nadoes Experiment-II (VORTEX2) field project was conducted in the spring of 2009 and 2010 (Wur-ma... more nadoes Experiment-II (VORTEX2) field project was conducted in the spring of 2009 and 2010 (Wur-man et al., 2010).1 The size and scope of the Verification of the Ori-gins of Rotation in Tornadoes Experiment-II (VOR-TEX2) field project (Wurman et al., 2010) required accurate forecasts to be made in order to plan the mission of the day and set up for future missions on following days. In 2009, the steering commit-tee was responsible for making the forecasts with input from the VOC. Each member of the steering committee would take turns producing the brief-ing for the daily morning PI mission planning-meeting. VORTEX2 utilized an armada of 35-40 vehicles with a variety of mobile observ-ing equipment. More than 100 scientists, students and media traveled over much of the Great Plains during the project. Although successful forecasts were made, the amount of time required of the steering commit-tee to create forecasts distracted from other mis-sion planning duties. To remove this distract...
Renewable energy sources, including solar energy, present opportunities for sustained development... more Renewable energy sources, including solar energy, present opportunities for sustained development and electrical generation with minor impacts on Earth. Solar energy systems are becoming more affordable and, despite Oklahoma’s abundant sunny days each year, the solar energy field remains untapped. From April 2017 to April 2018, a field experiment was carried out at the Oklahoma Mesonet site at the National Weather Center to analyze the solar insolation and solar energy production. A solar panel was instrumented with its own pyranometer to measure the global downwelling solar radiation at a tilt angle of 47 degrees, along with solar panel temperature, current, and voltage. This experimental data was compared with the standard data set of the Mesonet site, where a seasonal variation was observed in the relationship between the horizontal solar radiation and the solar radiation at the tilted surface. A cubic equation defined the relationship between the observed power and the solar rad...
The 2016–18 NOAA Hazardous Weather Testbed (HWT) Spring Forecasting Experiments (SFE) featured th... more The 2016–18 NOAA Hazardous Weather Testbed (HWT) Spring Forecasting Experiments (SFE) featured the Community Leveraged Unified Ensemble (CLUE), a coordinated convection-allowing model (CAM) ensemble framework designed to provide empirical guidance for development of operational CAM systems. The 2017 CLUE included 81 members that all used 3-km horizontal grid spacing over the CONUS, enabling direct comparison of forecasts generated using different dynamical cores, physics schemes, and initialization procedures. This study uses forecasts from several of the 2017 CLUE members and one operational model to evaluate and compare CAM representation and next-day prediction of thunderstorms. The analysis utilizes existing techniques and novel, object-based techniques that distill important information about modeled and observed storms from many cases. The National Severe Storms Laboratory Multi-Radar Multi-Sensor product suite is used to verify model forecasts and climatologies of observed va...
During the summers of 2016 and 2017, the Center for Analysis and Prediction of Storms (CAPS) ran ... more During the summers of 2016 and 2017, the Center for Analysis and Prediction of Storms (CAPS) ran real-time storm-scale ensemble forecasts (SSEFs) in support of the Hydrometeorology Testbed (HMT) Flash Flood and Intense Rainfall (FFaIR) experiment. These forecasts, using WRF-ARW and Nonhydrostatic Mesoscale Model on the B-grid (NMMB) in 2016, and WRF-ARW and GFDL Finite Volume Cubed-Sphere Dynamical Core (FV3) in 2017, covered the contiguous United States at 3-km horizontal grid spacing, and supported the generation and evaluation of precipitation forecast products, including ensemble probabilistic products. Forecasts of 3-h precipitation accumulation are evaluated. Overall, the SSEF produces skillful 3-h accumulated precipitation forecasts, with ARW members generally outperforming NMMB members and the single FV3 member run in 2017 outperforming ARW members; these differences are significant at some forecast hours. Statistically significant differences exist in the performance, in te...
