This study analyzed the capacity of Candida spp. from dental biofilm of HIV infected (HIV+) child... more This study analyzed the capacity of Candida spp. from dental biofilm of HIV infected (HIV+) children to demineralize primary molar enamel in vitro by Transversal Microhardness (TMH), Polarized Light Microscopy (PLM) and the quantity of calcium ions (Ca2+) released from the enamel. Candida spp. samples were isolated from the supragingival biofilm of HIV+ children. A hundred and forty (140) enamel blocks were randomly assigned to six groups: biofilm formed by C. albicans (Group 1); mixed biofilm formed by C. albicans and C. tropicalis (Group 2); mixed biofilm formed by C. albicans and C. parapsilosis (Group 3); mixed biofilm formed by C. albicans, C. parapsilosis and C. glabrata (Group 4); biofilm formed by C. albicans ATCC (Group 5) and medium without Candida (Group 6). Enamel blocks from each group were removed on days 3, 5, 8 and 15 after biofilm formation to evaluate the TMH and images of enamel were analyzed by PLM. The quantity of Ca2+ released, from Groups 1 and 6, was determin...
This study aimed to investigate the demineralizing potential of dental biofilm added of Candida a... more This study aimed to investigate the demineralizing potential of dental biofilm added of Candida albicans (CA) and Candida parapsilosis (CP), isolated from preschoolers with and without caries. Bovine enamel blocks (n = 48), with initial hardness = 341.50 ± 21,83 kg/mm(2) were fixed in 24 well plates containing culture media. A pool of children saliva (PHS) was the inoculum for biofilm formation in the presence or absence of isolated CA or CP in accordance with each group (G n = 8): G1 - PHS; G2 - PHS + CA isolated from children with caries; G3 - PHS + CP isolated from children with caries; G4 - PHS + CA isolated from children without caries; G5 - PHS + CP isolated from children without caries; and G6 - blank control. The plates were incubated at 37 °C for 5 days, with daily changes of culture media. The microhardness loss percentage (MHL%) of the blocks was calculated, taking in account the hardness values before and after the experiment. Dental biofilm became more cariogenic, independently of the isolated Candida species. The highest MHL% was observed in G4 (85.90 ± 8.72%) and G5 (86.13 ± 6.74%) compared to the others (p < 0.001): G1 (34.30 ± 14,30%) < G2 (59.40 ± 10.56%) and G3 (65.80 ± 6.36%) < G6 (13.68 ± 4.86%) (p < 0.001). C. albicans and C. parapsilosis isolates induced the demineralization of the dental enamel.
Pediatric Dentistry Severe oligodontia and dental anomalies in a child with a history of multiple... more Pediatric Dentistry Severe oligodontia and dental anomalies in a child with a history of multiple natal teeth e250 November/December 2011 General Dentistry www.agd.org
Rgo Revista Gaucha De Odontologia Vol 57 N 1 2009, 2009
... Guardians' perception of the normative need for dental care of pediatric patients Ma... more ... Guardians' perception of the normative need for dental care of pediatric patients Maria Bárbara Carvalho Torres GUIMARÃES1 Erika Calvano KUCHLER1 Gloria Fernanda Barbosa Araujo CASTRO1 Lucianne Cople MAIA1 ... Couto JL, Couto RS, Duarte CA. ...
The Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry, Feb 1, 2002
This report describes a case of hairy leukoplakia in an HIV-infected child, and the treatment ado... more This report describes a case of hairy leukoplakia in an HIV-infected child, and the treatment adopted. It was diagnosed by clinical and laboratory examinations, using exfoliative cytology (staining by the Papanicolaou method) and additional information was obtained by optical microscope analysis. In view of the lack of painful symptoms, of the innocuous nature of the lesion and large amount of medicines used by the patient, we decided to preserve and monitor the lesion.
