Type 2 diabetes frequently results from progressive failure of pancreatic beta-cell function in t... more Type 2 diabetes frequently results from progressive failure of pancreatic beta-cell function in the presence of chronic insulin resistance. We tested whether chronic amelioration of insulin resistance would preserve pancreatic beta-cell function and delay or prevent the onset of type 2 diabetes in high-risk Hispanic women. Women with previous gestational diabetes were randomized to placebo (n = 133) or the insulin-sensitizing drug troglitazone (400 mg/day; n = 133) administered in double-blind fashion. Fasting plasma glucose was measured every 3 months, and oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) were performed annually to detect diabetes. Intravenous glucose tolerance tests (IVGTTs) were performed at baseline and 3 months later to identify early metabolic changes associated with any protection from diabetes. Women who did not develop diabetes during the trial returned for OGTTs and IVGTTs 8 months after study medications were stopped. During a median follow-up of 30 months on blinded medication, average annual diabetes incidence rates in the 236 women who returned for at least one follow-up visit were 12.1 and 5.4% in women assigned to placebo and troglitazone, respectively (P < 0.01). Protection from diabetes in the troglitazone group 1) was closely related to the degree of reduction in endogenous insulin requirements 3 months after randomization, 2) persisted 8 months after study medications were stopped, and 3) was associated with preservation of beta-cell compensation for insulin resistance. Treatment with troglitazone delayed or prevented the onset of type 2 diabetes in high-risk Hispanic women. The protective effect was associated with the preservation of pancreatic beta-cell function and appeared to be mediated by a reduction in the secretory demands placed on beta-cells by chronic insulin resistance.
Cross-sections and angular distributions for hadronic and lepton pair final states in e + e − col... more Cross-sections and angular distributions for hadronic and lepton pair final states in e + e − collisions at a centre-of-mass energy near 189 GeV, measured with the OPAL detector at LEP, are presented and compared with the predictions of the Standard Model. The results are used to measure the energy dependence of the electromagnetic coupling constant α em , and to place limits on new physics as described by four-fermion contact interactions or by the exchange of a new heavy particle such as a sneutrino in supersymmetric theories with R-parity violation. A search for the indirect effects of the gravitational interaction in extra dimensions on the µ + µ − and τ + τ − final states is also presented.
Figure 1 | Foraminifera, oxygen and nitrate in sediment. a, Depth distribution of Rose-Bengal sta... more Figure 1 | Foraminifera, oxygen and nitrate in sediment. a, Depth distribution of Rose-Bengal stained G. pseudospinescens (hatched area) and oxygen (open circles). b, Porewater nitrate/nitrite (squares) and cell-bound nitrate (grey area) in sediment cores from the Gullmar Fjord, Sweden, August 2005. The error bars indicate the s.e.m (n ¼ 3).
The reflectance values published by Hass (1955) for highly-reflective aluminum coatings with and ... more The reflectance values published by Hass (1955) for highly-reflective aluminum coatings with and without dielectric overcoats for use in the UV region are contradicted by evaporated aluminum coatings produced under a wide range of deposition conditions. The reflectances of these coatings seem to be independent of both evaporation pressure and deposition time and rate, and do not have the characteristic decrease in reflectance with increasing wavelength. Attention is given to the origin of a reflectance dip in all the coatings examined, near 300 nm, which has not been reported previously and appears to be caused by neither adsorbed layers on the film nor trapped impurities within it.
Type 2 diabetes frequently results from progressive failure of pancreatic beta-cell function in t... more Type 2 diabetes frequently results from progressive failure of pancreatic beta-cell function in the presence of chronic insulin resistance. We tested whether chronic amelioration of insulin resistance would preserve pancreatic beta-cell function and delay or prevent the onset of type 2 diabetes in high-risk Hispanic women. Women with previous gestational diabetes were randomized to placebo (n = 133) or the insulin-sensitizing drug troglitazone (400 mg/day; n = 133) administered in double-blind fashion. Fasting plasma glucose was measured every 3 months, and oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) were performed annually to detect diabetes. Intravenous glucose tolerance tests (IVGTTs) were performed at baseline and 3 months later to identify early metabolic changes associated with any protection from diabetes. Women who did not develop diabetes during the trial returned for OGTTs and IVGTTs 8 months after study medications were stopped. During a median follow-up of 30 months on blinded medication, average annual diabetes incidence rates in the 236 women who returned for at least one follow-up visit were 12.1 and 5.4% in women assigned to placebo and troglitazone, respectively (P < 0.01). Protection from diabetes in the troglitazone group 1) was closely related to the degree of reduction in endogenous insulin requirements 3 months after randomization, 2) persisted 8 months after study medications were stopped, and 3) was associated with preservation of beta-cell compensation for insulin resistance. Treatment with troglitazone delayed or prevented the onset of type 2 diabetes in high-risk Hispanic women. The protective effect was associated with the preservation of pancreatic beta-cell function and appeared to be mediated by a reduction in the secretory demands placed on beta-cells by chronic insulin resistance.
Cross-sections and angular distributions for hadronic and lepton pair final states in e + e − col... more Cross-sections and angular distributions for hadronic and lepton pair final states in e + e − collisions at a centre-of-mass energy near 189 GeV, measured with the OPAL detector at LEP, are presented and compared with the predictions of the Standard Model. The results are used to measure the energy dependence of the electromagnetic coupling constant α em , and to place limits on new physics as described by four-fermion contact interactions or by the exchange of a new heavy particle such as a sneutrino in supersymmetric theories with R-parity violation. A search for the indirect effects of the gravitational interaction in extra dimensions on the µ + µ − and τ + τ − final states is also presented.
Figure 1 | Foraminifera, oxygen and nitrate in sediment. a, Depth distribution of Rose-Bengal sta... more Figure 1 | Foraminifera, oxygen and nitrate in sediment. a, Depth distribution of Rose-Bengal stained G. pseudospinescens (hatched area) and oxygen (open circles). b, Porewater nitrate/nitrite (squares) and cell-bound nitrate (grey area) in sediment cores from the Gullmar Fjord, Sweden, August 2005. The error bars indicate the s.e.m (n ¼ 3).
The reflectance values published by Hass (1955) for highly-reflective aluminum coatings with and ... more The reflectance values published by Hass (1955) for highly-reflective aluminum coatings with and without dielectric overcoats for use in the UV region are contradicted by evaporated aluminum coatings produced under a wide range of deposition conditions. The reflectances of these coatings seem to be independent of both evaporation pressure and deposition time and rate, and do not have the characteristic decrease in reflectance with increasing wavelength. Attention is given to the origin of a reflectance dip in all the coatings examined, near 300 nm, which has not been reported previously and appears to be caused by neither adsorbed layers on the film nor trapped impurities within it.
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Papers by Peter Ochoa