Papers by Armando Calouro
FAZENDA EXPERIMENTAL CATUABA: O seringal que virou laboratório-vivo em uma paisagem fragmentada no Acre, 2020
RESUMO A Fazenda Experimental Catuaba (FEC), o antigo seringal, é um sítio consolidado para ações... more RESUMO A Fazenda Experimental Catuaba (FEC), o antigo seringal, é um sítio consolidado para ações de ensino, pesquisa e extensão da Universidade Federal do Acre (UFAC). Ela provê suporte para atividades de grupos de pesquisa, para estudantes do ensino médio e de cursos de graduação e de pós-graduação, e para treinamentos, oficinas e cursos de capacitação, todas alinhadas com um dos principais objetivos da Convenção da Diversidade Biológica, a conservação da biodiversidade e dos serviços ecossistêmicos. Este capítulo sintetiza os resultados principais dos 30 anos de pesquisas realizadas na FEC e alerta para a diminuição do número de fragmentos e para o aumento da extensão das bordas no seu entorno e para a perda de biomassa, de biodiversidade e de serviços ecossistêmicos, em função dos efeitos do fogo e do desmatamento. Ele destaca a importância da UFAC efetuar o Cadastro Ambiental Rural e o Plano de Recuperação Ambiental (PRA) da FEC, e aponta para a perspectiva de abertura de um caminho para a integração com os PRAs do entorno e a viabilização da tão necessária conectividade com fragmentos vizinhos. A conectividade dos remanescentes da paisagem fragmentada é possível, envolve a integração de propriedades e a restauração de área de preservação permanente dos igarapés da FEC, e pode integrar, de fato, pelo menos dois fragmentos de cerca de 900 hectares, dobrando a sua efetividade. Palavras-chave: Biodiversidade, Funções Ecossistêmicas e Restauração florestal.
A atividade de caca tida como de subsistencia e de grande importância para as familias residentes... more A atividade de caca tida como de subsistencia e de grande importância para as familias residentes no interior da Floresta Amazonica, pois e uma das principais fontes de obtencao de proteina e gordura, alem de espelhar aspectos socioculturais e economicos das familias, vinculados a essa atividade. Como toda exploracao de recurso natural, se feita de forma desordenada, a pratica da caca pode levar ao esgotamento do recurso natural, acarretar reducao populacional e ate extincao local de algumas especies, bem como comprometer processos ecologicos importantes, sem falar das perdas das relacoes socioculturais da regiao. Este estudo apresenta aspectos metodologicos da ferramenta denominada Calendario de Caca, que visa obter informacoes, a partir de dados terciarios, relacionadas a pressao de caca sobre as especies cinegeticas praticadas por povos e comunidades tradicionais com fins de subsistencia, ou seja, aquela para o abastecimento proteico familiar. Essa metodologia foi aplicada de for...
Iheringia Serie Zoologia, 2018
. The habitat fragmentation modifies the pattern of animal activity. This study aimed to determin... more . The habitat fragmentation modifies the pattern of animal activity. This study aimed to determine the activity pattern of bat species in an urban forest fragment in southwestern Amazon. The study was conducted from August 2013 to September 2014 with 10 mist nets (9m x 2.5m), opened at ground level throughout all the night period and totaling 64,800 m².hour/net. Two hundred and sixty-one captures of bats from 28 species were recorded. The period with the highest capture rate and species of bats was the first period of the night (until 00:00). The species with the highest incidence of catches were, in ascending order, Carollia brevicauda (Schinz, 1821) , Carollia perpicillata (Linnaeus, 1758) , Artibeus planirostris (Spix, 1823), and Artibeus lituratus (Olfers, 1818). The species of Carollia had activity peaks between the first four hours after sunset; they also showed a reduction of its activities during the subsequent hours. Here bats of the genus Artibeus presented a pattern of bimodal activity. The bats of the genus Artibeus do not seem to respond to the effects of fragmentation, since the pattern of bimodal activity was described for both studies in fragments and continuous forest. Thus, we suggest that Artibeus has a high adaptive plasticity, and it is able to exploit the resources offered by the environment. Meanwhile, Carollia has two peaks of activity in continuous forest areas, probably this pattern of activity may be related to the spatial distribution of the resources used by these animals.
