by fungi and bacteria isolated from soil. EM are commonly used by farmers on agronomic crops to stimulate plant growth, but their composition and their benefi ts has been controverted. This study aimed to analyze the diversity of microorganisms growing in three EM inoculants, as well as to evaluate their effi ciency in the germination of palisade grass seeds. The total DNA of the three EM inoculants was extracted, the 16S rRNA and ITS genes were amplifi ed by PCR and sequenced on the Illumina MiSeq platform. Germination tests were conducted with three type of the EM, in three concentration and two times of the immersion. The bacterial group was the most abundant in EM, followed by fungi. Bacterial operational taxonomic units OTUs were shared by all EMs. Pre-treatments of palisade grass seeds with EMs resulted in a higher germination percentage (% G) and germination speed index (IVG) when EM was used at concentration of 1 or 2% in water. Seed immersion for 5 min was more effi cient than immersion for 24 h. We can conclude that EM of different origin can share microbial groups and diversity of microorganisms, besides being an alternative to increase palisade grass seeds germination.
Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science Journal, 2017
Supplementation of edible fungi with essential mineral during cultivation has been an interesting... more Supplementation of edible fungi with essential mineral during cultivation has been an interesting approach to proffer solution to mineral deficiency. Effect of selenium Se concentrations 0, 50.0, 100.0 mg mL-1 as sodium selenite on mycelial growth and biomass production of Pleurotus spp. was assessed. The biological efficiency and uptake of Se was determined after the cultivation of Pleurotus mushrooms on Urochloa decumbens signal grass with 50.0 g kg-1 of Se. The fungal growth rate and biomass production were reduced after addition of Se and their value ranged from 1.0 mm d-1 to 3.6 mm d-1 and 5.63 g to 30.5 g respectively. Higher biological efficiency (115.23%) was obtained for P. ostreatus P93 and was significantly different…
The effects of application of the herbicides fluazifop-pbutyl and fomesafen and the commercial mi... more The effects of application of the herbicides fluazifop-pbutyl and fomesafen and the commercial mixture of these herbicides on the microbial activity of a soil, cultivated with common bean under no-till (NTS) and conventional-till (CTS) systems, were evaluated. Microbial respiration was monitored for 63 days after application (DAA) of the herbicides, and the following evaluated at 12 and 51 DAA: microbial biomass carbon (MBC), microbial quotient (qMIC), metabolic quotient (qCO 2), percentage of bean root colonisation by mycorrhizal fungi and grain yield at the end of the cycle. A greater microbial respiratory rate was observed under NTS, with fluazifop-p-butyl providing the lowest respiration. At 12 DAA, MBC and qMIC were most affected negatively by fomesafen and by the commercial mixture of the two herbicides. Mycorrhizal colonisation was affected by the herbicides only at 12 DAA under CTS; however, in both periods, the highest value was found under NTS. All the herbicides caused a decrease in the MBC and qMIC values at 51 DAA; the qCO 2 , which is related to the soil system stability, indicated a greater NTS balance over CTS. The herbicide fomesafen induced lower stability in the system. Lower grain yield was obtained without weed control (no herbicides) and with fomesafen-only treatments, which may be attributed to the high weed infestation in the experimental area.
... por fotometria de chama [9] A descoloração ea coloração do material fúngico foram realizadas ... more ... por fotometria de chama [9] A descoloração ea coloração do material fúngico foram realizadas utilizando-se a técnica descrita por Koske &amp; Gemma [10]. ... Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Scott-Knott a 5% de significância ...
Objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar o efeito do glyphosate, em aplicação sequencial, e da sua int... more Objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar o efeito do glyphosate, em aplicação sequencial, e da sua interação com endossulfan + tebuconazole na colonização micorrízica, na nodulação e nos teores de fósforo e nitrogênio foliar em plantas de soja. O experimento foi conduzido a campo em Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo câmbico, no ano agrícola de 2007/08. Foram avaliados dez tratamentos em em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, no delineamento de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Nas parcelas, avaliou-se o efeito da aplicação ou não da mistura de inseticida (endossulfan) + fungicida (tebuconazole) e, nas subparcelas, o efeito dos métodos de controle de plantas daninhas (testemunha não capinada, testemunha capinada, aplicação única de glyphosate, aplicação sequencial de glyphosate e aplicação única de fomesafen + fluazifop-p-butil). A matéria seca de nódulos (MSN) e da parte aérea (MSPA), o número de nódulos (NN), a colonização micorrízica e os teores de N e P foliar foram avaliados quando ...
