The purpose of this paper is to examine an Ontario high school apprenticeship program in carpentr... more The purpose of this paper is to examine an Ontario high school apprenticeship program in carpentry in terms of the opportunities and limits on learning that are apparent in schools, the training centre, and workplace. Our analysis of interviews with educators, apprenticeship training staff, and students suggests a variety of issues. At the level of schools, there is a need to clarify pathways to the trades and to better prepare students for the transition to apprenticeship. Within the training centre context, a number of features were conducive to the promotion of expansive learning. However, areas where more attention is arguably needed include the articulation of alternative pathways for students who fail, providing opportunities for students to provide feedback on their learning experience, and taking positive action to extend participation to non-traditional groups. However, implementing recommendations related to schools and the training centre will be of little value unless attention is also given to learning constraints in the workplace.
This article examines occupational health and safety (OHS), with a particular focus on youth appr... more This article examines occupational health and safety (OHS), with a particular focus on youth apprentices. It uses quantitative and qualitative data to examine the incidence of injuries among youth apprentices, and their experiences related to health and safety at work in Canada. Analysis of large-scale national surveys suggests a high incidence of work-related injuries among youth and low participation rates of younger workers in formal OHS training. A survey of 173 former Ontario Youth Apprenticeship Program (OYAP) and Registered Apprenticeship Program in Alberta (RAP) participants finds that one-fifth suffered serious occupational injuries, which required time off work. The results from this study have important implications for youth apprenticeship programs, particularly the OHS- and trade-specific knowledge required for youth to work safely during and following their apprenticeship training.
This article examines occupational health and safety (OHS), with a particular focus on youth appr... more This article examines occupational health and safety (OHS), with a particular focus on youth apprentices. It uses quantitative and qualitative data to examine the incidence of injuries among youth apprentices, and their experiences related to health and safety at work in Canada. Analysis of large-scale national surveys suggests a high incidence of work-related injuries among youth and low participation rates of younger workers in formal OHS training. A survey of 173 former Ontario Youth Apprenticeship Program (OYAP) and Registered Apprenticeship Program in Alberta (RAP) participants finds that one-fifth suffered serious occupational injuries, which required time off work. The results from this study have important implications for youth apprenticeship programs, particularly the OHS- and trade-specific knowledge required for youth to work safely during and following their apprenticeship training.
Table of Contents Main messages Executive summary KEY FINDINGS 1. CONTEXT Definitions of service ... more Table of Contents Main messages Executive summary KEY FINDINGS 1. CONTEXT Definitions of service learning Overview of CSL in the US Overview of CSL in Canada Conceptual thinking about CSL 2. IMPLICATIONS 3. APPROACH General overview of service learning literature: Keyword analysis Selection of literature for this report 4. RESULTS A.
Table of Contents Main messages Executive summary KEY FINDINGS 1. CONTEXT Definitions of service ... more Table of Contents Main messages Executive summary KEY FINDINGS 1. CONTEXT Definitions of service learning Overview of CSL in the US Overview of CSL in Canada Conceptual thinking about CSL 2. IMPLICATIONS 3. APPROACH General overview of service learning literature: Keyword analysis Selection of literature for this report 4. RESULTS A.
Abstract: This study analysed survey data from 525 students who took a community servicelearning ... more Abstract: This study analysed survey data from 525 students who took a community servicelearning (CSL) course between 2005 and 2012 at the University of Alberta. Since just over three-quarters of these students was female, this study explores gender differences in student experiences of service learning. For example, there are significant differences regarding the type of male and female involvement in community. The study also found significant gender differences in motivations for participating. In addition, while similar proportions of male and female students would recommend this form of learning to other students, they do so for different reasons. Finally, the analysis of open-ended questions shows other gender differences in experiences and suggests actions that might mitigate the gender gaps in CSL..
Abstract: This study analysed survey data from 525 students who took a community servicelearning ... more Abstract: This study analysed survey data from 525 students who took a community servicelearning (CSL) course between 2005 and 2012 at the University of Alberta. Since just over three-quarters of these students was female, this study explores gender differences in student experiences of service learning. For example, there are significant differences regarding the type of male and female involvement in community. The study also found significant gender differences in motivations for participating. In addition, while similar proportions of male and female students would recommend this form of learning to other students, they do so for different reasons. Finally, the analysis of open-ended questions shows other gender differences in experiences and suggests actions that might mitigate the gender gaps in CSL..