In 2011, a distinct but unnamed form of titi, Plecturocebus, was re-discovered in the Chapada dos... more In 2011, a distinct but unnamed form of titi, Plecturocebus, was re-discovered in the Chapada dos Parecis, a plateau in the southern extreme of the Brazilian state of Rondônia. Here we describe it as a new species based on an analysis of morphological and molecular traits. It can be distinguished from all other species of the genus Plecturocebus by its generally grayish agouti pelage. The limbs are grayish agouti on the outer surface, and grayish white on the inner surface; the breast, throat, and sideburns are also grayish white; the dorsum is reddish chestnut, and the tail is gray, paler to white at the tip. A phylogenetic analysis of the new species revealed a monophyletic clade with the four geographically closest species, and four scenarios of species delimitation indicated that speciation was recent. The geographic distribution of the new species is still poorly defined. Most of the recorded localities coincide with areas of higher elevation in the transition zone between the ...
Iheringia. Série Zoologia, Jun 11, 2018
The habitat fragmentation modifies the pattern of animal activity. This study aimed to determine ... more The habitat fragmentation modifies the pattern of animal activity. This study aimed to determine the activity pattern of frugivorous bat species in an urban forest fragment in southwestern Amazonia. The study was conducted from August 2013 to September 2014 with 10 mist nets (9m x 2.5m), opened at ground level throughout all the night and totaling 64,800 m².hour/net. Two hundred and sixty-one captures of bats from 28 species were recorded. The period with the highest capture rate and species of bats was the first period of the night (until 00:00). The species with the highest incidence of catches were, in ascending order, Carollia brevicauda (Schinz, 1821), Carollia perpicillata (Linnaeus, 1758), Artibeus planirostris (Spix, 1823), and Artibeus lituratus (Olfers, 1818). The species of Carollia had activity peaks between the first four hours after sunset; they also showed a reduction of its activities during the subsequent hours. The bats of the genus Artibeus presented a pattern of bimodal activity and they do not seem to respond to the effects of fragmentation, since the pattern of bimodal activity was described for studies in fragments and continuous forest. Thus, we suggest that Artibeus has a high adaptive plasticity, and it is able to exploit the resources offered by the environment. Meanwhile, Carollia has two peaks of activity in continuous forest areas, probably this pattern of activity may be related to the spatial distribution of the resources used by these animals.
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There are only a few published bat surveys from the southwestern Brazilian Amazon, but recent stu... more There are only a few published bat surveys from the southwestern Brazilian Amazon, but recent studies have reported additional bats species in the region. We provide the first list of bat species from Floresta Estadual do Antimary (Antimary State Forest) and record for the first time Glyphonycteris sylvestris Thomas, 1896 and Phylloderma stenops Peters, 1865 in the state of Acre, increasing to 64 the number of species known from this state. Our survey enlarges the known geographic range of G. sylvestris in Brazilian territory and improves the inventory of bat species in a poorly sampled region of the Amazon.
FAZENDA EXPERIMENTAL CATUABA: O seringal que virou laboratório-vivo em uma paisagem fragmentada no Acre
Ecology
Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate... more Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data.
Royal Society Open Science
The persistent high deforestation rate and fragmentation of the Amazon forests are the main threa... more The persistent high deforestation rate and fragmentation of the Amazon forests are the main threats to their biodiversity. To anticipate and mitigate these threats, it is important to understand and predict how species respond to the rapidly changing landscape. The short-eared dog Atelocynus microtis is the only Amazon-endemic canid and one of the most understudied wild dogs worldwide. We investigated short-eared dog habitat associations on two spatial scales. First, we used the largest record database ever compiled for short-eared dogs in combination with species distribution models to map species habitat suitability, estimate its distribution range and predict shifts in species distribution in response to predicted deforestation across the entire Amazon (regional scale). Second, we used systematic camera trap surveys and occupancy models to investigate how forest cover and forest fragmentation affect the space use of this species in the Southern Brazilian Amazon (local scale). Spe...
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The medium-sized and large mammals of the Cazumbá-Iracema Extractivist Reserve, Acre, Brazil are ... more The medium-sized and large mammals of the Cazumbá-Iracema Extractivist Reserve, Acre, Brazil are inventoried. Data were collected using five methods: line transects, opportunistic sightings, camera trapping, hunting calendar, and hunting interviews. In total, 52 species belonging to 27 families were recorded; 11 species are threatened. We discuss the factors, such as hunting, that affect the occurrence of these species. In addition, we document the food taboos for Priodontes maximus (Kerr, 1792) and Dinomys branickii Peters, 1873, two threatened species. The confirmed occurrence of threatened species in the Cazumbá-Iracema Extractivist Reserve makes long-term studies necessary to obtain essential information for the understanding the viability of these populations.