Mycorrhyzal association is the symbiotic association among some soil fungus and most plant roots.... more Mycorrhyzal association is the symbiotic association among some soil fungus and most plant roots. Eucalyptus has the capacity of associating with two types of mychorrizal, arbuscular and ectomycorrhizal mycorrhizal,depending of its age. The objective of this work was to evaluate colonization rates by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AM) and ectomycorrhizal fungi (ECM) and the number of spores of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in in commercial plantations of Eucalyptus grandis and Eucalyptus urophylla, at different ages and managements practices, from December 2002 to February, 2004, in eastern region of Minas Gerais, Brazil. In all periods of sampling and at all ages of the plant, it was found both AM and ECM and the colonization general mean by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) was 26%. The average number of spores of those fungi was 374.7 per 100 g of soil and colonization by ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) was 20.2 %. Most percentages of colonization by EMF were observed in areas with yo...
Studies on the ecology of the organisms involved in the production process are necessary for the ... more Studies on the ecology of the organisms involved in the production process are necessary for the development of sustainable agriculture, and sustainability is currently closely linked to the profitability of production. The objective of this study was to verify the occurrence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in weeds infesting Brazilian crops and to evaluate the inorganic phosphate solubilization potential of the associated microbiota. A total of 36 weed species were evaluated for the occurrence of mycorrhizae; of these, 11 were selected to evaluate their potential for total and relative phosphate solubilization. All of the species demonstrated mycorrhizal colonization, including a member of the Brassicaceae family, which is usually assumed to be non-mycorrhizal. In most of the species, morphological types of arbuscular and coiled hyphae were observed, with the coiled hyphae being the most common in the grasses. Dark septate endophytic fungi were observed in most of the plants. The weeds presented different potentials for P solubilization in the rhizosphere; Amaranthus retroflexus, Bidens pilosa and Leonotis nepetaefolia showed high values of relative phosphate solubilization. This is the first report on the mycorrhizae and phosphate solubilization activity in weeds in Brazil.
Abstract The biodiversity in Amazon forest soils is continuously challenged by anthropogenic acti... more Abstract The biodiversity in Amazon forest soils is continuously challenged by anthropogenic activities or disturbances, impacting the quantity and quality of its natural resources and a wide range of ecosystem services. Understanding microbial processes and response to various soil management practices provide valuable information to maintain sustainable ecological environments. We hypothesized that microbial assemblages (several not yet identified) and activities are continuously changing in forest ecosystems, mostly due to management selections. Therefore, our work's objective was to assess bacteria communities' changes via next-generation sequencing techniques and bridge knowledge gaps in our understanding of their responses to deforestations, intensive agriculture, and repeated forest burning activities in altered and native forest locations in the Northern Amazon Rainforest, Brazil. We evaluated soils during different climatic periods (dry and rainy) collected at selected sites for pasture, conventional agriculture, and forestry. Intensive conversion to pasture and conventional plantations seriously impacted the bacterial diversities and species richness. The forest area presented the greatest bacterial diversities and species richness, followed by the pasture areas, especially in the 0–5 cm soil layer. Conventional plantations showed the lowest diversities and species richness. There was no change in species richness between the dry and rainy periods; however, the wet period showed lesser species diversities. Based on the analyses, the bacterial communities comprised of the phyla: Acidobacteria, Firmicutes, Verrucomicrobia, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Planctomycetes, and Cyanobacteria. Bacteria trends identified are being considered in future management decisions to preserve biodiversities and the region's forest ecosystems' functioning.
Post-harvest processing and microbial fermentation of coffee fruits play an essential role in the... more Post-harvest processing and microbial fermentation of coffee fruits play an essential role in the metabolites formation that influence the nutritional and sensory quality of the beverage. Thus, the objective of this study was to analyze the effect of coffee cherries processing and fermentation conditions on the microbial communities and the chemical and sensory quality of the beverage. Induced fermentation changed in the bacteria and fungi communities (Treatments: T1, T3, and T7). Klebsiella sp. inoculation (T1) allowed an increase in richness of bacteria and 81 points in the sensory score over the fermentation time. However, there was a reduction in richness of microbial community in treatments with Saccharomyces cerevisiae (T3 and T7). An increase in the indexes of microbial diversity was observed in 72 h in treatment with coffee pulp (T2). In treatment with coffee cherries and spontaneous fermentation (T4) had a higher sensory score than other treatments, indicating a sensory gain from 36 to 72 h. Coffee cherries with superficial disinfection (T5) had a reduction in microbial profile, but did not change the final score of the beverage over the 72 h. In T6 (floaters fruits) was observed an alteration in the fungal community (36–72 h) and the lowest sensory score. The impact of adding water on coffee fermentation was dependent on time (T3 and T7). Furthermore, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural has a positive correlation with the final score of the beverage. Thus, microbial profile and sensory score of beverages are dependent of conditions of processing of coffee fruits and fermentation.