The deployment of small unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) to collect routine in situ vertical profi... more The deployment of small unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) to collect routine in situ vertical profiles of the thermodynamic and kinematic state of the atmosphere in conjunction with other weather observations could significantly improve weather forecasting skill and resolution. High-resolution vertical measurements of pressure, temperature, humidity, wind speed and wind direction are critical to the understanding of atmospheric boundary layer processes integral to air–surface (land, ocean and sea ice) exchanges of energy, momentum, and moisture; how these are affected by climate variability; and how they impact weather forecasts and air quality simulations. We explore the potential value of collecting coordinated atmospheric profiles at fixed surface observing sites at designated times using instrumented UAS. We refer to such a network of autonomous weather UAS designed for atmospheric profiling and capable of operating in most weather conditions as a 3D Mesonet. We outline some of th...
Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 2018
One primary goal of annual Spring Forecasting Experiments (SFEs), which are coorganized by NOAA’s... more One primary goal of annual Spring Forecasting Experiments (SFEs), which are coorganized by NOAA’s National Severe Storms Laboratory and Storm Prediction Center and conducted in the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) Hazardous Weather Testbed, is documenting performance characteristics of experimental, convection-allowing modeling systems (CAMs). Since 2007, the number of CAMs (including CAM ensembles) examined in the SFEs has increased dramatically, peaking at six different CAM ensembles in 2015. Meanwhile, major advances have been made in creating, importing, processing, verifying, and developing tools for analyzing and visualizing these large and complex datasets. However, progress toward identifying optimal CAM ensemble configurations has been inhibited because the different CAM systems have been independently designed, making it difficult to attribute differences in performance characteristics. Thus, for the 2016 SFE, a much more coordinated effort among ma...
The Nationwide Network of Networks (NNoN) concept was introduced by the National Research Council... more The Nationwide Network of Networks (NNoN) concept was introduced by the National Research Council to address the growing need for a national mesoscale observing system and the continued advancement toward accurate high-resolution numerical weather prediction. The research test bed known as the Dallas–Fort Worth (DFW) Urban Demonstration Network was created to experiment with many kinds of mesoscale observations that could be used in a data assimilation system. Many nonconventional observations, including Earth Networks and Citizen Weather Observer Program surface stations, are combined with conventional operational data to form the test bed network. A principal component of the NNoN effort is the quantification of observation impact from several different sources of information. In this study, the GSI-based EnKF system was used together with the WRF-ARW Model to examine impacts of observations assimilated for forecasting convection initiation (CI) in the 3 April 2014 hail storm case...
An Engineering Research Center for the Collaborative Adaptive Sensing of the Atmosphere (CASA) wa... more An Engineering Research Center for the Collaborative Adaptive Sensing of the Atmosphere (CASA) was formed in the fall of 2003 by the National Science Foundation for the purpose of developing a dense network of small, low-cost, low-power radars that could collaboratively and adaptively sense the lower atmosphere (0-3 km AGL). Such a network is expected to dramatically improve sensing near the ground through a process called DCAS, distributive collaborative adaptive sensing. The CASA network is a dynamic, data-driven application system whereby the strategy for scanning will be an optimized network solution among competing end-user needs and weather constraints. Decision-making within the system will be made in real-time, with end-users providing automated and/or manual input to the system. Furthermore, each radar will have dualpolarization capability, and signal processing designed to minimize ground clutter contamination. Data collected from the CASA network will be assimilated in real-time for use in detection algorithms, numerical weather prediction and transportation models, and output disseminated to a wide array of end-users. Because of the distinct advantages of such a radar network, significant improvements are expected from the system in the analysis and prediction of surface weather conditions.