This article examines occupational health and safety (OHS), with a particular focus on youth appr... more This article examines occupational health and safety (OHS), with a particular focus on youth apprentices. It uses quantitative and qualitative data to examine the incidence of injuries among youth apprentices, and their experiences related to health and safety at work in Canada. Analysis of large-scale national surveys suggests a high incidence of work-related injuries among youth and low participation rates of younger workers in formal OHS training. A survey of 173 former Ontario Youth Apprenticeship Program (OYAP) and Registered Apprenticeship Program in Alberta (RAP) participants finds that one-fifth suffered serious occupational injuries, which required time off work. The results from this study have important implications for youth apprenticeship programs, particularly the OHS- and trade-specific knowledge required for youth to work safely during and following their apprenticeship training.
This article examines occupational health and safety (OHS), with a particular focus on youth appr... more This article examines occupational health and safety (OHS), with a particular focus on youth apprentices. It uses quantitative and qualitative data to examine the incidence of injuries among youth apprentices, and their experiences related to health and safety at work in Canada. Analysis of large-scale national surveys suggests a high incidence of work-related injuries among youth and low participation rates of younger workers in formal OHS training. A survey of 173 former Ontario Youth Apprenticeship Program (OYAP) and Registered Apprenticeship Program in Alberta (RAP) participants finds that one-fifth suffered serious occupational injuries, which required time off work. The results from this study have important implications for youth apprenticeship programs, particularly the OHS- and trade-specific knowledge required for youth to work safely during and following their apprenticeship training.
This paper explores how community service-learning (CSL) participants negotiate competing institu... more This paper explores how community service-learning (CSL) participants negotiate competing institutional logics in Canadian higher education. Drawing theoretically from new institutionalism and work on institutional logics, we consider how CSL has developed in Canadian universities and how participants discuss CSL in relation to other dominant institutional logics in higher education. Our analysis suggests participants’ responses to competing community, professional, and market logics vary depending on their positions within the field. We see actors’ use of hybrid logics to validate community-engaged learning as the strategy most likely to effect change in the field.
Since their official inception in the mid 1800s, Indigenous-aimed welfare policies in Canada have... more Since their official inception in the mid 1800s, Indigenous-aimed welfare policies in Canada have presupposed and entailed a racialized subject: the “lazy Indian.” This paper highlights continuities in how Indigenous subjects have been constructed in welfare policy discourse from 1867 to the present. Building from this historical overview, we analyze how today’s neoliberally inflected federal welfare regime at once recodes and reinscribes preexisting ethical narratives of “productive” and “unproductive” citizens, effectively casting Indigenous peoples as non-workers and thus “undeserving” of welfare relief. As our analysis indicates, further reform of welfare policies for Canada’s First Nations must first puncture the persistent myth of the “lazy Indian” in order to attend to the lasting legacy of colonial governance, contemporary barriers to self-sufficiency, and ongoing struggles for politico-economic sovereignty.
This paper explores how community service-learning (CSL) participants negotiate competing institu... more This paper explores how community service-learning (CSL) participants negotiate competing institutional logics in Canadian higher education. Drawing theoretically from new institutionalism and work on institutional logics, we consider how CSL has developed in Canadian universities and how participants discuss CSL in relation to other dominant institutional logics in higher education. Our analysis suggests participants’ responses to competing community, professional, and market logics vary depending on their positions within the field. We see actors’ use of hybrid logics to validate community-engaged learning as the strategy most likely to effect change in the field.
Cet article traite des questions qui entourent une modification que le gouvernement de l'Alberta ... more Cet article traite des questions qui entourent une modification que le gouvernement de l'Alberta a apportée récemment à l'âge actif, en l'abaissant à 12 ans. L'article situe cette décision dans le cadre plus vaste des changements qu'ont subis les normes du travail en Amérique du Nord et ailleurs dans le monde. Non seulement l'abaissement de l'âge actif contrevient aux principes des accords internationaux en matière de travail, mais il entre de plus en conflit avec d'autres politiques sociales qui visent à réduire la pauvreté chez les enfants, à accroître le taux de réussite scolaire et à offrir aux jeunes de meilleurs possibilités d'insertion professionnelle.