The aim of this study was to determine gingival health and caries levels in HIV-infected children... more The aim of this study was to determine gingival health and caries levels in HIV-infected children. The modified gingival index (GI) of 43 HIV+ children of both sexes, aged between 2 and 12 years, was measured and correlated with the DMFT/dmf. The children's immunodeficiency level was also established by means of the CD4:CD8 ratio. Pearson's product-moment correlation co-efficient and the Mann-Whitney U test were used. The GI was significantly related to the DMFT/dmf. The children with a GI = 0 presented significantly more DMFT/dmf than the children with a GI > or = 0.1, but there were no significant differences between the GIs of caries-free children and those with DMFT/dmf > or = 1. The children who presented a CD4:CD8 > or = 0.5 ratio presented less DMFT/dmf compared with children who presented a CD4:CD8 < 0.5 ratio. The children who presented a CD4:CD8 < 0.5 ratio presented a statistically significant correlation between their GI and their DMFT/dmf, unlike children who presented a CD4:CD8 > or = 0.5 ratio. Children with a CD4:CD8 < 0.5 who showed a greater DMFT/dmf index also showed greater gingival inflammation. In this study, children with greater caries experience showed more gingival inflammation. In addition, a greater immunological deficiency might indicate a greater caries experience in children.
This research aims to determine the relationship between the prevalence of caries and clinical an... more This research aims to determine the relationship between the prevalence of caries and clinical and immunological classification in HIV-infected children. Ninety-two outpatients (42 male and 50 female subjects) with definitive diagnosis of HIV infection took part in this research. The patients were examined in order to determine the prevalence of caries (dmf and DMFT indexes), and medical data were collected from their medical records. The mean age of the subjects was 5.77 years. Although no statistical differences were found, young patients (up to 5 years old) had more caries when they were more clinically and immunologically compromised. The same fact was observed regarding older children.
Objective:To identify the guardians’ perception of the need for dental treatment of pediatric pat... more Objective:To identify the guardians’ perception of the need for dental treatment of pediatric patients, as well as the normative needs for the treatment of children. Methods: The medical charts of 355 pediatric patients between the ages of zero and 12 years, attended at the Higher Education Institute, were selected, and from these, data were collected from the guardians with reference to their age and educational level. The normative need for treatment of the children were clinically assessed, as well as the perception of the guardians with regard to these needs. The data were tabulated by the Chi-square test. Results: The guardians’ mean age was 35.5 + 8 years, 84% of them being the mothers themselves, the majority of whom had incomplete primary schooling (36%). The normative need for treatment most noted in the children was (dentisteria) dental care(?) in posterior teeth (52%). The majority of the guardians (41%) were late in identifying the restorative needs, or underestimated so...
The purpose of this study was to evaluate chlorhexidine to control gingivitis and Candida species... more The purpose of this study was to evaluate chlorhexidine to control gingivitis and Candida species (spp.) in children infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and their acceptance of the therapy. Twenty-six HIV+ children were selected, and oral exam-established biofilm, gingival indexes, and stimulated saliva were collected for Candida ssp. identification. The children brushed their teeth for 21 days with chlorhexidine gel (0.2%). Salivary samples, biofilm, and gingival indexes were collected after 21-days and again 35 days after ceasing gel use. The children answered a questionnaire about the therapy. All children tested positive for Candida and gingivitis. After 21 days, Candida counts and gingivitis decreased in 25 and 26 children, respectively. Mean reduction was approximately 68% for Candida spp. and 74% for gingivitis. Thirty-five days after discontinuing gel use, gingivitis and Candida spp. increased in 13 and 16 patients, respectively. Considering the Candida spp....
Lactoferrin (LAC) is an important protein for the system innate host defense by preventing infect... more Lactoferrin (LAC) is an important protein for the system innate host defense by preventing infections like oral candidiasis common in HIV-infected children. Objectives: The objective was to compare the antifungal effect of LAC on C. albicans isolates from HIV-positive (HIV+) and HIV-negative (HIV-) children as well as their possible strategy of evasion. Methods: After growth in BHI liquid medium under agitation (48hs-370C), standardized suspensions of 104, 105, 106, 107, 108 and 109 yeasts/ml (HIV+ and HIV-) were incubated with and without (control group) 40g/ml LAC (3hs-370C). The antifungal effect was measured by plating the suspensions on BHI solid medium and subsequent counting of colony forming units. The reaction supernatants were analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). After determining the maximum cell density for the absence of cell death in both groups, the yeasts were incubated with increasing concentrations of LAC (60, 80, 100 and 150g/ml). The viabili...