Multiscale convection-allowing precipitation forecast perturbations are examined for two forecast... more Multiscale convection-allowing precipitation forecast perturbations are examined for two forecasts and systematically over 34 forecasts out to 30-h lead time using Haar Wavelet decomposition. Two small-scale initial condition (IC) perturbation methods are compared to the larger-scale IC and physics perturbations in an experimental convection-allowing ensemble. For a precipitation forecast driven primarily by a synoptic-scale baroclinic disturbance, small-scale IC perturbations resulted in little precipitation forecast perturbation energy on medium and large scales, compared to larger-scale IC and physics (LGPH) perturbations after the first few forecast hours. However, for a case where forecast convection at the initial time grew upscale into a mesoscale convective system (MCS), small-scale IC and LGPH perturbations resulted in similar forecast perturbation energy on all scales after about 12 h. Small-scale IC perturbations added to LGPH increased total forecast perturbation energy ...
The Advanced Regional Prediction System (ARPS) is applied to operational numerical weather foreca... more The Advanced Regional Prediction System (ARPS) is applied to operational numerical weather forecast in Galicia, northwest Spain. A 72-hour forecast at a 10-km horizontal resolution is produced dta for the region. Located on the northwest coast of Spain and influenced by the Atlantic weather systems, Galicia has a high percentage (almost 50%) of rainy days per year. For these reasons, the precipitation processes and the initialization of moisture and cloud fields are very important. Even though the ARPS model has a sophisticated data analysis system (ADAS) that includes a 3D cloud analysis package, due to operational constraint, our current forecast starts from 12-hour forecast of the NCEP AVN model. Still, procedures from the ADAS cloud analysis are being used to construct the cloud fields based on AVN data, and then applied to initialize the microphysical variables in ARPS. Comparisons of the ARPS predictions with local observations show that ARPS can predict quite well both the daily total precipitation and its spatial distribution. ARPS also shows skill in predicting heavy rains and high winds, as observed during November 2000, and especially in the prediction of the November 5th, 2000 storm that caused widespread wind and rain damage in Galicia.
Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 2012
Annual Spring Experiments aim to accelerate the transfer of promising new concepts and tools from... more Annual Spring Experiments aim to accelerate the transfer of promising new concepts and tools from research to operations through intensive real-time forecasts and evaluations. B ackground. Each spring during the climatological peak of the severe weather season in the United States, the Experimental Forecast Program (EFP) of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) Hazardous Weather Testbed (HWT) conducts a multiagency collaborative forecasting experiment known as the HWT EFP Spring Experiment. Organized by the Storm Prediction Center (SPC) and National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL), the annual Spring Experiments test new concepts and technologies designed to improve the prediction of hazardous mesoscale weather. A primary goal is to accelerate the transfer of promising new tools from research to operations, while inspiring new initiatives for operationally relevant research, through intensive real-time experimental forecasting and evaluation activities (e.g., Weiss et al. 2007). This article summarizes the activities and preliminary findings from the 2010 HWT EFP Spring Experiment (SE2010) conducted on 17 May-18 June. The HWT is jointly managed by the SPC, NSSL, and the National Weather Service (NWS) Oklahoma City/Norman Weather Forecast Office (OUN), which are all located within the National Weather Center building on the University of Oklahoma's south research campus. HWT facilities include a combined forecast and research area situated between the SPC and OUN operations rooms (Fig. 1). The proximity to operational facilities, and access to data and workstations replicating those used operationally within the SPC, creates a unique environment supporting collaboration between researchers and operational forecasters on topics of mutual interest. The HWT organizational structure is composed of the EFP, whose specific mission is focused on predicting hazardous mesoscale weather events on time scales ranging from a few hours to a week in advance, and on spatial domains from several counties to the CONUS, as well as the Experimental Warning Program and Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-R (GOES-R) Proving Ground.
The Advanced Regional Prediction System (ARPS) prediction model is employed to perform high resol... more The Advanced Regional Prediction System (ARPS) prediction model is employed to perform high resolution numerical simulations of a mesoscale convective system and associated cyclonic line-end vortex (LEV) that spawned several tornadoes in central Oklahoma on 8-9 May 2007. The simulation uses a 1000 km x 1000 km domain with 2 km horizontal grid spacing. The ARPS three-dimensional variational data assimilation (3DVAR) is used to assimilate a variety of different data types. All experiments assimilate routine surface and upper air observations as well as wind profiler and Oklahoma Mesonet data over a 1 h assimilation window. A subset of experiments assimilates radar data. Cloud and hydrometeor fields as well as in-cloud temperature are adjusted based on radar reflectivity data through the ARPS complex cloud analysis procedure. Radar data are assimilated from the WSR-88D network as well as from the Engineering Research Center for Collaborative and Adaptive Sensing of the Atmosphere's...