Effective microorganisms (EM) are inoculants used by farmers on various crops, and the actual eff... more Effective microorganisms (EM) are inoculants used by farmers on various crops, and the actual efficiency of EM and their composition have been widely discussed. The objective of this study was to analyze the profile of the microbial community in soils after applying 3 EM inoculants from different origins with and without manure and to determine the impacts on growth and chemical composition of Urochloa brizantha (palisade grass). We showed, by PCR-DGGE technique, that the community structure of the fungi and bacteria in soil differed with EMs from different sources and that adding manure to the soil also significantly altered the bacterial and fungal profile. We also found that adding manure to soil resulted in a pronounced increase in both dry matter yield and crude protein concentration in palisade grass, while benefits of applying EM were largely restricted to a farmer-produced inoculant, where CP% was increased and NDF% was reduced when applied along with manure.
A expressao final da qualidade da bebida do cafe e o resultado de um conjunto complexo de interac... more A expressao final da qualidade da bebida do cafe e o resultado de um conjunto complexo de interacoes de fatores bioticos e abioticos, entre os quais se destaca a microbiota presente nos frutos durante os varios estadios de maturacao. Este trabalho teve como objetivo quantificar e isolar populacoes microbianas encontradas na superficie da casca polpa dos frutos durante dois estagios de desenvolvimento maduro e verdoengo. As amostras de frutos de cafe arabica foram coletadas em no Estado do Espirito Santo Santo em duas propriedades, onde a Propriedade 1 esta localizada a 1005 metros de altitude com Face de sol ao Sul e a Propriedade 2 esta localizada a 1021 metros de altitude com Face de sol ao Sul. Os graos foram lavados com solucao salina e esta foi plaqueada para determinar o numero de celulas viaveis pela tecnica de contagem de colonias em placas de Petri. A seguir foi feito o isolamento de microrganismos, a partir de colonias morfologicamente distintas, em cada uma das placas. ...
A presenca de associacoes micorrizicas nas plantas e muito comum em condicoes naturais do solo. A... more A presenca de associacoes micorrizicas nas plantas e muito comum em condicoes naturais do solo. Apenas algumas plantas, como exemplo as Brassicaceae , nao apresentam associacao. A maioria das outras plantas, principalmente as de importância economica, como especies florestais, culturas anuais e perenes formam associacoes micorrizicas. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a comunidade de fungos micorrizicos arbusculares (FMAs) presentes no solo de cafezais com cultivar de Coffea Arabica L. coletados em propriedades localizadas em diferentes altitudes e faces de exposicao ao Sol pela tecnica de sequenciamento de nova geracao. Vinte e sete amostras compostas de solo de C . arabica foram coletadas de em 9 propriedades do Estado do Espirito Santo em diferentes altitudes e faces de exposicao ao Sol. Tres locais foram amostrados em lavouras de Catuai Vermelho em cada propriedade, cada local foi composto por 3 plantas e foram coletados solo em 5 pontos por planta. Estas foram transportadas n...
Prokaryotes play crucial roles in the rehabilitation process to restore the ecological integrity ... more Prokaryotes play crucial roles in the rehabilitation process to restore the ecological integrity of disturbed areas. This work reports on the profiles of N‐fixing microorganisms and Actinobacteria, from DGGE, the prokaryotic composition from next‐generation sequencing (NGS) and physicochemical soil characteristics. We compared a deactivated mining site where mining ended about 10 years ago, when the revegetation process was begun (RV), and a reference site, with natural vegetation (NT), both located at Retiro das Almas Mine, in the Quadrilátero Ferrífero region, Minas Gerais, Brazil. In both sites, the most abundant archaeal and bacterial groups included Euryarchaeota, Thaumarchaeota, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia and revealed differences in their ecological metrics and distribution. Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria were most abundant in RV sites, while Acidobacteria and Verrucomicrobia were most abundant in NT sites. Less abundant phyla, such as Bathyarchaeota (Archaea) and GAL 15 (Bacteria) were found only in NT, while Gracilibacteria, Ignavibacteriae BJ‐169, and BRC1 were only found in RV. The majority of identified bacterial genera were shared by RV and NT. Soil P, pH, and particle density were most significant (p < 0.05) in RV, while Fe, Ca, organic matter, potential acidity and dispersed clays, were most significant (p < 0.05) in NT, showing differences in soil characteristics, which led the prokaryotic composition in these sites. DGGE profiles of N‐fixing microorganisms revealed N‐fixing predominance in both sites, although after 10 years prokaryotes diversity increased in RV site. Our results revealed that prokaryotic structure and composition are indicative of RV soil resilience.