The oxidative burst constitutes one of the most rapid defence responses characterized in the Plan... more The oxidative burst constitutes one of the most rapid defence responses characterized in the Plant Kingdom. We have observed that four distinct elicitors of the soya bean oxidative burst activate kinases of masses approximately 44 kDa and approximately 47 kDa. Evidence that these kinases regulate production of reactive oxygen species include: (i) their rapid activation by oxidative burst elicitors, (ii) their tight temporal correlation between activation/deactivation of the kinases and activation/deactivation of the oxidative burst, (iii) the identical pharmacological profile of kinase activation and oxidant production for 13 commonly used inhibitors, and (iv) the autologous activation of both kinases and oxidant production by calyculin A and cantharidin, two phosphatase inhibitors. Immunological and biochemical studies reveal that the activated 44 kDa and 47 kDa kinases are mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase family members. The kinases prefer myelin basic protein as a substrate, and they phosphorylate primarily on threonine residues. The kinases are themselves phosphorylated on tyrosine residues, and this phosphorylation is required for activity. Finally, both kinases are recognized by an antibody against activated MAP kinase immediately after (but not before) cell stimulation by elicitors. Based on these and other observations, a preliminary sequence of signalling steps linking elicitor stimulation, kinase activation and Ca(2+) entry, to initiation of oxidant production, is proposed.
The purpose of this paper is to examine issues related to transitions to further education and wo... more The purpose of this paper is to examine issues related to transitions to further education and work for First Nation and Métis youth in a municipality in northern Alberta. Our case study supports the need, from a theoretical and practical perspective, for a broader view of youth transitions that attends to historical and institutional contexts, adopts an expanded view of learning-to-work, and includes the voices of First Nation and Métis youth. We argue that past and present government policies are implicated in the non-linear and extended transitions experienced by many Aboriginal youth, from high school to further education and work, resulting in a persistent opportunity gap. Effective education and training approaches, desired by First Nation and Métis people themselves, would seek to broaden horizons of action for Aboriginal youth, attend to the knowledge they already possess, and validate alternative ways of knowing. An expansive and critical approach to youth transitions moves the discussion from individual risk factors to the social, political, and economic tensions that impact Aboriginal youths' lives today.
Executive Summary The transition from education to working life has become a focus for policy mak... more Executive Summary The transition from education to working life has become a focus for policy makers across most OECD countries in recent years. A study of transition systems across 14 OECD countries (OECD, 2000) suggested that effective transition systems are ...
The purpose of this paper is to examine an Ontario high school apprenticeship program in carpentr... more The purpose of this paper is to examine an Ontario high school apprenticeship program in carpentry in terms of the opportunities and limits on learning that are apparent in schools, the training centre, and workplace. Our analysis of interviews with educators, apprenticeship training staff, and students suggests a variety of issues. At the level of schools, there is a need to clarify pathways to the trades and to better prepare students for the transition to apprenticeship. Within the training centre context, a number of features were conducive to the promotion of expansive learning. However, areas where more attention is arguably needed include the articulation of alternative pathways for students who fail, providing opportunities for students to provide feedback on their learning experience, and taking positive action to extend participation to non-traditional groups. However, implementing recommendations related to schools and the training centre will be of little value unless attention is also given to learning constraints in the workplace.
This article examines occupational health and safety (OHS), with a particular focus on youth appr... more This article examines occupational health and safety (OHS), with a particular focus on youth apprentices. It uses quantitative and qualitative data to examine the incidence of injuries among youth apprentices, and their experiences related to health and safety at work in Canada. Analysis of large-scale national surveys suggests a high incidence of work-related injuries among youth and low participation rates of younger workers in formal OHS training. A survey of 173 former Ontario Youth Apprenticeship Program (OYAP) and Registered Apprenticeship Program in Alberta (RAP) participants finds that one-fifth suffered serious occupational injuries, which required time off work. The results from this study have important implications for youth apprenticeship programs, particularly the OHS- and trade-specific knowledge required for youth to work safely during and following their apprenticeship training.
This article examines occupational health and safety (OHS), with a particular focus on youth appr... more This article examines occupational health and safety (OHS), with a particular focus on youth apprentices. It uses quantitative and qualitative data to examine the incidence of injuries among youth apprentices, and their experiences related to health and safety at work in Canada. Analysis of large-scale national surveys suggests a high incidence of work-related injuries among youth and low participation rates of younger workers in formal OHS training. A survey of 173 former Ontario Youth Apprenticeship Program (OYAP) and Registered Apprenticeship Program in Alberta (RAP) participants finds that one-fifth suffered serious occupational injuries, which required time off work. The results from this study have important implications for youth apprenticeship programs, particularly the OHS- and trade-specific knowledge required for youth to work safely during and following their apprenticeship training.
