Papers by Revista de Ciencias Agrícolas
Revista de Ciencias Agricolas, 2024
Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) is a major pest in stored cereals in Colombia, which causes significant... more Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) is a major pest in stored cereals in Colombia, which causes significant losses in production. Chemical control is the main tool used in the country, and despite the common use of insecticides such as deltamethrin, resistance has been observed in some Colombian populations but is a worldwide problem. The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficacy of deltamethrin and the combination of deltamethrin and piperonyl butoxide in Colombian populations of R. dominica. Failure to control and survival tests showed that the recommended doses on product labels were insufficient to protect the grain from this pest. Failure control demonstrated that mortality did not exceed 80 percent in the populations studied. Differences in susceptibility were observed between populations, with El Espinal and Neiva highlighted as less susceptible and Pore as the most sensitive to the action of insecticides. The combination of deltamethrin and piperonyl butoxide reduced insect survival but did not effectively control it (0-20%). These results suggest that R. dominica may be developing resistance to insecticides, as has been found in other countries. This underscores the importance of conducting toxicological studies and the need to investigate molecules with diverse modes of action, contributing to the strengthening of chemical management strategies. To achieve effective control, it is necessary to implement Integrated Pest Management (IPM) with a focus on alternative methods to chemical control.
Revista de Ciencias Agricolas, 2024
Lack of data regarding the agricultural activities in the area of Imués (Nariño, Colombia) has hi... more Lack of data regarding the agricultural activities in the area of Imués (Nariño, Colombia) has hindered understanding of current land uses and their impacts on natural resources, which causes this area to be considered one of the most arid in the region. To comprehend these processes, a description of the main land uses and agricultural and livestock production systems was made. This was carried out from a social, economic, and environmental dynamic through the characterization and typification of farms. Groups or clusters were constructed, which were previously subjected to qualitative statistical analysis, using the multiple correspondence factor analysis (MCAF) method. Subsequently, the hierarchical classification method was applied. The MCAF was able to establish four factors that were framed in the interaction of climate, altitude, and the productive component associated with it. Similarly, taking into account the social, economic, and environmental perspectives, it was determined that these groups, under their particularities and agricultural vocations, exert pressure on the territory's strategic ecosystems and diversity of flora and fauna. This makes their rural activities unsustainable. It was also found that there is a vocation for livestock exploitation and some minor species in the middle and high-altitude zones of the territory. However, it was established for other groupings that their major typologies were associated with conventional management without any planning. This generates negative impacts on soil resources, such as erosion and forest fragmentation, together with the expansion of the agricultural frontier.
Revista de Ciencias Agricolas, 2024
Lulo (Solanum quitoense Lam.) is an exotic fruit with high potential in international markets due... more Lulo (Solanum quitoense Lam.) is an exotic fruit with high potential in international markets due to its intense aromatic characteristics and its content of nutritional and bioactive compounds. However, it is highly perishable, which backslashes its potential for international exportation. Despite the drying processes affect the nutritional and sensory characteristics, fruit powders obtained by spray drying are promising products for the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. This work was conducted aiming to optimize the spray-drying process of lulo pulp. A Box-Behnken design with response surface methodology was used, in which the factors evaluated were inlet air temperature (160 - 220 °C), maltodextrin concentration (15-35%), and whey protein concentration (WPC) (1-5% w/w). The feed rate and air velocity were kept constant at 4 mL/min and 9 m/s, respectively. The optimization resulted in an inlet air temperature of 205.6 °C, 35% maltodextrin, and 1.96% WPC. Under these conditions, the mathematical model estimated a powder yield of 62.8%, a moisture content of 2.3 %, a bulk density of 0.49 g/mL, a solubility of 91.9 %, and an ascorbic acid content of 120.8 mg/100 g powder. The optimal process conditions and the mixture of encapsulants (MD and WPC) allow for obtaining lulo powder with adequate yield and quality characteristics.