International Journal of Primatology
Oecologia Australis
One of the greatest challenges for the conservation of hunting species is not to prevent exploita... more One of the greatest challenges for the conservation of hunting species is not to prevent exploitation in a definitive way, but to avoid that overhunting leads to depletion of the species. As a wildlife management tool for hunting, we can highlight the Hunting Agreement, which consists of prohibiting or restricting the hunting of certain species most vulnerable. Thus, the goal of this study was to determine if the adoption of the Hunting Agreement caused a change in the habits of hunters at the Cazumbá-Iracema Extractive Reserve, located in the State of Acre, North Brazil. The Hunting Agreement imposes a ban on the slaughter of species and the use of certain hunting strategies. This study used the methodology of interview to verify the hunting preference and hunting calendar for quantification. We recorded the slaughter of 15 banned individuals namely Ara spp., Amazona spp, Psittacara leucophthalmus and Tapirus terrestris. The comparison of the absolute abundance of species with a prohibition of hunting or not presented a significant difference, showing that there is a greater slaughter of species without prohibition on hunting. The comparison of prohibited and non-prohibited hunting strategies had a significant difference, demonstrating the greater predominance of the use of permitted strategies. There is a greater slaughter of species without prohibition on hunting. Prohibited hunting strategies represent a punctual behavior within the community. The implementation of the Hunting Agreement pervades not only the population awareness of the population lag of the target species, but mainly cultural, behavioral, economic and legislative changes.
Primates; journal of primatology, Jan 17, 2018
The predation of army ants (Eciton rapax) was recorded during an observational study of the feedi... more The predation of army ants (Eciton rapax) was recorded during an observational study of the feeding behavior of a group of titi monkeys (Plecturocebus toppini) in an urban fragment of forest in Acre, Brazil. During one observed event, the group's adult female used its tail to retrieve ants, a type of behavior not observed previously in this genus. All incidents of on-forest floor foraging occurred during the dry season, when fruit was least abundant in the forest, while on other occasions, the ants were captured from tree branches and leaves. The observation of predation and ground-level foraging recorded in this study reinforce the adaptive capacity of P. toppini for survival in fragmented forests, and this was also the first record of the predation of army ants by this titi species.
Parasitology, Jan 16, 2017
Bats are ancient hosts of Trypanosoma species and their flying ability, longevity and adaptabilit... more Bats are ancient hosts of Trypanosoma species and their flying ability, longevity and adaptability to distinct environments indicate that they are efficient dispersers of parasites. Bats from Acre state (Amazon Biome) were collected in four expeditions conducted in an urban forest (Parque Zoobotânico) and one relatively more preserved area (Seringal Cahoeira) in Rio Branco and Xapuri municipalities. Trypanosoma sp. infection was detected by hemoculture and fresh blood examination. Isolated parasite species were identified by the similarity of the obtained DNA sequence from 18S rDNA polymerase chain reaction and reference strains. Overall, 367 bats from 23 genera and 32 species were examined. Chiropterofauna composition was specific to each municipality, although Artibeus sp. and Carollia sp. prevailed throughout. Trypanosoma sp. infection was detected in 85 bats (23·2%). The most widely distributed and prevalent genotypes were (in order) Trypanosoma cruzi TcI, T. cruzi marinkellei, ...
Oecologia Australis
We recorded two individuals of Lasiurus blossevillii for the State of Acre, in the municipality o... more We recorded two individuals of Lasiurus blossevillii for the State of Acre, in the municipality of Xapuri, boundary with Bolivia. Two adult specimens, a female and a male, were caught in the Agro-extractive Settlement Project Chico Mendes (PAECM) in August 2014 and December 2015, by using mist-nets installed at ground level. The morphometric characteristics are consistent with the literature, ensuring the precise taxonomic identification of the specimens. This study increases to five the number of records of this species to the legal Amazon.
Oryx, 2016
The bush dog Speothos venaticus is a medium-sized Neotropical canid. It is considered to be rare ... more The bush dog Speothos venaticus is a medium-sized Neotropical canid. It is considered to be rare and its biology and population parameters are still poorly understood. The Amazon is one of the main strongholds of this species and is important for maintaining viable populations, as the region still holds extensive tracts of pristine habitat. We gathered field data from camera-trap studies throughout the Brazilian Amazon to estimate the relative abundance of the species and gain an understanding of its rarity, and how this compares with estimates from other vegetative formations and for sympatric hypercarnivores. We focused on three pristine or partially disturbed sites and one fragmented site. The estimated relative abundance of the species was 0.060–0.185 individuals per 100 trap-days, confirming that the species is rare. The bush dog's abundance in the Amazon is equivalent to that in all other areas outside the Basin. The mean group size recorded was c. 2.5 individuals. There w...
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Papers by Armando Calouro