The current study examined the efficacy of Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) as a treatment method ... more The current study examined the efficacy of Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) as a treatment method for unipolar and bipolar depression using an objective measure through a retrospective chart review. First, this article discusses the history of ECT as well as issues in psychiatric diagnoses. Patients' progress in this study was measured by the hospital's psychiatrists as well as through the self-report measure, Clinically Useful Depression Scale (CUDOS). The sample consisted of 22 female and 8 male depressed inpatients and outpatients. A 2 × 2 mixed ANOVA revealed a significant interaction, showing improvement from pre-treatment to post-treatment in both genders. In post-treatment, female patients showed significantly more improvement than male patients. This study suggests that ECT results in depression reduction, especially in female patients. In addition, the CUDOS has shown to be a simple and effective self-report measure in assessing progress of depression including complex treatments, such as ECT. Recommendations for future ECT studies include: controlling for comorbidity and medication by obtaining a larger sample size to categorize patients according to medication type and dosage.
The Center for Collaborative Adaptive Sensing of the Atmosphere (CASA) first integrative project ... more The Center for Collaborative Adaptive Sensing of the Atmosphere (CASA) first integrative project (IP1) has provided researchers with radar data having high temporal and spatial resolution. These data are currently assimilated to produce short-term mesoscale forecasts of severe weather events. This case study considers a tornadic event that passed within range of the CASA network; multiple high-spatial and temporal resolution forecasts of these severe weather areas are examined. Five model runs were done, each using various combinations of NetRad (CASA) reflectivity, NEXRAD reflectivity, and Doppler radial velocity data.
nadoes Experiment-II (VORTEX2) field project was conducted in the spring of 2009 and 2010 (Wur-ma... more nadoes Experiment-II (VORTEX2) field project was conducted in the spring of 2009 and 2010 (Wur-man et al., 2010).1 The size and scope of the Verification of the Ori-gins of Rotation in Tornadoes Experiment-II (VOR-TEX2) field project (Wurman et al., 2010) required accurate forecasts to be made in order to plan the mission of the day and set up for future missions on following days. In 2009, the steering commit-tee was responsible for making the forecasts with input from the VOC. Each member of the steering committee would take turns producing the brief-ing for the daily morning PI mission planning-meeting. VORTEX2 utilized an armada of 35-40 vehicles with a variety of mobile observ-ing equipment. More than 100 scientists, students and media traveled over much of the Great Plains during the project. Although successful forecasts were made, the amount of time required of the steering commit-tee to create forecasts distracted from other mis-sion planning duties. To remove this distract...
Renewable energy sources, including solar energy, present opportunities for sustained development... more Renewable energy sources, including solar energy, present opportunities for sustained development and electrical generation with minor impacts on Earth. Solar energy systems are becoming more affordable and, despite Oklahoma’s abundant sunny days each year, the solar energy field remains untapped. From April 2017 to April 2018, a field experiment was carried out at the Oklahoma Mesonet site at the National Weather Center to analyze the solar insolation and solar energy production. A solar panel was instrumented with its own pyranometer to measure the global downwelling solar radiation at a tilt angle of 47 degrees, along with solar panel temperature, current, and voltage. This experimental data was compared with the standard data set of the Mesonet site, where a seasonal variation was observed in the relationship between the horizontal solar radiation and the solar radiation at the tilted surface. A cubic equation defined the relationship between the observed power and the solar rad...
