We describe an optimization strategy for minimizing total power consumption using dual threshold ... more We describe an optimization strategy for minimizing total power consumption using dual threshold voltage (Vth) technology. Significant power savings are possible by simultaneous assignment of Vth with gate sizing. We propose an efficient algorithm based on linear programming that jointly performs Vth assignment and gate sizing to minimize total power under delay constraints. First, linear programming assigns the optimal amounts of slack to gates based on power-delay sensitivity. Then, an optimal gate configuration, in terms of Vth and transistor sizes, is selected by an exhaustive local search. Benchmark results for the algorithm show 32% reduction in power consumption on average, compared to sizing only power minimization. There is up to a 57% reduction for some circuits. The flow can be extended to dual supply voltage libraries to yield further power savings.
MultiView is a new video conferencing system that supports collaboration between remote groups of... more MultiView is a new video conferencing system that supports collaboration between remote groups of people. MultiView accomplishes this by being spatially faithful. As a result, MultiView preserves a myriad of nonverbal cues, including gaze and gesture, in a way that should improve communication. Previous systems fail to support many of these cues because a single camera perspective warps spatial characteristics in group-to-group meetings. In this paper, we present a formal definition of spatial faithfulness. We then apply a metaphor-based design methodology to help us specify and evaluate MultiView's support of spatial faithfulness. We then present results from a low-level user study to measure MultiView's effectiveness at conveying gaze and gesture perception. MultiView is the first practical solution to spatially faithful group-to-group conferencing, one of the most common applications of video conferencing.
Immunotherapy targeting for the induction of a T-cell-mediated antitumor response in patients wit... more Immunotherapy targeting for the induction of a T-cell-mediated antitumor response in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) appears to hold significant promise. Here we describe a novel RCC vaccine strategy that allows for the concomitant delivery of dual immune activators: G250, a widely expressed RCC associated antigen; and granulocyte/macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), an immunomodulatory factor for antigen-presenting cells. The G250-GM-CSF fusion gene was constructed and expressed in Sf9 cells using a baculovirus expression vector system. The M r 66,000 fusion protein (FP) was subsequently purified through a 6xHis-Ni 2؉ -NTA affinity column and SP Sepharose/fast protein liquid chromatography.
The herpes simplex virus (HSV) thymidine kinase gene (tk) forms the basis of a widely used strate... more The herpes simplex virus (HSV) thymidine kinase gene (tk) forms the basis of a widely used strategy for suicide gene therapy. A library of HSV thymidine kinase enzyme (TK) active site mutants having different affinities for guanosine analog prodrugs was developed. We sought to determine the optimal combination of tk variant and prodrug specifically for prostate cancer gene therapy, using in vitro and in vivo studies of adenovirally infected CL1, DU-145, and LNCaP tumor lines carrying wild-type tk, tk30, tk75, and sr39tk mutants expressed by a strong, constitutive cytomegalovirus promoter and treated with ganciclovir and acyclovir. In vitro experiments involving prostate cancer (CaP) cell line infection were carried out with a broad range of prodrug concentrations, and cell killing was determined by limiting dilution (colony-forming), MTT, and propidium iodide assays. In vivo studies based on CL1-GFP xenograft experiments were carried out to examine the ability of each TK variant to prevent tumor formation and to inhibit tumor growth and development of metastases in established orthotopic and subcutaneous tumors in SCID mice. Both in vitro and in vivo studies suggest improved killing with the sr39tk variant. Thus, the results suggest that the use of sr39tk in future trials of prostate cancer tk suicide gene therapy may be beneficial.
We describe an optimization strategy for minimizing total power consumption using dual threshold ... more We describe an optimization strategy for minimizing total power consumption using dual threshold voltage (Vth) technology. Significant power savings are possible by simultaneous assignment of Vth with gate sizing. We propose an efficient algorithm based on linear programming that jointly performs Vth assignment and gate sizing to minimize total power under delay constraints. First, linear programming assigns the optimal amounts of slack to gates based on power-delay sensitivity. Then, an optimal gate configuration, in terms of Vth and transistor sizes, is selected by an exhaustive local search. Benchmark results for the algorithm show 32% reduction in power consumption on average, compared to sizing only power minimization. There is up to a 57% reduction for some circuits. The flow can be extended to dual supply voltage libraries to yield further power savings.
MultiView is a new video conferencing system that supports collaboration between remote groups of... more MultiView is a new video conferencing system that supports collaboration between remote groups of people. MultiView accomplishes this by being spatially faithful. As a result, MultiView preserves a myriad of nonverbal cues, including gaze and gesture, in a way that should improve communication. Previous systems fail to support many of these cues because a single camera perspective warps spatial characteristics in group-to-group meetings. In this paper, we present a formal definition of spatial faithfulness. We then apply a metaphor-based design methodology to help us specify and evaluate MultiView's support of spatial faithfulness. We then present results from a low-level user study to measure MultiView's effectiveness at conveying gaze and gesture perception. MultiView is the first practical solution to spatially faithful group-to-group conferencing, one of the most common applications of video conferencing.
Immunotherapy targeting for the induction of a T-cell-mediated antitumor response in patients wit... more Immunotherapy targeting for the induction of a T-cell-mediated antitumor response in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) appears to hold significant promise. Here we describe a novel RCC vaccine strategy that allows for the concomitant delivery of dual immune activators: G250, a widely expressed RCC associated antigen; and granulocyte/macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), an immunomodulatory factor for antigen-presenting cells. The G250-GM-CSF fusion gene was constructed and expressed in Sf9 cells using a baculovirus expression vector system. The M r 66,000 fusion protein (FP) was subsequently purified through a 6xHis-Ni 2؉ -NTA affinity column and SP Sepharose/fast protein liquid chromatography.
The herpes simplex virus (HSV) thymidine kinase gene (tk) forms the basis of a widely used strate... more The herpes simplex virus (HSV) thymidine kinase gene (tk) forms the basis of a widely used strategy for suicide gene therapy. A library of HSV thymidine kinase enzyme (TK) active site mutants having different affinities for guanosine analog prodrugs was developed. We sought to determine the optimal combination of tk variant and prodrug specifically for prostate cancer gene therapy, using in vitro and in vivo studies of adenovirally infected CL1, DU-145, and LNCaP tumor lines carrying wild-type tk, tk30, tk75, and sr39tk mutants expressed by a strong, constitutive cytomegalovirus promoter and treated with ganciclovir and acyclovir. In vitro experiments involving prostate cancer (CaP) cell line infection were carried out with a broad range of prodrug concentrations, and cell killing was determined by limiting dilution (colony-forming), MTT, and propidium iodide assays. In vivo studies based on CL1-GFP xenograft experiments were carried out to examine the ability of each TK variant to prevent tumor formation and to inhibit tumor growth and development of metastases in established orthotopic and subcutaneous tumors in SCID mice. Both in vitro and in vivo studies suggest improved killing with the sr39tk variant. Thus, the results suggest that the use of sr39tk in future trials of prostate cancer tk suicide gene therapy may be beneficial.
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