Economic analysis provides several methods for discovering the impact on social welfare associate... more Economic analysis provides several methods for discovering the impact on social welfare associated with changes in the ability of these assets to provide different goods and services. In general terms, these valuation exercises have been performed in the framework of Environmental Impact Assessment or, more generally, Cost Benefit Analysis. There is, however, an increasing demand nowadays to go beyond this framework and to value natural capital (natural resource stocks, land and ecosystems) as such. There are two main reasons for this new demand. On the one hand, sustainability requires that proper account should be taken of capital depreciation and, therefore, there is a need to value natural capital changes. This valuation process, nevertheless, only makes sense when some kind of substitution between natural and other forms of capital is allowed. On the other hand, there is also an increasing tendency to demand that the stock of natural capital present in a given territory be valued, either to discover one of the main components of social wealth or to help adequately plan changes in land use. Yet, whereas conventional valuation methods are probably adequate to fulfill the first task, this is less true in the case of the second, while even more difficulties arise in connection with the third one. Even if at first sight the process appears conceptually identical, these tasks are of a different order of magnitude, as the experience of both the World Bank and the Statistics Division of the United Nations in this respect clearly shows.
RESUMEN: La gestión eficiente de ciertos recursos renovables caracterizados por la propiedad comú... more RESUMEN: La gestión eficiente de ciertos recursos renovables caracterizados por la propiedad común y el libre acceso ha estado mediatizada por la denomi-nada «Tragedia de los Comunes». La literatura pionera en este campo enfatizaba la necesidad de un marco regulatorio que superara esta tendencia hacia la sobre-explotación y agotamiento del recurso. Elinor Ostrom, sin embargo, en un trabajo seminal, se apartaba de esta línea y reivindicaba, paradójicamente, soluciones basadas en la propiedad y gestión comunal, que parecían estar en el origen del problema. El presente trabajo tiene, en este sentido, un doble objetivo. En primer lugar, realizar una revisión de la literatura económica sobre la explotación de recursos naturales en los espacios comunales y de libre acceso, con especial referencia al caso de la pesca. En segundo, y trascendiendo lo anterior, llamar la atención sobre el hecho de que la solución de Ostrom, que devuelve a la gestión del recurso su componente territorial y loc...
PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences, 2017
opens new possibilities that may enhance the efficiency with which conventional education reaches... more opens new possibilities that may enhance the efficiency with which conventional education reaches its objectives. This is reflected in the fact that, in general, the returns to investment in human capital, both at the individual and the social level, are increased with the help of e-learning. Whereas the impact of e-learning on the acquisition of human capital seems, therefore, to be positive, the same cannot be said with the same level of confidence regarding the acquisition of social capital. As it is argued in this paper, the impact of e-learning on social capital at primary education, when developed as a substitute for the conventional school (distant e-learning) may well be negative. Taking into account the importance of some components of social capital with regard to the benefits of education, also from an economic point of view, the introduction of distant e-learning should not be done in an uncritical manner, but after a careful analysis of its impact on social capital. At ...
E-learning opens new possibilities that may enhance the efficiency with which conventional educat... more E-learning opens new possibilities that may enhance the efficiency with which conventional education reaches its objectives. This is reflected in the fact that, in general, the returns to investment in human capital, both at the individual and the social level, are increased with the help of e-learning. Whereas the impact of e-learning on the acquisition of human capital seems, therefore, to be positive, the same cannot be said with the same level of confidence regarding the acquisition of social capital. As it is argued in this paper, the impact of e-learning on social capital at primary education, when developed as a substitute for the conventional school (distant e-learning) may well be negative. Taking into account the importance of some components of social capital with regard to the benefits of education, also from an economic point of view, the introduction of distant e-learning should not be done in an uncritical manner, but after a careful analysis of its impact on social c...
Althoungh a homogeneous European banking system does not formally exist, there can be no doubt th... more Althoungh a homogeneous European banking system does not formally exist, there can be no doubt that the forthcoming entry of Spain into the EEC will make it necessary to introduce a number of substantial changes ¡n the financial system. This article analyses the problem under two heads: the effects of membership on the financial system in general and on the stock market in particular. As regards the flrst point, Directivo 77/780 passed in December 1977 by the Council of the Communities is the one which involves the greatest problems owing to the non-discriminatory and non-discretionary principies it embodies. An analysis of the situation of Spanich banks compared with those of the Community, and of Spanish legislation on thls topic, gives grounds for concern. However, statements madre by representatives of Spanish banks in discussions, seminars. round-table conferences, etc., analysed in the article, are optimistic in tone. Facts and figures about the evolution of the banking system...
This article starts from the recognition of the importance of maintaining extensive livestock far... more This article starts from the recognition of the importance of maintaining extensive livestock farming to conserve very valuable ecosystems. Extensive farming is characterized by low profitability and a strong dependence on Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) subsidies. A Logistic Biplot method was implemented to characterize livestock farms located within the Biosphere Reserve of the ‘Sierra de Béjar’ and ‘Sierra de Francia’. Finally, an environmental contract linked to the performance of clearing practices and the maintenance of stone walls was proposed.