Acquired enamel pellicle (AEP) is a sophisticated biological structure containing from small mole... more Acquired enamel pellicle (AEP) is a sophisticated biological structure containing from small molecular weight proteins (peptides) to macromolecules (e.g. proteins). One of the functions of AEP is to regulate demineralization/remineralization enamel processes. Despite the importance of the AEP in pathological processes such as dental caries, little is known about its composition-function relationship. Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of salivary proteins in molecular weight range for the protection against enamel demineralization. Method: Whole saliva supernatant was ultrafiltrated by centrifugal devices of 3 kD, 10 kD, 30 kD, 100 kD and 300 kD MWCO and used to coat the enamel surface for a period of 2 hours at 37C with gentle agitation to form in vitro AEP. Enamel specimens (10 samples/group) were then immersed into a demineralization solution pH 4.5 for 12 days. Control group was incubated with deionized water. The amount of calcium and phosphate release...
Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, 2015
The aims of this study were to compare the detection of human herpesviruses (HHVs) in the saliva ... more The aims of this study were to compare the detection of human herpesviruses (HHVs) in the saliva of HIV-infected and healthy control children, and to evaluate associations between viral infection and gingivitis and immunodeficiency. Saliva samples were collected from 48 HIV-infected and 48 healthy control children. Clinical and laboratory data were collected during dental visits and from medical records. A trained dentist determined gingival indices and extension of gingivitis. Saliva samples were tested for herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2), varicella zoster virus (VZV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and cytomegalovirus (CMV) by nested polymerase chain reaction assays. Thirty-five HIV-infected and 16 control children had gingivitis. Seventeen (35.4%) HIV-infected children and 13 (27%) control children were positive for HHVs. CMV was the most commonly detected HHV in both groups (HIV-infected, 25%; control, 12.5%), followed by HSV-1 (6.2% in both groups) and HSV-2 (HI...
Objective: to determine the frequency of EBV and CMV DNA detection in saliva of HIV infected and ... more Objective: to determine the frequency of EBV and CMV DNA detection in saliva of HIV infected and non-HIV individuals and their relatives, assessing the role of immunodeficiency in salivary transmission. Methods: The study group comprised 240 individuals. Group 1: 40 HIV-infected patients; group 2: 40 non-HIV individuals; group 3: 2 relatives for each patient from group 1 (n=80); group 4: 2 relatives for each individual from group 2 (n=80). Non-stimulated whole saliva was collected, DNA was extracted and amplification was performed using a nested PCR protocol. Results: EBV and CMV-DNA was detected in 7/40 (17.5%) and 5/40 (12.5%) individuals from group 1; 8/40 (20%) and 3/40 (7.5%) from group 2; 11/80 (13.8%) and 2/80 (2.5%) from group 3 and 8/80 (10%) and 1/80 (1.3%) from group 4, respectively. Five (71.4%) out of 7 HIV/EBV co-infected individuals of group 1 had a relative also infected with EBV (OR= 11.25, CI [1.75- 72.5], p= 0.011). Regarding group 2, among the 8 non-HIV and EBV i...
Objective: Lactoferrin (LAC) is an important protein for the system innate host defense by preven... more Objective: Lactoferrin (LAC) is an important protein for the system innate host defense by preventing infections like oral candidiasis common in HIV-infected children. The objective was to compare the salivary lactoferrin (LAC) levels with the Candida spp. colonization and medical records in HIV+ children. Method: Whole stimulated saliva was collected from 40 HIV-infected children (10.8 ± 2.6 years old) followed by assessment of orofacial manifestation. The salivary samples were cultured and the colonies were counted. After which they were identified by sugar assimilation and fermentation (API 20C, Biomrieux, France). The Human Lactoferrin ELISA kit (Bethyl, USA) was used to measure the salivary lactoferrin levels. All data regarding personal information of the patients, medical history and recent laboratorial exams (CD4% and viral load) and the use of antiretroviral therapy (HAART) were collected from their medical records. Data was analyzed using Chi-square and Mann–Whitney test. ...
