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Ronald Levant

The University of Akron, Psychology, Faculty Member

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Ronald F. Levant, EdD, MBA, ABPP, is Professor Emeritus of Psychology at The University of Akron; Past President of the American Psychological Association (APA) and APA Division 51, the Society for the Psychological Study of Men and Masculinities; and two-term Editor of APA Division 51's quarterly journal, Psychology of Men & Masculinities. He is widely considered one of the key people responsible for creating the new field of the psychology of men and masculinities.

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Papers by Ronald Levant

Masculinity Ideology and Its Measurement Using the Male Role Norms Inventory in All Forms

Springer eBooks, Dec 31, 2022

Communication Skills Training for Fathers of School-Aged Children

The Woman’s Nontraditional Sexuality Questionnaire-Short Form (WNSQ-SF): Development, Variance Composition, Reliability, Validity, and Measurement Invariance

Gender Issues, Apr 13, 2022

Emo" Culture and Gender Norms in Late Adolescents and Young Adults

Boyhood studies, Mar 1, 2013

The present study examined the extent to which youth who endorse emo subculture reject the tradit... more The present study examined the extent to which youth who endorse emo subculture reject the traditional masculine norm of restrictive emotionality. It also examined the relationships between endorsement and rejection of emo subculture and traditional masculine and feminine norms and masculine gender role conflict. In Study 1 (N = 13) three focus groups were conducted to create the mixed methods Emo Culture Questionnaire (ECQ). In Study 2 (N = 164) exploratory factor analysis of the quantitative part of the ECQ resulted in a 15-item, 4-factor scale; however, due to low reliabilities, only two scales were used in the analyses. Three hypotheses were mostly supported. The endorsement of emo subculture by men was negatively associated with their Restrictive Emotionality subscale scores of both the Male Role Norms Inventory-Revised (MRNI-R) and Gender Role Conflict Scale (GRCS). The endorsement of emo subculture by women was negatively associated with their MRNI-R Restrictive Emotionality scores but was not positively associated their Femininity Ideology Scale (FIS) Emotionality scores. Negative views of the emo subculture by both men and women were positively correlated with their MRNI-R Restrictive Emotionality scores. An exploratory question found that the endorsement of emo subculture had significant negative correlations with three additional MRNI-R subscales and the total scale for men and with five MRNI-R subscales and the total scale for women. In addition, the endorsement of emo subculture had significant negative correlations with two FIS subscales, and with two additional GRCS subscales and the total scale for men. Qualitative results from the ECQ indicated that while the label “emo” may not function as a personal identifier, the music, fashion, and behavior thus identified remain popular.

Evaluation of the Psychometric Properties of the Male Role Norms Inventory-Adolescent (MRNI-A)

Boyhood studies, 2008

Treating Masculinity: A Commentary on The Hybrid Case Study of "Tommy

Pragmatic Case Studies in Psychotherapy, Dec 29, 2020

Masculinity Barriers to Ever Completing Colorectal Cancer Screening among American Indian/Alaska Native, Black, and White Men (Ages 45–75)

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Mar 5, 2022

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more

Students’ Attitudes toward Working with Individuals Who Suffer From Serious and Persistent Mental Illness

An Evaluation of a Structured Approach to Treating Child Abuse

Fathers and Daughters

A Male Perspective on Parenting and Non-Parenting

Forms of Treatment for the Symptomatic Child: A Review and Critique

Social Class as a Moderator of the Relationship between Normative Male Alexithymia and Relationship Satisfaction

Male-Type and Prototypal Depression Trajectories for Men Experiencing Mental Health Problems

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Oct 7, 2020

A Comparison of Childfree and Child-Anticipated Married Couples

Family Relations, Apr 1, 1985

Using a voluntary sample, this study compared 32 Childfree with 20 Child-Anticipated couples in t... more

Client-Centered Skills-Training Programs for the Family: A Review of the Literature

The Counseling Psychologist, Sep 1, 1983

... Login to save citations to My List. Citation. Database: PsycINFO. [Journal Article]. Client-c... more

Client-Centered Therapy and the Person-Centered Approach: New Directions in Theory, Research, and Practice

Work and Family Variables as Related to Paternal Engagement, Responsibility, and Accessibility in Dual-Earner Couples with Young Children