The 2016–18 NOAA Hazardous Weather Testbed (HWT) Spring Forecasting Experiments (SFE) featured th... more The 2016–18 NOAA Hazardous Weather Testbed (HWT) Spring Forecasting Experiments (SFE) featured the Community Leveraged Unified Ensemble (CLUE), a coordinated convection-allowing model (CAM) ensemble framework designed to provide empirical guidance for development of operational CAM systems. The 2017 CLUE included 81 members that all used 3-km horizontal grid spacing over the CONUS, enabling direct comparison of forecasts generated using different dynamical cores, physics schemes, and initialization procedures. This study uses forecasts from several of the 2017 CLUE members and one operational model to evaluate and compare CAM representation and next-day prediction of thunderstorms. The analysis utilizes existing techniques and novel, object-based techniques that distill important information about modeled and observed storms from many cases. The National Severe Storms Laboratory Multi-Radar Multi-Sensor product suite is used to verify model forecasts and climatologies of observed va...
During the summers of 2016 and 2017, the Center for Analysis and Prediction of Storms (CAPS) ran ... more During the summers of 2016 and 2017, the Center for Analysis and Prediction of Storms (CAPS) ran real-time storm-scale ensemble forecasts (SSEFs) in support of the Hydrometeorology Testbed (HMT) Flash Flood and Intense Rainfall (FFaIR) experiment. These forecasts, using WRF-ARW and Nonhydrostatic Mesoscale Model on the B-grid (NMMB) in 2016, and WRF-ARW and GFDL Finite Volume Cubed-Sphere Dynamical Core (FV3) in 2017, covered the contiguous United States at 3-km horizontal grid spacing, and supported the generation and evaluation of precipitation forecast products, including ensemble probabilistic products. Forecasts of 3-h precipitation accumulation are evaluated. Overall, the SSEF produces skillful 3-h accumulated precipitation forecasts, with ARW members generally outperforming NMMB members and the single FV3 member run in 2017 outperforming ARW members; these differences are significant at some forecast hours. Statistically significant differences exist in the performance, in te...
The deployment of small unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) to collect routine in situ vertical profi... more The deployment of small unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) to collect routine in situ vertical profiles of the thermodynamic and kinematic state of the atmosphere in conjunction with other weather observations could significantly improve weather forecasting skill and resolution. High-resolution vertical measurements of pressure, temperature, humidity, wind speed and wind direction are critical to the understanding of atmospheric boundary layer processes integral to air–surface (land, ocean and sea ice) exchanges of energy, momentum, and moisture; how these are affected by climate variability; and how they impact weather forecasts and air quality simulations. We explore the potential value of collecting coordinated atmospheric profiles at fixed surface observing sites at designated times using instrumented UAS. We refer to such a network of autonomous weather UAS designed for atmospheric profiling and capable of operating in most weather conditions as a 3D Mesonet. We outline some of th...
Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 2018
One primary goal of annual Spring Forecasting Experiments (SFEs), which are coorganized by NOAA’s... more One primary goal of annual Spring Forecasting Experiments (SFEs), which are coorganized by NOAA’s National Severe Storms Laboratory and Storm Prediction Center and conducted in the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) Hazardous Weather Testbed, is documenting performance characteristics of experimental, convection-allowing modeling systems (CAMs). Since 2007, the number of CAMs (including CAM ensembles) examined in the SFEs has increased dramatically, peaking at six different CAM ensembles in 2015. Meanwhile, major advances have been made in creating, importing, processing, verifying, and developing tools for analyzing and visualizing these large and complex datasets. However, progress toward identifying optimal CAM ensemble configurations has been inhibited because the different CAM systems have been independently designed, making it difficult to attribute differences in performance characteristics. Thus, for the 2016 SFE, a much more coordinated effort among ma...