European journal of paediatric dentistry : official journal of European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry, 2011
The objective was to assess the impact of oral health on the quality of life of HIV-infected pati... more The objective was to assess the impact of oral health on the quality of life of HIV-infected patients aged 3-6 years based on their caregivers' perceptions. A questionnaire for measuring the perception and the instrument Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS) were applied to 31 caregivers whose children were being treated in a public hospital. Results The mean age of the children was 4.52 years (SD 1.22). The total ECOHIS score ranged from 0 to 26, with a mean value of 4.13 (SD 6.66). Seventeen children (54.8%) were found to have at least one impact: toothache (64.7%), herpetic gingivostomatitis (23.5%) or both (11.8%). Statistically significant difference was found between the ECOHIS score and presence of restored teeth, prior dental treatment, AIDS, and viral load. With respect to the caregivers' perception, it resulted to be adequate, as those caregivers whose children had a greater number of decayed teeth and higher biofilm index also considered the oral healt...
European journal of paediatric dentistry : official journal of European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry, 2011
Oral manifestations are common in HIV+ children, but the impact of these diseases on their daily ... more Oral manifestations are common in HIV+ children, but the impact of these diseases on their daily life is unknown. So the aim of this study was to assess the impact of oral problems on the daily activities of HIV+ children. The Child-OIDP-B was used with 59 10-12 year-old HIV+ children, who were outpatients at two public hospitals for HIV treatment in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Caries, biofilm and gingival bleeding indexes were recorded. The Kruskall-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests as well as the Spearman's correlation coefficient were used for analysis. Statistical evaluation: Replies were analysed using the Statgraphics ® Plus Version 5.0 statistics software system, in order to obtain comparative diagrams and graphs using the ANOVA multifactorial system. The Child-OIDP-B scores ranged from 0 to 30, (mean=6.09) and 71.2% of the children were affected by oral problems. Association was found between oral impact and number of caries (p=0.009). Children receiving HAART therapy had a Chil...
This study analyzed the capacity of Candida spp. from dental biofilm of HIV infected (HIV+) child... more This study analyzed the capacity of Candida spp. from dental biofilm of HIV infected (HIV+) children to demineralize primary molar enamel in vitro by Transversal Microhardness (TMH), Polarized Light Microscopy (PLM) and the quantity of calcium ions (Ca2+) released from the enamel. Candida spp. samples were isolated from the supragingival biofilm of HIV+ children. A hundred and forty (140) enamel blocks were randomly assigned to six groups: biofilm formed by C. albicans (Group 1); mixed biofilm formed by C. albicans and C. tropicalis (Group 2); mixed biofilm formed by C. albicans and C. parapsilosis (Group 3); mixed biofilm formed by C. albicans, C. parapsilosis and C. glabrata (Group 4); biofilm formed by C. albicans ATCC (Group 5) and medium without Candida (Group 6). Enamel blocks from each group were removed on days 3, 5, 8 and 15 after biofilm formation to evaluate the TMH and images of enamel were analyzed by PLM. The quantity of Ca2+ released, from Groups 1 and 6, was determin...
This study aimed to investigate the demineralizing potential of dental biofilm added of Candida a... more This study aimed to investigate the demineralizing potential of dental biofilm added of Candida albicans (CA) and Candida parapsilosis (CP), isolated from preschoolers with and without caries. Bovine enamel blocks (n = 48), with initial hardness = 341.50 ± 21,83 kg/mm(2) were fixed in 24 well plates containing culture media. A pool of children saliva (PHS) was the inoculum for biofilm formation in the presence or absence of isolated CA or CP in accordance with each group (G n = 8): G1 - PHS; G2 - PHS + CA isolated from children with caries; G3 - PHS + CP isolated from children with caries; G4 - PHS + CA isolated from children without caries; G5 - PHS + CP isolated from children without caries; and G6 - blank control. The plates were incubated at 37 °C for 5 days, with daily changes of culture media. The microhardness loss percentage (MHL%) of the blocks was calculated, taking in account the hardness values before and after the experiment. Dental biofilm became more cariogenic, independently of the isolated Candida species. The highest MHL% was observed in G4 (85.90 ± 8.72%) and G5 (86.13 ± 6.74%) compared to the others (p < 0.001): G1 (34.30 ± 14,30%) < G2 (59.40 ± 10.56%) and G3 (65.80 ± 6.36%) < G6 (13.68 ± 4.86%) (p < 0.001). C. albicans and C. parapsilosis isolates induced the demineralization of the dental enamel.