Revista de Ciencias Agricolas, 2024
Changes in soil use have detrimental effects on its properties. This research was conducted to ev... more Changes in soil use have detrimental effects on its properties. This research was conducted to evaluate the physical degradation of histosol soils in the Putumayo department, Colombia. To do so, two types of areas were assessed: those without intervention (T0) and areas affected by mound structures caused by combined actions of livestock and high humidity, commonly known as "tatucos." These areas were categorized based on the percentage of deformation incidence: low degradation (T1); moderate (T2); and high (T3). Sampling was done at a depth of 15 cm, both in the tatucos-affected zone and its surrounding area. The height and diameter of the mound were measured, along with physical properties: apparent and bulk density, porosity, volumetric moisture, penetration resistance, and degree of organic material decomposition. The primary soil use in the area is extensive livestock farming. It was established that in areas with high degradation (T3), there was an average mound diameter of 151.9 ± 4.46 cm and a height of 22.7 ± 2.59 cm. Regarding physical properties, there was an apparent density of 0.24 g.cm-3, a bulk density of 1.62 g.cm-3, and a penetration resistance of 0.71 MPa. These values were significantly higher than those observed in the areas without intervention. Therefore, it is inferred that the alteration of land use causes a change in physical properties, which are vital for agro ecosystems in the southern regions of Colombia.
Revista de Ciencias Agricolas, 2024
Agroforestry systems incorporate several productive components per unit area to yield efficiency.... more Agroforestry systems incorporate several productive components per unit area to yield efficiency. However, considering the high degree of complexity inherent to interspecific plant-plant interactions, little is known about most of these systems' real productive potential and efficiency. In this context, it is important to analyze the interactions between the components to identify potential favorable associations. The objective of this research was to evaluate the performance of the transitory crops maize (Zea mays L) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L) in a family farming system under three agroforestry arrangements with cocoa in the municipality of Páez, Boyacá, Colombia. A split-plot design was used, where the main plots corresponded to three shade forest species, which were associated with cocoa and the transient crops. The subplots corresponded to three planting systems: CS1 cocoa+maize, CS2 coca+beans, and CS3 cocoa+maize+beans. The effect on agronomic and productive variables of transitory crops (maize and beans) was evaluated, and an economic analysis was carried out. For beans, the effect of the cropping system on yield (t. ha-1) stood out, while for maize, the statistical effect was given by the forest x cropping system interaction in most of the variables evaluated. Considering the interspecific interactions found under the influence of different forests, the use of Colombian mahogany as a companion species in these intercropping systems is suggested. The cost analysis revealed that the maize-bean association is more efficient in the equivalent use of land. Therefore, the data obtained reveal more efficient strategies for sustainable cocoa productivity in Colombia.
Revista de Ciencias Agricolas, 2024
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of the most important agricultural products in cold-climate ... more Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of the most important agricultural products in cold-climate areas of the world. However, the soils intended for potato production in tropical zones such as Colombia have low availability of essential elements, such as phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, and beneficial elements such as silicon. The general objective was to evaluate the application of increasing doses of three silicate amendments on the dynamics of accumulation of phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, and silicon in leaf tissue and their influence on the quality and production of 'Diacol Capiro' potato tubers under the conditions of Soracá municipality, Boyacá, Colombia. Two production cycles were evaluated, with a completely randomized design and ten treatments in each cycle. It was observed that the application of double calcium and magnesium silicate at a dose of 900 kg ha-1 as a crop management practice resulted in an increase in the accumulation of macronutrients such as P, Ca, and Mg by 63.1, 32.4, and 51.1%, respectively, and a 100% increase in silicon accumulation as a beneficial element; this was reflected in a 46% increase in total yield, with a higher production of first-quality tubers and a significant increase in dry matter and specific gravity compared to the application of conventional fertilization sources. Therefore, silicate fertilizers are an important alternative to improve quality and production through a better dynamic of accumulation of essential and beneficial nutrients in potato-producing areas in Colombia.
