ABSTRACT The sol–gel technique and other innovative coating technologies were used for the chemic... more ABSTRACT The sol–gel technique and other innovative coating technologies were used for the chemical functionalisation of inert textile surfaces made from polyethylene terephthalate. The wet chemical methods, developed at the Institute of Textile Machinery and High Performance Materials Technology, are based on aminosilanes, polyamines and polysaccharides, in particular chitosan with and without additional cross-linkers. With the aid of silver diamine complexes, the functionalised textile materials were charged with cationic silver, which resulted in a solid coating of metallic particles after a chemical reduction had taken place. In order to obtain better bonding qualities, uniform silver particles of nanoscale size were implemented for a completely coated fibre surface, and comprehensive testing and examination of all experimental parameters of the functionalisation process, cationic adsorption and reductive metallisation were conducted. Characterisation of the added silver plating was accomplished with SEM, wet fastness analysis and atom absorption spectroscopy. The bonding properties, homogeneity, cracking, morphology, particle sizes and especially silver displacement were tested in aqueous media.
Carbon fiber (CF) must be protected from thermal oxidation for high temperature application becau... more Carbon fiber (CF) must be protected from thermal oxidation for high temperature application because of its low thermo-oxidative stability above 450℃ in air. CF is now increasingly being used as a reinforcing material in the construction industry. A thermal and oxidation resistant coating is necessary for CF-reinforced concrete (CFRC) composites in order to satisfy a high level of safety standard in the case of fire. New types of pre-ceramic coatings, such as Tyranno® polymer (Si–Ti based pre-ceramic) and SiO2 sol–gel, have been deposited on CF filament yarn by means of a wet chemical continuous dip coating method. The results of surface analyses, e.g. scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and infrared spectroscopy, showed the changes in topographical properties of CF caused by the coatings. Thermogravimetric analysis proved that the high temperature (up to 800℃) oxidation stability of CF was considerably improved due to the coatings. Tensile test results in...
ABSTRACT ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance t... more ABSTRACT ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Textile Materials for Lightweight Constructions, 2016
Principally, textile-reinforced composites consist of a form-giving matrix (polymers or inorganic... more Principally, textile-reinforced composites consist of a form-giving matrix (polymers or inorganic) and the reinforcement structures embedded in it. The third and less clearly distinguishable component, the interface between the aforementioned elements, is decisive for the quality and properties of the manufactured composite part. This layer is formed by the surfaces and interfaces (phase boundaries) of reinforcement fibers and matrixes as well as in the space between them. This is influenced by the interactions between fibers and the neighboring molding compound. The distance between the interfaces can be on the molecular level so that direct interactions are possible. The insertion of further mediating substance layers is also possible. This chapter gives an overview starting from the consideration of the involved materials at the molecular level, via the pre-treatment of textile surfaces, up to the application of functional finishing.
The metallised textile material available on the market is not suitable for several applications ... more The metallised textile material available on the market is not suitable for several applications because of its uneven metal layer with imperfections on the fibre surface, which leads to a lack of adhesion and failures of the metal layer, impairing further processing as well as the functioning of the metallised textiles. Furthermore the wet-chemical metallisation of textile substrates has so far been limited to only a few polymers (polyamide). In the framework of this work, the scientific basis for the antimicrobial and electrical functionalisation as well as modification of inert textile material made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) was acquired. Since textiles produced from PET have an inert and hydrophobic surface, which means they do not have functional groups, a wet-chemical one-bath and two-bath metallisation method was developed to permanently attach silver and silver compounds to the chemically inert fibre surface. ous and insufficient adhesion of the silver layer on the...
Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements, 1996
ABSTRACT The aldimine nBuN=CHiPr and phosphorus trichloride react to give phosphorus(III) amides ... more ABSTRACT The aldimine nBuN=CHiPr and phosphorus trichloride react to give phosphorus(III) amides in a 1:1 and 2:1 molar ratio. An imine-enamine tautomerism is proposed. In a [4+1] cycloaddition reaction diacetyl-(N-n-butyl)diimine and λσP-species, RPCl2 or EtOPCl2, form 1,2,3λσ -diazaphospholenes. The same diimine and (Et2N)2 PCl is furnishing annellated azaphospholenes. A 1,3,4λ σ -diazaphospholanium is formed from a λσ -phosphenium and iPrN=CMe2 . Phosphorus(III) amides P(NR2)3 (R= Me, Et) and O-trimethylsilylated diacetyldioxime give rise to yield the first monocyclic pentaazaphosphoranes.
ABSTRACT Undifferenziert betrachtet bestehen textilverstärkte Verbundwerkstoffe aus einer formgeb... more ABSTRACT Undifferenziert betrachtet bestehen textilverstärkte Verbundwerkstoffe aus einer formgebenden, polymeren oder anorganischen Matrix und den darin eingebetteten textilen Verstärkungsstrukturen. Ein dritter, weniger eindeutig erkennbarer Bestandteil, entscheidend für die Qualität und Eigenschaften des fertigen Bauteils, ist zwischen den beiden erstgenannten Komponenten zu finden, die Grenzschicht. Diese Schicht wird durch die Ober-und Grenzflächen (Phasengrenzen) von Verstärkungsfaser und Matrix sowie dem Raum dazwischen gebildet. Hier treten die Wechselwirkungen zwischen der Faser und der umgebenden Formmasse auf. Der Abstand zwischen den Phasengrenzen kann im molekularen Bereich liegen, so dass unmittelbare Wechselwirkungen möglich sind. Aber auch das Einbringen weiterer, vermittelnder Substanzschichten ist möglich. Dieses Kapitel gibt einen Überblick, ausgehend von der Betrachtung auf molekularer Ebene der beteiligten Materialien, über die Vorbehandlung der textilen Oberflächen, bis zur Applikation funktioneller Ausrüstung.