Fathering, Feb 1, 2003

The Self-Stigma of Seeking Help (SSOSH) Scale: Measurement Invariance Across Men from Different Backgrounds

Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, Jan 19, 2023

Psychology of men

Oxford University Press eBooks, 2000

Masculinity Ideology and Its Measurement Using the Male Role Norms Inventory in All Forms

Springer eBooks, Dec 31, 2022

Communication Skills Training for Fathers of School-Aged Children

The Woman’s Nontraditional Sexuality Questionnaire-Short Form (WNSQ-SF): Development, Variance Composition, Reliability, Validity, and Measurement Invariance

Gender Issues, Apr 13, 2022

Emo" Culture and Gender Norms in Late Adolescents and Young Adults

Boyhood studies, Mar 1, 2013

The present study examined the extent to which youth who endorse emo subculture reject the tradit... more The present study examined the extent to which youth who endorse emo subculture reject the traditional masculine norm of restrictive emotionality. It also examined the relationships between endorsement and rejection of emo subculture and traditional masculine and feminine norms and masculine gender role conflict. In Study 1 (N = 13) three focus groups were conducted to create the mixed methods Emo Culture Questionnaire (ECQ). In Study 2 (N = 164) exploratory factor analysis of the quantitative part of the ECQ resulted in a 15-item, 4-factor scale; however, due to low reliabilities, only two scales were used in the analyses. Three hypotheses were mostly supported. The endorsement of emo subculture by men was negatively associated with their Restrictive Emotionality subscale scores of both the Male Role Norms Inventory-Revised (MRNI-R) and Gender Role Conflict Scale (GRCS). The endorsement of emo subculture by women was negatively associated with their MRNI-R Restrictive Emotionality scores but was not positively associated their Femininity Ideology Scale (FIS) Emotionality scores. Negative views of the emo subculture by both men and women were positively correlated with their MRNI-R Restrictive Emotionality scores. An exploratory question found that the endorsement of emo subculture had significant negative correlations with three additional MRNI-R subscales and the total scale for men and with five MRNI-R subscales and the total scale for women. In addition, the endorsement of emo subculture had significant negative correlations with two FIS subscales, and with two additional GRCS subscales and the total scale for men. Qualitative results from the ECQ indicated that while the label “emo” may not function as a personal identifier, the music, fashion, and behavior thus identified remain popular.

Evaluation of the Psychometric Properties of the Male Role Norms Inventory-Adolescent (MRNI-A)

Boyhood studies, 2008

Treating Masculinity: A Commentary on The Hybrid Case Study of "Tommy

Pragmatic Case Studies in Psychotherapy, Dec 29, 2020

Masculinity Barriers to Ever Completing Colorectal Cancer Screening among American Indian/Alaska Native, Black, and White Men (Ages 45–75)

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Mar 5, 2022

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more

Students’ Attitudes toward Working with Individuals Who Suffer From Serious and Persistent Mental Illness

An Evaluation of a Structured Approach to Treating Child Abuse

Fathers and Daughters

A Male Perspective on Parenting and Non-Parenting

Forms of Treatment for the Symptomatic Child: A Review and Critique

Social Class as a Moderator of the Relationship between Normative Male Alexithymia and Relationship Satisfaction

Male-Type and Prototypal Depression Trajectories for Men Experiencing Mental Health Problems

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Oct 7, 2020

A Comparison of Childfree and Child-Anticipated Married Couples

Family Relations, Apr 1, 1985

Using a voluntary sample, this study compared 32 Childfree with 20 Child-Anticipated couples in t... more

Client-Centered Skills-Training Programs for the Family: A Review of the Literature

The Counseling Psychologist, Sep 1, 1983

... Login to save citations to My List. Citation. Database: PsycINFO. [Journal Article]. Client-c... more

Client-Centered Therapy and the Person-Centered Approach: New Directions in Theory, Research, and Practice

Work and Family Variables as Related to Paternal Engagement, Responsibility, and Accessibility in Dual-Earner Couples with Young Children

Fathering, Feb 1, 2003

The Self-Stigma of Seeking Help (SSOSH) Scale: Measurement Invariance Across Men from Different Backgrounds

Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, Jan 19, 2023

Psychology of men

Oxford University Press eBooks, 2000