Revista de Ciencias Agricolas, 2024
Biological degradation of the soil due to inadequate agricultural practices that eliminate vegeta... more Biological degradation of the soil due to inadequate agricultural practices that eliminate vegetative cover and, therefore, organic matter reduces the biological communities that perform important ecological functions in the soil. The objective of the study was to evaluate some biological properties of the soil in an agroforestry system with Morella pubescens intercropped with Smallanthus sonchifolius and in a degraded pasture of Cenchrus clandestinum. The trial was conducted at the Botana Experimental Farm, Nariño, at 2,820 meters above sea level. Density, richness, and Simpson and Shannon-Wiener diversity indices were determined. A Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications was used. The treatments corresponded to sowing distances of S. sonchifolius. T1: sown at 1x1m, T2: 0.8x0.8m, T3: 0.5x0.5m, and the control T4 corresponded to degraded pasture of C. clandestinum. The tree component M. pubescens was established at 4x4m between seedlings and 9m between rows. Soil macrofauna sampling was carried out following the monolithic TSBF method, collecting at depths of (0-10, 10-20 and 20-30cm). A total density of 6,496i/m2 individuals was found. The highest value was obtained in T3 (3,168i/m2), represented by the taxonomic groups Diptera and Haplotaxida. Higher values of richness were observed in T1. The Shannon index was higher in T2 (0.66), while T1 (0.80) presented higher dominance in morphospecies. Density and richness were higher in the agroforestry arrangement than in the degraded Cenchrus clandestinum pasture. Treatments, depth, and their interaction did not significantly affect morphospecies diversity.
Revista de Ciencias Agricolas, 2023
Precision agriculture (PA) is advancing in Brazil concerning several crops, mainly for medium to ... more Precision agriculture (PA) is advancing in Brazil concerning several crops, mainly for medium to largesized farms, occasionally evolving towards automation and digital agriculture. Soil knowledge is fundamental in this process, requiring studies on a detailed scale greater than 1:5,000, and demanding overcoming soil taxonomy concepts. This review article presents and discusses the most effective methods of PA from a soil management perspective, inducing advances for farming and producers in Brazil. Topography, electrical conductivity, proximal and remote sensing, and productivity work outlined soil mapping and their relationship to soil. The modeling of topographic variables through artificial intelligence offers new perspectives. The soil's apparent electrical conductivity can work at various depths, providing information about several pedological parameters. Finally, proximal, and remote sensing techniques could simulate different soil attributes, potentially integrating productivity data on studying plant attributes. Despite some differences, the four themes are complementary, and integrating data through geographic information systems results in a consistent option for defining management zones.
Revista de Ciencias Agricolas, 2023
Integrated crop-livestock-forest (ICLF) systems involve intercropping of various crops to achieve... more Integrated crop-livestock-forest (ICLF) systems involve intercropping of various crops to achieve beneficial and synergistic outcomes, enhancing both economic viability and environmental sustainability. Considering the complexity of integrated agrosystems and the economic importance of soybean production in Brazil, we aimed to investigate the effects of two ICLF systems on the physical characteristics and quality of soybeans produced. The treatments comprised plots (two ha) with either single-row (ICLFS) or triple-row (ICLFT), tree configurations intercropped with soybean (maize and forage grass), and control plots (one ha), whose crops were cultivated under full sunlight (CFS). Soybeans were harvested from plants located at 3, 6, 10 and 15 m from tree bands in the north and south faces of the ICLF systems and at random positions in the CFS plots. The moisture content, electrical conductivity of the exudate solution, hue angle and chroma index of grains harvested from ICLFS and ICLFT were similar to those of CFS-grown soybeans. However, the mass of 1000 grains and the bulk density values of ICLF-grown soybeans were significantly higher (P ≤ 0.05) than those of grains harvested from CFS plots. We conclude that the quality of soybean seeds was not negatively affected by the conditions prevailing in the ICLF systems. Moreover, it appears that the forest component contributed positively to the ecosystem by providing a favorable microclimate for the development of soybean grains.
Revista de Ciencias Agricolas, 2023
Seed treatment is an important practice for reducing pathogens. The microbiolization technique ha... more Seed treatment is an important practice for reducing pathogens. The microbiolization technique has been used to provide economic and environmental benefits, starting with the selection of microorganisms and the identification of their mechanisms of action. In this sense, Bacillus sp. has stood out, having the capacity to promote growth and phytopathogenic control of several important crops such as rice. This study was conducted aiming to evaluate the protective effects of inoculation with six isolates of Bacillus sp. in rice seeds. Germination, germination speed index, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight, seeding size, indoleacetic acid production, cellulase production, and antagonist phytosanitary analysis were evaluated. Our results revealed the best efficacy of isolate 47b in the tests of rice seed germination, root fresh weight, shoot fresh weight, seedling size, indoleacetic acid, and cellulase index. The 47b isolate, as it expressed better results in the previous tests, was subjected to different pHs, with pH 4, pH 6, and pH 8 being more efficient as a control measure (in the antagonism test) against Curvularia sp. This 47b isolate also performed very efficiently against Colletotrichum sp. at the pH4 and Macrophomina sp. at the pH 6. Our findings revealed the potential of the isolate 47b as a plant protectant against relevant phytopathogens and demonstrated its potential as a plant growth promoter.