The supplementation of nitrogen can be increased by the use of nitrogen-fixing, diazotrophic bact... more The supplementation of nitrogen can be increased by the use of nitrogen-fixing, diazotrophic bacteria such as Azospirillum brasilense. These bacteria can act to promote plant growth in various plant species, including corn (Zea mays L.). However, there is a need to understand the behavior of these bacteria in different agricultural systems. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect on the growth and yield of corn inoculated with A. brasilense, and to identify the type of farming system which benefited most from the use of A. brasilense-based inoculants. The experiment conducted over two corn crop seasons was arranged in a 6 × 2 factorial scheme, consisting of six farming systems and the presence or absence of inoculation with the bacteria A. brasilense. The farming systems were derived from a long-term experiment with different fertilization systems that has been conducted since 1984. Among these systems, there were three conventional systems (CNT1: conventional no-till...
Abstract The reduction of environmental pollutants has been important for the sustainability (env... more Abstract The reduction of environmental pollutants has been important for the sustainability (environmental, economic, and social) of the manufacturing companies. The agro-industry annually produces tons of vegetable residues that is discarded in the environment. Textile industries have a high rate of dye discharges in water resources. Fungal enzymes produced in plant residues can degrade recalcitrant organic compounds. Thus, the aim of the study was the production, purification, characterization, and use of dye discoloration of enzymes produced by Pleurotus ostreatus (PLO 02 and PLO 06) and Pleurotus eryngii (PLE 05) in Macauba coconut (Acrocomia aculeate) residue. The initial time of colonization of the substrate was of 18 (P. eryngii) and 22 days (P. ostreratus). After this period, 50 g of substrate were collected every five days to evaluate the enzymatic activity before and after the purification in sephadex G-100 column. All fungal strains had activity of laccase, lignin peroxidase (LiP), manganese peroxidase (MnP), xylanase, cellulase, and lipase in crude protein extract. The enzymes kept the activities from 4 to 60 °C for about 16 h and these activities were higher in acidic than alkaline pH. Furthermore, the enzymes of P. eryngii degraded about 100% of Carmine indigo dye after 24 h of incubation. Therefore, the Macauba coconut residue is a good substrate for the enzyme production and these enzymes have high degradation capacity of the indigo dye.
Effective microorganisms (EM) are inoculants formed by fungi and bacteria isolated from soil. EM ... more Effective microorganisms (EM) are inoculants formed by fungi and bacteria isolated from soil. EM are commonly used by farmers on agronomic crops to stimulate plant growth, but their composition and their benefi ts has been controverted. This study aimed to analyze the diversity of microorganisms growing in three EM inoculants, as well as to evaluate their effi ciency in the germination of palisade grass seeds. The total DNA of the three EM inoculants was extracted, the 16S rRNA and ITS genes were amplifi ed by PCR and sequenced on the Illumina MiSeq platform. Germination tests were conducted with three type of the EM, in three concentration and two times of the immersion. The bacterial group was the most abundant in EM, followed by fungi. Bacterial operational taxonomic units OTUs were shared by all EMs. Pre-treatments of palisade grass seeds with EMs resulted in a higher germination percentage (% G) and germination speed index (IVG) when EM was used at concentration of 1 or 2% in water. Seed immersion for 5 min was more effi cient than immersion for 24 h. We can conclude that EM of different origin can share microbial groups and diversity of microorganisms, besides being an alternative to increase palisade grass seeds germination.
Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science Journal, 2017
Supplementation of edible fungi with essential mineral during cultivation has been an interesting... more Supplementation of edible fungi with essential mineral during cultivation has been an interesting approach to proffer solution to mineral deficiency. Effect of selenium Se concentrations 0, 50.0, 100.0 mg mL-1 as sodium selenite on mycelial growth and biomass production of Pleurotus spp. was assessed. The biological efficiency and uptake of Se was determined after the cultivation of Pleurotus mushrooms on Urochloa decumbens signal grass with 50.0 g kg-1 of Se. The fungal growth rate and biomass production were reduced after addition of Se and their value ranged from 1.0 mm d-1 to 3.6 mm d-1 and 5.63 g to 30.5 g respectively. Higher biological efficiency (115.23%) was obtained for P. ostreatus P93 and was significantly different…
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Papers by Marliane Silva