Table of Contents Main messages Executive summary KEY FINDINGS 1. CONTEXT Definitions of service ... more Table of Contents Main messages Executive summary KEY FINDINGS 1. CONTEXT Definitions of service learning Overview of CSL in the US Overview of CSL in Canada Conceptual thinking about CSL 2. IMPLICATIONS 3. APPROACH General overview of service learning literature: Keyword analysis Selection of literature for this report 4. RESULTS A.
Table of Contents Main messages Executive summary KEY FINDINGS 1. CONTEXT Definitions of service ... more Table of Contents Main messages Executive summary KEY FINDINGS 1. CONTEXT Definitions of service learning Overview of CSL in the US Overview of CSL in Canada Conceptual thinking about CSL 2. IMPLICATIONS 3. APPROACH General overview of service learning literature: Keyword analysis Selection of literature for this report 4. RESULTS A.
Abstract: This study analysed survey data from 525 students who took a community servicelearning ... more Abstract: This study analysed survey data from 525 students who took a community servicelearning (CSL) course between 2005 and 2012 at the University of Alberta. Since just over three-quarters of these students was female, this study explores gender differences in student experiences of service learning. For example, there are significant differences regarding the type of male and female involvement in community. The study also found significant gender differences in motivations for participating. In addition, while similar proportions of male and female students would recommend this form of learning to other students, they do so for different reasons. Finally, the analysis of open-ended questions shows other gender differences in experiences and suggests actions that might mitigate the gender gaps in CSL..
Abstract: This study analysed survey data from 525 students who took a community servicelearning ... more Abstract: This study analysed survey data from 525 students who took a community servicelearning (CSL) course between 2005 and 2012 at the University of Alberta. Since just over three-quarters of these students was female, this study explores gender differences in student experiences of service learning. For example, there are significant differences regarding the type of male and female involvement in community. The study also found significant gender differences in motivations for participating. In addition, while similar proportions of male and female students would recommend this form of learning to other students, they do so for different reasons. Finally, the analysis of open-ended questions shows other gender differences in experiences and suggests actions that might mitigate the gender gaps in CSL..
This article examines occupational health and safety (OHS), with a particular focus on youth appr... more This article examines occupational health and safety (OHS), with a particular focus on youth apprentices. It uses quantitative and qualitative data to examine the incidence of injuries among youth apprentices, and their experiences related to health and safety at work in Canada. Analysis of large-scale national surveys suggests a high incidence of work-related injuries among youth and low participation rates of younger workers in formal OHS training. A survey of 173 former Ontario Youth Apprenticeship Program (OYAP) and Registered Apprenticeship Program in Alberta (RAP) participants finds that one-fifth suffered serious occupational injuries, which required time off work. The results from this study have important implications for youth apprenticeship programs, particularly the OHS- and trade-specific knowledge required for youth to work safely during and following their apprenticeship training.
This article examines occupational health and safety (OHS), with a particular focus on youth appr... more This article examines occupational health and safety (OHS), with a particular focus on youth apprentices. It uses quantitative and qualitative data to examine the incidence of injuries among youth apprentices, and their experiences related to health and safety at work in Canada. Analysis of large-scale national surveys suggests a high incidence of work-related injuries among youth and low participation rates of younger workers in formal OHS training. A survey of 173 former Ontario Youth Apprenticeship Program (OYAP) and Registered Apprenticeship Program in Alberta (RAP) participants finds that one-fifth suffered serious occupational injuries, which required time off work. The results from this study have important implications for youth apprenticeship programs, particularly the OHS- and trade-specific knowledge required for youth to work safely during and following their apprenticeship training.
This paper explores how community service-learning (CSL) participants negotiate competing institu... more This paper explores how community service-learning (CSL) participants negotiate competing institutional logics in Canadian higher education. Drawing theoretically from new institutionalism and work on institutional logics, we consider how CSL has developed in Canadian universities and how participants discuss CSL in relation to other dominant institutional logics in higher education. Our analysis suggests participants’ responses to competing community, professional, and market logics vary depending on their positions within the field. We see actors’ use of hybrid logics to validate community-engaged learning as the strategy most likely to effect change in the field.