Revista de Ciencias Agricolas, 2023
Jatropha curcas plant is known for its soil tolerance and ability to thrive in low humidity condi... more Jatropha curcas plant is known for its soil tolerance and ability to thrive in low humidity conditions; however, there is a lack of systematic reports documenting the impact of limited water availability on its growth and development. This work aimed to analyze the development of J. curcas cultivated with daily supplementation of limited amounts of water. Five daily irrigation treatments were established to simulate varying annual rainfall levels: 250, 750, 1250, 1750 mm and 2250 mm. In each treatment, we used 16 seedlings of J. curcas MAP-08. The seedlings were sown in pots containing loam soil substrate mixed with vermicompost (19: 1 weight to weight). After 60 weeks of cultivation, plants receiving irrigation of 2250 mm per year exhibited growth rates 1.28, 1.51, 1.95 and 1.95 times higher, with respective increases in stem diameter of 15.6, 22.2, 41.9% and 47.7%, as well as 1.2, 1.4, 1.8, and 1.8 more leaves compared to those receiving 1750, 1250, 750, and 250 mm. There was no statistical difference in the number of branches (3.86 branches per plant) between the plants of the treatment with irrigation of 2250, 1750 mm and 1250 mm per year or between the plants belonging to the 750 and 250 mm per year (2.90 branches per plant) treatments. The plants of treatments 1750 and 2250 were the only ones that produced flowers. Although J. curcas typically functions as a succulent deciduous bush, with its stem serving to regulate leaf water potential and acting as a shock absorber against soil water potentials, its morphological and reproductive characteristics were recorded to be negatively affected when subjected to reductions of 22, 44, 67% and 89% in water availability compared to the maximum annual level recorded in the work area (2250 mm).
Revista de Ciencias Agricolas, 2023
Controlled infection systems constitute a valuable tool in the study of pathosystems, as they ena... more Controlled infection systems constitute a valuable tool in the study of pathosystems, as they enable the observation and measurement of specific characteristics with greater precision and ease compared to natural conditions. Additionally, they are useful for exploring and identifying sources of resistance in host populations. However, the plant's response to infection can vary depending on the inoculation method; invasive methods can damage plant parts, thus facilitating pathogen entry even in the presence of certain resistance mechanisms. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reproducibility of an artificial infection protocol and an assessment scale for primary symptoms at the stem base/root collar, as well as secondary symptoms in leaves and roots of two Passiflora species. We evaluated the effects of inoculating planting substrates of sweet granadilla and purple passion fruit plants with three concentrations of F. solani f. sp. passiflorae (0.5 × 106, 1 × 106, and 2 × 106 conidia gram-1 of substrate), using non-inoculated plants as controls under controlled conditions. These treatments were tested in two separate experiments performed in 2017 and 2020. The study included symptom development readings integrated in a disease severity index (SI) for collar rot. Both experiments showed severity indices greater that 56%, indicating a high level of efficacy of the inoculation system for replicating disease symptoms in greenhouse settings. Our inoculation method reflects the conditions of natural infection of F. solani in sweet granadilla and purple passion fruit plants; it could be suitable for epidemiological and disease control studies, as well as for routine germplasm screening to identify sources of resistance.
Revista de Ciencias Agricolas, 2023
In recent years, there has been a surge in the demand for peach fruits in Colombia. However, desp... more In recent years, there has been a surge in the demand for peach fruits in Colombia. However, despite the presence of suitable areas for peach production, neither production nor quality has witnessed a corresponding increase. This is primarily attributed to the inherently short post-harvest life and low firmness of these fruits, rendering them susceptible to manipulation. The nutritional element silicon affects the quality of these fruits when applied in fertilization, increasing firmness values, improving color, and favoring the concentration of metabolites. Therefore, this investigation was conducted aiming to evaluate whether the edaphic application of different doses of silicon would alter the postharvest behavior of 'Dorado' peach, Prunus persica (L.) Batsch, fruits in order to maintain quality during storage for a longer time. A completely randomized block design with two blocks (stratum 1 and stratum 2) and five treatments (0, 300, 600, 900, and 120 kg ha-1 of silicon) were evaluated. The fruits from plants fertilized with 1200 kg ha-1 of silicon showed more firmness and total soluble solids (TSS). However, the application of silicon did not affect the other evaluated parameters. Fruits from stratum 1 had higher firmness and TSS than those from stratum 2, while the total carotenoids were not affected by stratum types. The total titratable acidity and luminosity of the fruits decreased during postharvest, while the TSS only showed a slight increase. The respiratory rate presented the highest value at 11 days of storage. The application of silicon is important to preserve some properties of peach fruits for longer.