Pediatric Dentistry Severe oligodontia and dental anomalies in a child with a history of multiple... more Pediatric Dentistry Severe oligodontia and dental anomalies in a child with a history of multiple natal teeth e250 November/December 2011 General Dentistry www.agd.org
Rgo Revista Gaucha De Odontologia Vol 57 N 1 2009, 2009
... Guardians' perception of the normative need for dental care of pediatric patients Ma... more ... Guardians' perception of the normative need for dental care of pediatric patients Maria Bárbara Carvalho Torres GUIMARÃES1 Erika Calvano KUCHLER1 Gloria Fernanda Barbosa Araujo CASTRO1 Lucianne Cople MAIA1 ... Couto JL, Couto RS, Duarte CA. ...
The Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry, Feb 1, 2002
This report describes a case of hairy leukoplakia in an HIV-infected child, and the treatment ado... more This report describes a case of hairy leukoplakia in an HIV-infected child, and the treatment adopted. It was diagnosed by clinical and laboratory examinations, using exfoliative cytology (staining by the Papanicolaou method) and additional information was obtained by optical microscope analysis. In view of the lack of painful symptoms, of the innocuous nature of the lesion and large amount of medicines used by the patient, we decided to preserve and monitor the lesion.
The aim of this study was to determine gingival health and caries levels in HIV-infected children... more The aim of this study was to determine gingival health and caries levels in HIV-infected children. The modified gingival index (GI) of 43 HIV+ children of both sexes, aged between 2 and 12 years, was measured and correlated with the DMFT/dmf. The children's immunodeficiency level was also established by means of the CD4:CD8 ratio. Pearson's product-moment correlation co-efficient and the Mann-Whitney U test were used. The GI was significantly related to the DMFT/dmf. The children with a GI = 0 presented significantly more DMFT/dmf than the children with a GI > or = 0.1, but there were no significant differences between the GIs of caries-free children and those with DMFT/dmf > or = 1. The children who presented a CD4:CD8 > or = 0.5 ratio presented less DMFT/dmf compared with children who presented a CD4:CD8 < 0.5 ratio. The children who presented a CD4:CD8 < 0.5 ratio presented a statistically significant correlation between their GI and their DMFT/dmf, unlike children who presented a CD4:CD8 > or = 0.5 ratio. Children with a CD4:CD8 < 0.5 who showed a greater DMFT/dmf index also showed greater gingival inflammation. In this study, children with greater caries experience showed more gingival inflammation. In addition, a greater immunological deficiency might indicate a greater caries experience in children.
This research aims to determine the relationship between the prevalence of caries and clinical an... more This research aims to determine the relationship between the prevalence of caries and clinical and immunological classification in HIV-infected children. Ninety-two outpatients (42 male and 50 female subjects) with definitive diagnosis of HIV infection took part in this research. The patients were examined in order to determine the prevalence of caries (dmf and DMFT indexes), and medical data were collected from their medical records. The mean age of the subjects was 5.77 years. Although no statistical differences were found, young patients (up to 5 years old) had more caries when they were more clinically and immunologically compromised. The same fact was observed regarding older children.
Objective:To identify the guardians’ perception of the need for dental treatment of pediatric pat... more Objective:To identify the guardians’ perception of the need for dental treatment of pediatric patients, as well as the normative needs for the treatment of children. Methods: The medical charts of 355 pediatric patients between the ages of zero and 12 years, attended at the Higher Education Institute, were selected, and from these, data were collected from the guardians with reference to their age and educational level. The normative need for treatment of the children were clinically assessed, as well as the perception of the guardians with regard to these needs. The data were tabulated by the Chi-square test. Results: The guardians’ mean age was 35.5 + 8 years, 84% of them being the mothers themselves, the majority of whom had incomplete primary schooling (36%). The normative need for treatment most noted in the children was (dentisteria) dental care(?) in posterior teeth (52%). The majority of the guardians (41%) were late in identifying the restorative needs, or underestimated so...