Since their official inception in the mid 1800s, Indigenous-aimed welfare policies in Canada have... more Since their official inception in the mid 1800s, Indigenous-aimed welfare policies in Canada have presupposed and entailed a racialized subject: the “lazy Indian.” This paper highlights continuities in how Indigenous subjects have been constructed in welfare policy discourse from 1867 to the present. Building from this historical overview, we analyze how today’s neoliberally inflected federal welfare regime at once recodes and reinscribes preexisting ethical narratives of “productive” and “unproductive” citizens, effectively casting Indigenous peoples as non-workers and thus “undeserving” of welfare relief. As our analysis indicates, further reform of welfare policies for Canada’s First Nations must first puncture the persistent myth of the “lazy Indian” in order to attend to the lasting legacy of colonial governance, contemporary barriers to self-sufficiency, and ongoing struggles for politico-economic sovereignty.
This paper explores how community service-learning (CSL) participants negotiate competing institu... more This paper explores how community service-learning (CSL) participants negotiate competing institutional logics in Canadian higher education. Drawing theoretically from new institutionalism and work on institutional logics, we consider how CSL has developed in Canadian universities and how participants discuss CSL in relation to other dominant institutional logics in higher education. Our analysis suggests participants’ responses to competing community, professional, and market logics vary depending on their positions within the field. We see actors’ use of hybrid logics to validate community-engaged learning as the strategy most likely to effect change in the field.
Cet article traite des questions qui entourent une modification que le gouvernement de l'Alberta ... more Cet article traite des questions qui entourent une modification que le gouvernement de l'Alberta a apportée récemment à l'âge actif, en l'abaissant à 12 ans. L'article situe cette décision dans le cadre plus vaste des changements qu'ont subis les normes du travail en Amérique du Nord et ailleurs dans le monde. Non seulement l'abaissement de l'âge actif contrevient aux principes des accords internationaux en matière de travail, mais il entre de plus en conflit avec d'autres politiques sociales qui visent à réduire la pauvreté chez les enfants, à accroître le taux de réussite scolaire et à offrir aux jeunes de meilleurs possibilités d'insertion professionnelle.
The oxidative burst constitutes one of the most rapid defence responses characterized in the Plan... more The oxidative burst constitutes one of the most rapid defence responses characterized in the Plant Kingdom. We have observed that four distinct elicitors of the soya bean oxidative burst activate kinases of masses approximately 44 kDa and approximately 47 kDa. Evidence that these kinases regulate production of reactive oxygen species include: (i) their rapid activation by oxidative burst elicitors, (ii) their tight temporal correlation between activation/deactivation of the kinases and activation/deactivation of the oxidative burst, (iii) the identical pharmacological profile of kinase activation and oxidant production for 13 commonly used inhibitors, and (iv) the autologous activation of both kinases and oxidant production by calyculin A and cantharidin, two phosphatase inhibitors. Immunological and biochemical studies reveal that the activated 44 kDa and 47 kDa kinases are mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase family members. The kinases prefer myelin basic protein as a substrate, and they phosphorylate primarily on threonine residues. The kinases are themselves phosphorylated on tyrosine residues, and this phosphorylation is required for activity. Finally, both kinases are recognized by an antibody against activated MAP kinase immediately after (but not before) cell stimulation by elicitors. Based on these and other observations, a preliminary sequence of signalling steps linking elicitor stimulation, kinase activation and Ca(2+) entry, to initiation of oxidant production, is proposed.
The purpose of this paper is to examine issues related to transitions to further education and wo... more The purpose of this paper is to examine issues related to transitions to further education and work for First Nation and Métis youth in a municipality in northern Alberta. Our case study supports the need, from a theoretical and practical perspective, for a broader view of youth transitions that attends to historical and institutional contexts, adopts an expanded view of learning-to-work, and includes the voices of First Nation and Métis youth. We argue that past and present government policies are implicated in the non-linear and extended transitions experienced by many Aboriginal youth, from high school to further education and work, resulting in a persistent opportunity gap. Effective education and training approaches, desired by First Nation and Métis people themselves, would seek to broaden horizons of action for Aboriginal youth, attend to the knowledge they already possess, and validate alternative ways of knowing. An expansive and critical approach to youth transitions moves the discussion from individual risk factors to the social, political, and economic tensions that impact Aboriginal youths' lives today.
Executive Summary The transition from education to working life has become a focus for policy mak... more Executive Summary The transition from education to working life has become a focus for policy makers across most OECD countries in recent years. A study of transition systems across 14 OECD countries (OECD, 2000) suggested that effective transition systems are ...
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