Revista de Ciencias Agricolas, 2023
During certain periods of the year, some Brazilian regions impose water restrictions, initiating ... more During certain periods of the year, some Brazilian regions impose water restrictions, initiating the growth cycle of the soybean crop. Thus, this work was conducted aiming to evaluate the morphophysiology and development of soybean cultivars under irrigation intervals. The experiment was conduct in January 2021, in a rural property, located in the municipality of Lavínia, state of São Paulo, Brazil. The design was completely randomized, in a 2×5 factorial scheme, with two soybean cultivars, M7110IPro (Mon-soy®) and Desafio RR8473RSF (Brasmax®), interacting with the irrigation intervals (i.e., 24 h (Control); 48 h; 72 h, 96 h and 120 h) totalizing 10 treatments. We used four repetitions per treatment, which totalizes 40 plots or pots. Our results revealed that intervals longer than 48 h already negatively influence in morphophysiology of the soybean crop. Intervals of 96 h caused greater negative interferences on plant height (PH); number of leaflets (NL); number of pods (NP); dry mass of aerial part (DMAP) and root (DMR) in the soybean crop when grown in pots. Water stress did not influence the stomatal density of soybean grown in pots. Water stress harms soybean physiological parameters. No soybean cultivar showed tolerance to water stress.
Revista de Ciencias Agricolas, 2023
This work focuses on determining the main flavonoids with medicinal effects present in the wild o... more This work focuses on determining the main flavonoids with medicinal effects present in the wild ojo de gallo plant endemic to the State of Guanajuato in Mexico. For this purpose, the concentration of kaempferol, catechin, and rutin was determined in the wild ojo de gallo grass collected from three different sites in the state of Guanajuato (Comedero Grande, Ex - Hacienda de Márquez, and Tejamanil). The dehydration process of the plant was carried out later to determine the concentration of the metabolites of interest using the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique. A statistical analysis was carried out to determine the relationship between the concentration of each metabolite and the various collection sites, also considering the results of the fertility analysis. The results show that the highest concentration for kaempferol was obtained in Ex - Hacienda de Márquez with a value of 24.15 ppm, while for catechin and rutin, it was in Tejamanil reporting values of 26.52 ppm and 46.98 ppm, respectively. The statistical analysis shows no significant difference between Ex -Hacienda de Márquez and Tejamanil for the three metabolites. These results indicate that the site called Comedero Grande favors the presence of kaempferol and rutin while the site called Tejamanil favors the presence of catechin; this opens the possibility of future studies that allow finding the appropriate conditions to maximize the flavonoids of interest in this plant.
Revista de Ciencias Agricolas, 2023
The surge in Tahiti lime exports over the past year, combined with heightened quality standards o... more The surge in Tahiti lime exports over the past year, combined with heightened quality standards of the international market, have made it necessary to improve production processes to obtain fruit with increasingly better organoleptic characteristics. Thus, the foundation lies in selecting a property with suitable edaphoclimatic conditions and possessing precise knowledge of the ecophysiological behavior of the tree in these specific conditions. This study aimed to document the flowering phenology and study the physicochemical characteristics of Tahiti lime fruits in two environments in the Andean region of Colombia. Evaluations were conducted on eight Tahiti lime trees (ten-year-old) per orchard grafted on Sunki x English. Observations were made for 12 months of the buds, flowers and fruits of the marked trees in each evaluated area (Manizales - 2280 m asl and Santagueda 1010 m asl). The flowering phenology according to the stages of the BBCH phenological scale, the physical-chemical characteristics of the fruit, and the climatic conditions of the two areas were evaluated. A completely randomized experimental design and Duncan's comparison of means were used. Significant differences were found in polar diameter, ascorbic acid, soluble solids, juice yield, shell mass, and titratable acidity according to locality. The Phenology of flowering took less time, and the accumulation of heat units was higher in the lower altitude zone. The physical and chemical characteristics of Tahiti lime fruits are influenced by the environment in which the trees develop.
