This study assessed the impacts of climate change on streamflow in the data-scarce Upper Ruvu Riv... more This study assessed the impacts of climate change on streamflow in the data-scarce Upper Ruvu River watershed (URRW). The Long Ashton Research Station Weather Generator (LARS-WG) was employed for generating the future ensemble-mean climate scenario based on six global circulation models (GCMs), under two representative concentration pathways (RCPs: RCP4.5 and RCP8.5). The future projections were made in two periods (2041-2060 and 2081-2100), and the baseline period (1951-1978) was used as a reference. The watershed hydrology was represented by the Hydrologic Engineering Center's Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS) model, which was calibrated and validated by using 5 and 4 years of streamflow data, respectively. Results indicate that the rainfall and minimum and maximum temperatures will increase in both periods, under both scenarios. This will potentially affect the streamflow that is projected to increase from March to
This study assesses seasonal particle size distribution (PSD) dynamics inside a waste stabilizati... more This study assesses seasonal particle size distribution (PSD) dynamics inside a waste stabilization ponds (WSP) (Buguruni, Tanzania) to understand settling dynamics of wastewater particles with an interest in helminth eggs. Results indicate that particles coming into the pond are mainly supracolloidal and settleables with 52.9% and 45.6%, respectively, in dry season and 48.9% and 49.9%, respectively, in wet season. Inflow PSD is a unimodal distribution that splits into settling and suspended PSDs, with an indication of particle breakage, as shown by the increased volume of smaller particles and hence the appearance of a bimodal distribution for the suspended particles. Up to 61.5% and 45.2% of particles that fall within the size range of helminths eggs are suspended during dry and wet seasons, respectively, with the potential to be carried in the effluent and to cause contamination.
This study assesses the seasonal particle size distribution (PSD) dynamics inside a WSP (Buguruni... more This study assesses the seasonal particle size distribution (PSD) dynamics inside a WSP (Buguruni, Tanzania) to understand the settling dynamics of wastewater particles with a specific focus on helminth eggs. Results indicate that particles coming into the pond are mainly supracolloidal and settleables, at 52.9% and 45.6%, respectively, in the dry season and 48.9% and 49.9%, respectively, in the wet season. Inflow PSD is a unimodal distribution that splits into settling and suspended PSDs, with an indication of particle breakage as shown by the increased volume of smaller particles, and hence the appearance of a bimodal distribution for the suspended particles. Up to 61.5% and 45.2% of particles that fall within the size range of helminths eggs are suspended during the dry and wet seasons, respectively, and have the potential to be carried in the effluent, causing contamination.
Helminthic infections pose significant worldwide public health challenges, and standard therapy i... more Helminthic infections pose significant worldwide public health challenges, and standard therapy includes mass drug administration (for de-worming) and three monthly vaccinations. However, research suggests that improved sanitation, especially efficient wastewater treatment, is a potential methodology for eradicating helminth infections. In low and middle income countries, waste stabilization ponds (WSP) are considered a cost-effective and highest ranked wastewater treatment system, capable of removing helminth eggs through sedimentation. However, eggs are still recovered in some ponds effluents, resulting into environmental contamination. Understanding sedimentation processes, and causative factors in WSP may improve system design for helminth eggs removal, hence reduce infections. Therefore, this research explores the sedimentation processes in the Buguruni WSPTanzania, concentrating in particle modifications inside the pond, settlement patterns at the bottom and properties of sedi...
This study assessed the impacts of climate change on streamflow in the data-scarce Upper Ruvu Riv... more This study assessed the impacts of climate change on streamflow in the data-scarce Upper Ruvu River watershed (URRW). The Long Ashton Research Station Weather Generator (LARS-WG) was employed for generating the future ensemble-mean climate scenario based on six global circulation models (GCMs), under two representative concentration pathways (RCPs: RCP4.5 and RCP8.5). The future projections were made in two periods (2041-2060 and 2081-2100), and the baseline period (1951-1978) was used as a reference. The watershed hydrology was represented by the Hydrologic Engineering Center's Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS) model, which was calibrated and validated by using 5 and 4 years of streamflow data, respectively. Results indicate that the rainfall and minimum and maximum temperatures will increase in both periods, under both scenarios. This will potentially affect the streamflow that is projected to increase from March to
This study assesses seasonal particle size distribution (PSD) dynamics inside a waste stabilizati... more This study assesses seasonal particle size distribution (PSD) dynamics inside a waste stabilization ponds (WSP) (Buguruni, Tanzania) to understand settling dynamics of wastewater particles with an interest in helminth eggs. Results indicate that particles coming into the pond are mainly supracolloidal and settleables with 52.9% and 45.6%, respectively, in dry season and 48.9% and 49.9%, respectively, in wet season. Inflow PSD is a unimodal distribution that splits into settling and suspended PSDs, with an indication of particle breakage, as shown by the increased volume of smaller particles and hence the appearance of a bimodal distribution for the suspended particles. Up to 61.5% and 45.2% of particles that fall within the size range of helminths eggs are suspended during dry and wet seasons, respectively, with the potential to be carried in the effluent and to cause contamination.
This study assesses the seasonal particle size distribution (PSD) dynamics inside a WSP (Buguruni... more This study assesses the seasonal particle size distribution (PSD) dynamics inside a WSP (Buguruni, Tanzania) to understand the settling dynamics of wastewater particles with a specific focus on helminth eggs. Results indicate that particles coming into the pond are mainly supracolloidal and settleables, at 52.9% and 45.6%, respectively, in the dry season and 48.9% and 49.9%, respectively, in the wet season. Inflow PSD is a unimodal distribution that splits into settling and suspended PSDs, with an indication of particle breakage as shown by the increased volume of smaller particles, and hence the appearance of a bimodal distribution for the suspended particles. Up to 61.5% and 45.2% of particles that fall within the size range of helminths eggs are suspended during the dry and wet seasons, respectively, and have the potential to be carried in the effluent, causing contamination.
Helminthic infections pose significant worldwide public health challenges, and standard therapy i... more Helminthic infections pose significant worldwide public health challenges, and standard therapy includes mass drug administration (for de-worming) and three monthly vaccinations. However, research suggests that improved sanitation, especially efficient wastewater treatment, is a potential methodology for eradicating helminth infections. In low and middle income countries, waste stabilization ponds (WSP) are considered a cost-effective and highest ranked wastewater treatment system, capable of removing helminth eggs through sedimentation. However, eggs are still recovered in some ponds effluents, resulting into environmental contamination. Understanding sedimentation processes, and causative factors in WSP may improve system design for helminth eggs removal, hence reduce infections. Therefore, this research explores the sedimentation processes in the Buguruni WSPTanzania, concentrating in particle modifications inside the pond, settlement patterns at the bottom and properties of sedi...
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