The purpose of this study was to evaluate chlorhexidine to control gingivitis and Candida species... more The purpose of this study was to evaluate chlorhexidine to control gingivitis and Candida species (spp.) in children infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and their acceptance of the therapy. Twenty-six HIV+ children were selected, and oral exam-established biofilm, gingival indexes, and stimulated saliva were collected for Candida ssp. identification. The children brushed their teeth for 21 days with chlorhexidine gel (0.2%). Salivary samples, biofilm, and gingival indexes were collected after 21-days and again 35 days after ceasing gel use. The children answered a questionnaire about the therapy. All children tested positive for Candida and gingivitis. After 21 days, Candida counts and gingivitis decreased in 25 and 26 children, respectively. Mean reduction was approximately 68% for Candida spp. and 74% for gingivitis. Thirty-five days after discontinuing gel use, gingivitis and Candida spp. increased in 13 and 16 patients, respectively. Considering the Candida spp....
Lactoferrin (LAC) is an important protein for the system innate host defense by preventing infect... more Lactoferrin (LAC) is an important protein for the system innate host defense by preventing infections like oral candidiasis common in HIV-infected children. Objectives: The objective was to compare the antifungal effect of LAC on C. albicans isolates from HIV-positive (HIV+) and HIV-negative (HIV-) children as well as their possible strategy of evasion. Methods: After growth in BHI liquid medium under agitation (48hs-370C), standardized suspensions of 104, 105, 106, 107, 108 and 109 yeasts/ml (HIV+ and HIV-) were incubated with and without (control group) 40g/ml LAC (3hs-370C). The antifungal effect was measured by plating the suspensions on BHI solid medium and subsequent counting of colony forming units. The reaction supernatants were analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). After determining the maximum cell density for the absence of cell death in both groups, the yeasts were incubated with increasing concentrations of LAC (60, 80, 100 and 150g/ml). The viabili...
Acquired enamel pellicle (AEP) is a sophisticated biological structure containing from small mole... more Acquired enamel pellicle (AEP) is a sophisticated biological structure containing from small molecular weight proteins (peptides) to macromolecules (e.g. proteins). One of the functions of AEP is to regulate demineralization/remineralization enamel processes. Despite the importance of the AEP in pathological processes such as dental caries, little is known about its composition-function relationship. Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of salivary proteins in molecular weight range for the protection against enamel demineralization. Method: Whole saliva supernatant was ultrafiltrated by centrifugal devices of 3 kD, 10 kD, 30 kD, 100 kD and 300 kD MWCO and used to coat the enamel surface for a period of 2 hours at 37C with gentle agitation to form in vitro AEP. Enamel specimens (10 samples/group) were then immersed into a demineralization solution pH 4.5 for 12 days. Control group was incubated with deionized water. The amount of calcium and phosphate release...
Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, 2015
The aims of this study were to compare the detection of human herpesviruses (HHVs) in the saliva ... more The aims of this study were to compare the detection of human herpesviruses (HHVs) in the saliva of HIV-infected and healthy control children, and to evaluate associations between viral infection and gingivitis and immunodeficiency. Saliva samples were collected from 48 HIV-infected and 48 healthy control children. Clinical and laboratory data were collected during dental visits and from medical records. A trained dentist determined gingival indices and extension of gingivitis. Saliva samples were tested for herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2), varicella zoster virus (VZV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and cytomegalovirus (CMV) by nested polymerase chain reaction assays. Thirty-five HIV-infected and 16 control children had gingivitis. Seventeen (35.4%) HIV-infected children and 13 (27%) control children were positive for HHVs. CMV was the most commonly detected HHV in both groups (HIV-infected, 25%; control, 12.5%), followed by HSV-1 (6.2% in both groups) and HSV-2 (HI...