Revista de Ciencias Agricolas, 2023
The efficiency of the livestock system is one of the factors of greatest social and economic inte... more The efficiency of the livestock system is one of the factors of greatest social and economic interest in rural production areas. The project aimed to assess various biological and economic indicators to identify the most efficient dairy cows in grazing systems with supplementation within the Antioquia-Colombia dairy basin. We used retrospective data from 2009 to 2019 from farms in the municipalities of Entrerríos, San Pedro, and Belmira. The production systems in the northern region of Antioquia share common features typical of many dairy enterprises. They are primarily characterized by their utilization of grazing systems, each employing distinct supplementation regimes.The farms have their own records and official milk control from the cooperatives or associations from which the data was obtained. The productive categories of the evaluated cows were established according to the number of births, and within each subgroup, they were ordered by the total liters per lactation in ascending order. Productive, reproductive, health, and economic variables were recorded. Then cuts were made, thus forming three categories: low, medium, and high production. It was possible to determine the model that showed four groups of variables (breed, milk production per lactation, open days, and silage) with an important correlation of 97% and a greater contribution to the behavior of the cost per liter, obtaining an R2 of 0.91 (P <0.05) and a prediction error of US$ 0.0076 per liter of milk in the evaluated farms. It is concluded that, with few biological and economic predictive indicators, it was possible to identify the most efficient cows in grazing systems.
Revista de Ciencias Agrícolas, 2023
Wild palms constitute a group of plants of particular economic importance in the tropics, being a... more Wild palms constitute a group of plants of particular economic importance in the tropics, being a valuable source for obtaining construction materials, fabrics, fuel, food, ornamental and medicinal plants. Despite their economic, social, and environmental importance, the genetic variability existing in wild palms, mainly of the genus Mauritia and Euterpe, is unknown, which limits their potential use and the identification of promising genotypes to be included in recombination programs. The genetic variability of three wild palm species (Euterpe oleracea, Euterpe precatoria, and Mauritia flexuosa) was evaluated using Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) markers. A total of 51 genotypes were analyzed with seven ISSR primers, which generated a total of 153 bands, with a percentage of polymorphic loci of 90.24%. The cluster analysis revealed the formation of six groups at a similarity level of 37%, grouping the palm genotypes by species and geographical origin. Molecular variance analysis revealed that within group variations contributed more to genetic diversity (89%) than between group variations (11%). The average value of F st was 0.20, demonstrating moderate genetic differentiation. The high genetic variability found in this study indicates the valuable genetic potential present in palm germplasm, which could be used for future improvement programs of the species.
Revista De Ciencias Agrícolas, 2023
Detection of Groundnut ringspot virus carried by Frankliniella sp. on watermelon fields in Brazil... more Detection of Groundnut ringspot virus carried by Frankliniella sp. on watermelon fields in Brazilian Cerrado Detección de Groundnut ringspot virus transportado por Frankliniella sp. en cultivos de sandía en el Cerrado Brasileño
Revista De Ciencias Agrícolas, 2023
The application of plant physiological principles in genetic improvement allows to approach with ... more The application of plant physiological principles in genetic improvement allows to approach with greater ease, the solution of the limitations of the agricultural production in an integral and articulated way. For this reason, physiological indicators were used as criteria for the selection of UN Cotové papaya variety plants, which serve as parents for a species breeding program. Eighteen individuals were selected for monthly gas exchange measurements, chlorophyll fluorescence, and leaf area index. The data analysis was done with multivariate non-hierarchical clustering and factorial analysis. Two clusters were generated that did not group morphotypes regarding the gas exchange, quantum yield of Photosystem II (PSII), and leaf area index (LAI). ANOVA established significant differences between plants for most variables. The means were compared with the Tukey test (P < 0.05). Six plants presented better yield, positioning them as a promising material to obtain a papaya variety with outstanding characteristics under tropical dry forest (TDF) conditions.
Uploads
Papers by Revista de Ciencias Agrícolas