Books by reynaldo f. macias
ED082906 - A Study of Unincorporated East Los Angeles. Monograph No. 3.
Papers by reynaldo f. macias
ED104606 - The National Directory of Chicano Faculty and Research.
The theoretical catalysts to bilingualism and language contact studies in the United States came ... more The theoretical catalysts to bilingualism and language contact studies in the United States came with the publication of Weinreich (1953) and Haugen (1956). However, the data sources available to develop the field have been limited. The decennial census has provided reports on "mother tongue" data for the country, while university-based research into language use has provided data on a few selected aspects of language abilities and use mainly for limited samples of the Mexican origin and Puerto Rican origin populations. What the census data provides in national scope and temporal comparability, it lacks in descriptive adequacy on language abilities and use. What the university-based scholarship provides in the latter, it lacks in the former. The most exhaustive and comprehensive attempt at integrating the national census data and local studies is J. Fishman et al., Language Loyalty in the U.S. (1966). This project utilized census figures on mother tongue, activity, and other selected factors, in combination with independently collected data on non-English languages in the press, broadcast media, schooling, churches, and ethnic organizations (known as the "Language Resources Study"). Fishman et al. (1966) filled a tremendous vacuum in the language-related research of the period. It was limited, however, by the magnitude of the task. It could not do everything. The primary focus of the study was limited to European immigrants and their descendants for the period 1900 to 1960. Exploring the assimilative processes for these immigrants, the study was guided by trend analyses, cultural change studies, and a concern for language maintenance and shift. The Spanish speak ing were also included in Fishman's study, and, per force, it involved analyses of the Mexican origin population as the predominant Spanish-speaking ethnic group in the country. The study included: (1) a comparative analysis of community processes/dynamics in three cities ?one with a large Chicano population (San Antonio, TX); (2) a very disappointing chapter on the Spanish speaking in the Southwest; and (3) occasional references throughout the text to the Spanish language (press, schools, native speakers, etc.). The congruence of language and ethnic group, however, was not systematically explored for Mexicans on a national basis (though there was an attempt to qualitatively explore this for the Southwest), and other Spanish speak ing groups were not identified or discussed separately (although Fishman [1971] is a comprehen sive local study of a Puerto Rican community). Throughout the entire study on language loyalties, generalizations and conclusions are drawn from the analysis of the data about the general pro cesses of language maintenance and shift, assimilation, and inter-generational change. In more than one place, the Spanish speaking are excluded from the generalizations, including these two: (1) the general decline of the number of non-English speakers of a language over time; and (2) a fragmentation of the supportive cultural/social matrix or "ethnic community" for the
EJ069575 - Objectives of Chicano Studies.
Routledge eBooks, Jun 21, 2021
EJ172399 - El Debate Bilingue/The Bilingual Debate.
This paper provides a comparative perspective on a language minority group in the United States, ... more This paper provides a comparative perspective on a language minority group in the United States, offering insights into the development of language policies for a new, developing multicultural Europe. It begins with background information that frames the current policies and cultural debates about Spanish, and to a lesser degree other non-English languages, in California and the United States. It describes language demography, discusses school enrollment trends among minority and immigrant language speakers, and notes the official status of languages in the United States, explaining that even though there is not an official, national, or constitutional U.S. language, English is the single language of government. The paper discusses language debates in the United States in the 1980s and beyond and concludes by explaining that the language politics in California in the last 2 decades has challenged and shifted the principles around which educational policy was built. There was a definite cultural policy backlash against immigrants and language minorities during the last decade of the millennium. It may require a substantial shift in political representation by language minorities for the interests of minorities to be reflected in law and educational policies. (Contains 8 tables and 13 references.) (SM) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document.
Education Statistics Quarterly, 2001
The National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) is the primary federal entity for collecting,... more The National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) is the primary federal entity for collecting, analyzing, and reporting data related to education in the United States and other nations. It fulfills a congressional mandate to collect, collate, analyze, and report full and complete statistics on the condition of education in the United States; conduct and publish reports and specialized analyses of the meaning and significance of such statistics; assist state and local education agencies in improving their statistical systems; and review and report on education activities in foreign countries. NCES activities are designed to address high priority education data needs; provide consistent, reliable, complete, and accurate indicators of education status and trends; and report timely, useful, and high quality data to the U.S. Department of Education, the Congress, the states, other education policymakers, practitioners, data users, and the general public. We strive to make our products available in a variety of formats and in language that is appropriate to a variety of audiences. You, as our customer, are the best judge of our success in communicating information effectively.
International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education, Mar 1, 2005
Multilingual Matters eBooks, Dec 31, 2014
International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 1997
Language diversity has been increasing again throughout the United States since 1965, partly the ... more Language diversity has been increasing again throughout the United States since 1965, partly the result of major changes in Immigration, foreign language, and civil rights laws. As a result ofthis diversity, language issues requiring policy attention have arisen in the workplace. The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission adopted rules in 1979 governing when and under what conditions these workplace policies could require that only English be spoken by employees. Consent agreements and litigation brought under this "English-only" rule have resulted in a number of decisions that have assumed certain things about bilingualism and bilinguals, äs well äs about language attitudes and monolinguals. While not all of these decisions have been uniform, some of these assumptions have raised the following questions: (1) how does bilingual speech affect workperformance? and (2) to what extent do English monolinguals need "protection" from hearing non-English languages around them (whether äs clients or employees in a work Situation)? This article reviews a selected case of an urban university-based hospital, which successfully solved a conflict over an English-only rule, in order to look at these questions. Itfound, among other things, that language attitudes were a key component to intergroup relations and language Status. Non-English languages were thefocus of unfounded English monolingual "fears" and "paranoia". A workshop covering many cross-cultural communication strategies can be successful in improving these relationships.
Language Problems and Language Planning, May 9, 2016
Bilingual Research Journal, Nov 21, 2016
Richard Ruiz wrote "Orientations in Language Planning" in 1984, and it became an influential arti... more Richard Ruiz wrote "Orientations in Language Planning" in 1984, and it became an influential article in several language disciplines. How is it that this article became so popular and had such lasting impact? In order to answer this question, I undertook to understand the language political scene at the time, looked at his contribution within a continuing public dialogue, and assessed the impact of his contribution since 1984. Using methods from the history of ideas, testimonio, and rhetoric studies, I contextualized the article, analyzed its rhetorical structure, its impact over 30 years, and how it is currently being used in research and schooling. I found that a combination of factors contributed to its impact and lasting importance. It identified and focused on a critical juncture in the language planning field, thus promoting meta-model building in the field. His three orientations allowed for a political vocabulary for those in support of bilingual education. His timing of the article was key. Addressing the article to the broad, varied, committed communities of parents, teachers, administrators, researchers, policy makers, and other educational personnel through the NABE Journal, was key to making the several public ideologies visible. He also helped set future research and policy analytic directions.
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Books by reynaldo f. macias
Papers by reynaldo f. macias