Objective: to determine the frequency of EBV and CMV DNA detection in saliva of HIV infected and ... more Objective: to determine the frequency of EBV and CMV DNA detection in saliva of HIV infected and non-HIV individuals and their relatives, assessing the role of immunodeficiency in salivary transmission. Methods: The study group comprised 240 individuals. Group 1: 40 HIV-infected patients; group 2: 40 non-HIV individuals; group 3: 2 relatives for each patient from group 1 (n=80); group 4: 2 relatives for each individual from group 2 (n=80). Non-stimulated whole saliva was collected, DNA was extracted and amplification was performed using a nested PCR protocol. Results: EBV and CMV-DNA was detected in 7/40 (17.5%) and 5/40 (12.5%) individuals from group 1; 8/40 (20%) and 3/40 (7.5%) from group 2; 11/80 (13.8%) and 2/80 (2.5%) from group 3 and 8/80 (10%) and 1/80 (1.3%) from group 4, respectively. Five (71.4%) out of 7 HIV/EBV co-infected individuals of group 1 had a relative also infected with EBV (OR= 11.25, CI [1.75- 72.5], p= 0.011). Regarding group 2, among the 8 non-HIV and EBV i...
Objective: Lactoferrin (LAC) is an important protein for the system innate host defense by preven... more Objective: Lactoferrin (LAC) is an important protein for the system innate host defense by preventing infections like oral candidiasis common in HIV-infected children. The objective was to compare the salivary lactoferrin (LAC) levels with the Candida spp. colonization and medical records in HIV+ children. Method: Whole stimulated saliva was collected from 40 HIV-infected children (10.8 ± 2.6 years old) followed by assessment of orofacial manifestation. The salivary samples were cultured and the colonies were counted. After which they were identified by sugar assimilation and fermentation (API 20C, Biomrieux, France). The Human Lactoferrin ELISA kit (Bethyl, USA) was used to measure the salivary lactoferrin levels. All data regarding personal information of the patients, medical history and recent laboratorial exams (CD4% and viral load) and the use of antiretroviral therapy (HAART) were collected from their medical records. Data was analyzed using Chi-square and Mann–Whitney test. ...
European journal of paediatric dentistry : official journal of European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry, 2011
The objective was to assess the impact of oral health on the quality of life of HIV-infected pati... more The objective was to assess the impact of oral health on the quality of life of HIV-infected patients aged 3-6 years based on their caregivers' perceptions. A questionnaire for measuring the perception and the instrument Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS) were applied to 31 caregivers whose children were being treated in a public hospital. Results The mean age of the children was 4.52 years (SD 1.22). The total ECOHIS score ranged from 0 to 26, with a mean value of 4.13 (SD 6.66). Seventeen children (54.8%) were found to have at least one impact: toothache (64.7%), herpetic gingivostomatitis (23.5%) or both (11.8%). Statistically significant difference was found between the ECOHIS score and presence of restored teeth, prior dental treatment, AIDS, and viral load. With respect to the caregivers' perception, it resulted to be adequate, as those caregivers whose children had a greater number of decayed teeth and higher biofilm index also considered the oral healt...
European journal of paediatric dentistry : official journal of European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry, 2011
Oral manifestations are common in HIV+ children, but the impact of these diseases on their daily ... more Oral manifestations are common in HIV+ children, but the impact of these diseases on their daily life is unknown. So the aim of this study was to assess the impact of oral problems on the daily activities of HIV+ children. The Child-OIDP-B was used with 59 10-12 year-old HIV+ children, who were outpatients at two public hospitals for HIV treatment in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Caries, biofilm and gingival bleeding indexes were recorded. The Kruskall-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests as well as the Spearman's correlation coefficient were used for analysis. Statistical evaluation: Replies were analysed using the Statgraphics ® Plus Version 5.0 statistics software system, in order to obtain comparative diagrams and graphs using the ANOVA multifactorial system. The Child-OIDP-B scores ranged from 0 to 30, (mean=6.09) and 71.2% of the children were affected by oral problems. Association was found between oral impact and number of caries (p=0.009). Children receiving HAART therapy had a Chil...
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Papers by Gloria Castro