The Nationwide Network of Networks (NNoN) concept was introduced by the National Research Council... more The Nationwide Network of Networks (NNoN) concept was introduced by the National Research Council to address the growing need for a national mesoscale observing system and the continued advancement toward accurate high-resolution numerical weather prediction. The research test bed known as the Dallas–Fort Worth (DFW) Urban Demonstration Network was created to experiment with many kinds of mesoscale observations that could be used in a data assimilation system. Many nonconventional observations, including Earth Networks and Citizen Weather Observer Program surface stations, are combined with conventional operational data to form the test bed network. A principal component of the NNoN effort is the quantification of observation impact from several different sources of information. In this study, the GSI-based EnKF system was used together with the WRF-ARW Model to examine impacts of observations assimilated for forecasting convection initiation (CI) in the 3 April 2014 hail storm case...
An Engineering Research Center for the Collaborative Adaptive Sensing of the Atmosphere (CASA) wa... more An Engineering Research Center for the Collaborative Adaptive Sensing of the Atmosphere (CASA) was formed in the fall of 2003 by the National Science Foundation for the purpose of developing a dense network of small, low-cost, low-power radars that could collaboratively and adaptively sense the lower atmosphere (0-3 km AGL). Such a network is expected to dramatically improve sensing near the ground through a process called DCAS, distributive collaborative adaptive sensing. The CASA network is a dynamic, data-driven application system whereby the strategy for scanning will be an optimized network solution among competing end-user needs and weather constraints. Decision-making within the system will be made in real-time, with end-users providing automated and/or manual input to the system. Furthermore, each radar will have dualpolarization capability, and signal processing designed to minimize ground clutter contamination. Data collected from the CASA network will be assimilated in real-time for use in detection algorithms, numerical weather prediction and transportation models, and output disseminated to a wide array of end-users. Because of the distinct advantages of such a radar network, significant improvements are expected from the system in the analysis and prediction of surface weather conditions.
Multiscale convection-allowing precipitation forecast perturbations are examined for two forecast... more Multiscale convection-allowing precipitation forecast perturbations are examined for two forecasts and systematically over 34 forecasts out to 30-h lead time using Haar Wavelet decomposition. Two small-scale initial condition (IC) perturbation methods are compared to the larger-scale IC and physics perturbations in an experimental convection-allowing ensemble. For a precipitation forecast driven primarily by a synoptic-scale baroclinic disturbance, small-scale IC perturbations resulted in little precipitation forecast perturbation energy on medium and large scales, compared to larger-scale IC and physics (LGPH) perturbations after the first few forecast hours. However, for a case where forecast convection at the initial time grew upscale into a mesoscale convective system (MCS), small-scale IC and LGPH perturbations resulted in similar forecast perturbation energy on all scales after about 12 h. Small-scale IC perturbations added to LGPH increased total forecast perturbation energy ...
The Advanced Regional Prediction System (ARPS) is applied to operational numerical weather foreca... more The Advanced Regional Prediction System (ARPS) is applied to operational numerical weather forecast in Galicia, northwest Spain. A 72-hour forecast at a 10-km horizontal resolution is produced dta for the region. Located on the northwest coast of Spain and influenced by the Atlantic weather systems, Galicia has a high percentage (almost 50%) of rainy days per year. For these reasons, the precipitation processes and the initialization of moisture and cloud fields are very important. Even though the ARPS model has a sophisticated data analysis system (ADAS) that includes a 3D cloud analysis package, due to operational constraint, our current forecast starts from 12-hour forecast of the NCEP AVN model. Still, procedures from the ADAS cloud analysis are being used to construct the cloud fields based on AVN data, and then applied to initialize the microphysical variables in ARPS. Comparisons of the ARPS predictions with local observations show that ARPS can predict quite well both the daily total precipitation and its spatial distribution. ARPS also shows skill in predicting heavy rains and high winds, as observed during November 2000, and especially in the prediction of the November 5th, 2000 storm that caused widespread wind and rain damage in Galicia.
Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 2012
Annual Spring Experiments aim to accelerate the transfer of promising new concepts and tools from... more Annual Spring Experiments aim to accelerate the transfer of promising new concepts and tools from research to operations through intensive real-time forecasts and evaluations. B ackground. Each spring during the climatological peak of the severe weather season in the United States, the Experimental Forecast Program (EFP) of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) Hazardous Weather Testbed (HWT) conducts a multiagency collaborative forecasting experiment known as the HWT EFP Spring Experiment. Organized by the Storm Prediction Center (SPC) and National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL), the annual Spring Experiments test new concepts and technologies designed to improve the prediction of hazardous mesoscale weather. A primary goal is to accelerate the transfer of promising new tools from research to operations, while inspiring new initiatives for operationally relevant research, through intensive real-time experimental forecasting and evaluation activities (e.g., Weiss et al. 2007). This article summarizes the activities and preliminary findings from the 2010 HWT EFP Spring Experiment (SE2010) conducted on 17 May-18 June. The HWT is jointly managed by the SPC, NSSL, and the National Weather Service (NWS) Oklahoma City/Norman Weather Forecast Office (OUN), which are all located within the National Weather Center building on the University of Oklahoma's south research campus. HWT facilities include a combined forecast and research area situated between the SPC and OUN operations rooms (Fig. 1). The proximity to operational facilities, and access to data and workstations replicating those used operationally within the SPC, creates a unique environment supporting collaboration between researchers and operational forecasters on topics of mutual interest. The HWT organizational structure is composed of the EFP, whose specific mission is focused on predicting hazardous mesoscale weather events on time scales ranging from a few hours to a week in advance, and on spatial domains from several counties to the CONUS, as well as the Experimental Warning Program and Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-R (GOES-R) Proving Ground.
The Advanced Regional Prediction System (ARPS) prediction model is employed to perform high resol... more The Advanced Regional Prediction System (ARPS) prediction model is employed to perform high resolution numerical simulations of a mesoscale convective system and associated cyclonic line-end vortex (LEV) that spawned several tornadoes in central Oklahoma on 8-9 May 2007. The simulation uses a 1000 km x 1000 km domain with 2 km horizontal grid spacing. The ARPS three-dimensional variational data assimilation (3DVAR) is used to assimilate a variety of different data types. All experiments assimilate routine surface and upper air observations as well as wind profiler and Oklahoma Mesonet data over a 1 h assimilation window. A subset of experiments assimilates radar data. Cloud and hydrometeor fields as well as in-cloud temperature are adjusted based on radar reflectivity data through the ARPS complex cloud analysis procedure. Radar data are assimilated from the WSR-88D network as well as from the Engineering Research Center for Collaborative and Adaptive Sensing of the Atmosphere's...
The current study examined the efficacy of Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) as a treatment method ... more The current study examined the efficacy of Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) as a treatment method for unipolar and bipolar depression using an objective measure through a retrospective chart review. First, this article discusses the history of ECT as well as issues in psychiatric diagnoses. Patients' progress in this study was measured by the hospital's psychiatrists as well as through the self-report measure, Clinically Useful Depression Scale (CUDOS). The sample consisted of 22 female and 8 male depressed inpatients and outpatients. A 2 × 2 mixed ANOVA revealed a significant interaction, showing improvement from pre-treatment to post-treatment in both genders. In post-treatment, female patients showed significantly more improvement than male patients. This study suggests that ECT results in depression reduction, especially in female patients. In addition, the CUDOS has shown to be a simple and effective self-report measure in assessing progress of depression including complex treatments, such as ECT. Recommendations for future ECT studies include: controlling for comorbidity and medication by obtaining a larger sample size to categorize patients according to medication type and dosage.
The Center for Collaborative Adaptive Sensing of the Atmosphere (CASA) first integrative project ... more The Center for Collaborative Adaptive Sensing of the Atmosphere (CASA) first integrative project (IP1) has provided researchers with radar data having high temporal and spatial resolution. These data are currently assimilated to produce short-term mesoscale forecasts of severe weather events. This case study considers a tornadic event that passed within range of the CASA network; multiple high-spatial and temporal resolution forecasts of these severe weather areas are examined. Five model runs were done, each using various combinations of NetRad (CASA) reflectivity, NEXRAD reflectivity, and Doppler radial velocity data.
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