Economic analysis provides several methods for discovering the impact on social welfare associate... more Economic analysis provides several methods for discovering the impact on social welfare associated with changes in the ability of these assets to provide different goods and services. In general terms, these valuation exercises have been performed in the framework of Environmental Impact Assessment or, more generally, Cost Benefit Analysis. There is, however, an increasing demand nowadays to go beyond this framework and to value natural capital (natural resource stocks, land and ecosystems) as such. There are two main reasons for this new demand. On the one hand, sustainability requires that proper account should be taken of capital depreciation and, therefore, there is a need to value natural capital changes. This valuation process, nevertheless, only makes sense when some kind of substitution between natural and other forms of capital is allowed. On the other hand, there is also an increasing tendency to demand that the stock of natural capital present in a given territory be valued, either to discover one of the main components of social wealth or to help adequately plan changes in land use. Yet, whereas conventional valuation methods are probably adequate to fulfill the first task, this is less true in the case of the second, while even more difficulties arise in connection with the third one. Even if at first sight the process appears conceptually identical, these tasks are of a different order of magnitude, as the experience of both the World Bank and the Statistics Division of the United Nations in this respect clearly shows.
RESUMEN: La gestión eficiente de ciertos recursos renovables caracterizados por la propiedad comú... more RESUMEN: La gestión eficiente de ciertos recursos renovables caracterizados por la propiedad común y el libre acceso ha estado mediatizada por la denomi-nada «Tragedia de los Comunes». La literatura pionera en este campo enfatizaba la necesidad de un marco regulatorio que superara esta tendencia hacia la sobre-explotación y agotamiento del recurso. Elinor Ostrom, sin embargo, en un trabajo seminal, se apartaba de esta línea y reivindicaba, paradójicamente, soluciones basadas en la propiedad y gestión comunal, que parecían estar en el origen del problema. El presente trabajo tiene, en este sentido, un doble objetivo. En primer lugar, realizar una revisión de la literatura económica sobre la explotación de recursos naturales en los espacios comunales y de libre acceso, con especial referencia al caso de la pesca. En segundo, y trascendiendo lo anterior, llamar la atención sobre el hecho de que la solución de Ostrom, que devuelve a la gestión del recurso su componente territorial y loc...
PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences, 2017
opens new possibilities that may enhance the efficiency with which conventional education reaches... more opens new possibilities that may enhance the efficiency with which conventional education reaches its objectives. This is reflected in the fact that, in general, the returns to investment in human capital, both at the individual and the social level, are increased with the help of e-learning. Whereas the impact of e-learning on the acquisition of human capital seems, therefore, to be positive, the same cannot be said with the same level of confidence regarding the acquisition of social capital. As it is argued in this paper, the impact of e-learning on social capital at primary education, when developed as a substitute for the conventional school (distant e-learning) may well be negative. Taking into account the importance of some components of social capital with regard to the benefits of education, also from an economic point of view, the introduction of distant e-learning should not be done in an uncritical manner, but after a careful analysis of its impact on social capital. At ...
E-learning opens new possibilities that may enhance the efficiency with which conventional educat... more E-learning opens new possibilities that may enhance the efficiency with which conventional education reaches its objectives. This is reflected in the fact that, in general, the returns to investment in human capital, both at the individual and the social level, are increased with the help of e-learning. Whereas the impact of e-learning on the acquisition of human capital seems, therefore, to be positive, the same cannot be said with the same level of confidence regarding the acquisition of social capital. As it is argued in this paper, the impact of e-learning on social capital at primary education, when developed as a substitute for the conventional school (distant e-learning) may well be negative. Taking into account the importance of some components of social capital with regard to the benefits of education, also from an economic point of view, the introduction of distant e-learning should not be done in an uncritical manner, but after a careful analysis of its impact on social c...
Althoungh a homogeneous European banking system does not formally exist, there can be no doubt th... more Althoungh a homogeneous European banking system does not formally exist, there can be no doubt that the forthcoming entry of Spain into the EEC will make it necessary to introduce a number of substantial changes ¡n the financial system. This article analyses the problem under two heads: the effects of membership on the financial system in general and on the stock market in particular. As regards the flrst point, Directivo 77/780 passed in December 1977 by the Council of the Communities is the one which involves the greatest problems owing to the non-discriminatory and non-discretionary principies it embodies. An analysis of the situation of Spanich banks compared with those of the Community, and of Spanish legislation on thls topic, gives grounds for concern. However, statements madre by representatives of Spanish banks in discussions, seminars. round-table conferences, etc., analysed in the article, are optimistic in tone. Facts and figures about the evolution of the banking system...
This article starts from the recognition of the importance of maintaining extensive livestock far... more This article starts from the recognition of the importance of maintaining extensive livestock farming to conserve very valuable ecosystems. Extensive farming is characterized by low profitability and a strong dependence on Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) subsidies. A Logistic Biplot method was implemented to characterize livestock farms located within the Biosphere Reserve of the ‘Sierra de Béjar’ and ‘Sierra de Francia’. Finally, an environmental contract linked to the performance of clearing practices and the maintenance of stone walls was proposed.
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