Inert polyethylene terephthalate (PET) yarns, which were spooled crosswise onto a cylindrical dye... more Inert polyethylene terephthalate (PET) yarns, which were spooled crosswise onto a cylindrical dyeing bobbin, were silvered successfully with a wet-chemical method by using a newly developed one-bath method on a laboratory scale. In order to characterize the silver coating such as design, homogeneity, and crack formation, the surface morphology (SM) was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The chemical compositions of the surface (percentage of carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, silicium, and silver) were investigated with energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Furthermore, the testing of textile-chemical and textile-physical properties such as the washing-fastness, tensile strength, and electrical conductivity was carried out.
The aim of this research is to develop a textile product to prevent and eliminate biological cont... more The aim of this research is to develop a textile product to prevent and eliminate biological contaminations in drinking water and other liquid-leading systems. Herein, the adjustment of the silver release from silvered textile materials with the retention of the antibactericidal qualities has been studied. The limited values for silver in drinking water in Germany (100 µg/l) must be considered as well. Moreover, the factors of the adjustment of the silver release, such as the concentration of the silver on the one hand and the reduction agent, the silvering process, the thermal fixation time and temperature, the size of the silver particles, and the thickness of the silver layer on the surface of textile materials for the silvering on the other hand have been systematically examined by using polyethylene terephthalate (PET) materials as a basis. Silver concentration in the elution has been detected by means of atom absorption spectroscopy (ZEEnit 700, Analytics Jena, Germany). The a...
Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements, 1991
In an oxidative addition reaction O,O′-bis(trimethylsilyl)diacetyldioxime 2 and triethylphosphite... more In an oxidative addition reaction O,O′-bis(trimethylsilyl)diacetyldioxime 2 and triethylphosphite give 1,3,2-Δ[sgrave]-diazaphospholene 3a which hydrolyzes to form (Z)-2,3-bis(hydroxylamino)-2-butene 4. Benzaldehyde and 4 condensate to furnish 1,3-dihydroxy-4,5-dimethyl-2-dimethyl-4-imidazoline 5. Tris(trimethylsilyl)phosphite and 2 react to give the first tris(trimethylsiloxy)phosphorane 3b.
ABSTRACT The sol–gel technique and other innovative coating technologies were used for the chemic... more ABSTRACT The sol–gel technique and other innovative coating technologies were used for the chemical functionalisation of inert textile surfaces made from polyethylene terephthalate. The wet chemical methods, developed at the Institute of Textile Machinery and High Performance Materials Technology, are based on aminosilanes, polyamines and polysaccharides, in particular chitosan with and without additional cross-linkers. With the aid of silver diamine complexes, the functionalised textile materials were charged with cationic silver, which resulted in a solid coating of metallic particles after a chemical reduction had taken place. In order to obtain better bonding qualities, uniform silver particles of nanoscale size were implemented for a completely coated fibre surface, and comprehensive testing and examination of all experimental parameters of the functionalisation process, cationic adsorption and reductive metallisation were conducted. Characterisation of the added silver plating was accomplished with SEM, wet fastness analysis and atom absorption spectroscopy. The bonding properties, homogeneity, cracking, morphology, particle sizes and especially silver displacement were tested in aqueous media.
Carbon fiber (CF) must be protected from thermal oxidation for high temperature application becau... more Carbon fiber (CF) must be protected from thermal oxidation for high temperature application because of its low thermo-oxidative stability above 450℃ in air. CF is now increasingly being used as a reinforcing material in the construction industry. A thermal and oxidation resistant coating is necessary for CF-reinforced concrete (CFRC) composites in order to satisfy a high level of safety standard in the case of fire. New types of pre-ceramic coatings, such as Tyranno® polymer (Si–Ti based pre-ceramic) and SiO2 sol–gel, have been deposited on CF filament yarn by means of a wet chemical continuous dip coating method. The results of surface analyses, e.g. scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and infrared spectroscopy, showed the changes in topographical properties of CF caused by the coatings. Thermogravimetric analysis proved that the high temperature (up to 800℃) oxidation stability of CF was considerably improved due to the coatings. Tensile test results in...
ABSTRACT ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance t... more ABSTRACT ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Textile Materials for Lightweight Constructions, 2016
Principally, textile-reinforced composites consist of a form-giving matrix (polymers or inorganic... more Principally, textile-reinforced composites consist of a form-giving matrix (polymers or inorganic) and the reinforcement structures embedded in it. The third and less clearly distinguishable component, the interface between the aforementioned elements, is decisive for the quality and properties of the manufactured composite part. This layer is formed by the surfaces and interfaces (phase boundaries) of reinforcement fibers and matrixes as well as in the space between them. This is influenced by the interactions between fibers and the neighboring molding compound. The distance between the interfaces can be on the molecular level so that direct interactions are possible. The insertion of further mediating substance layers is also possible. This chapter gives an overview starting from the consideration of the involved materials at the molecular level, via the pre-treatment of textile surfaces, up to the application of functional finishing.
The metallised textile material available on the market is not suitable for several applications ... more The metallised textile material available on the market is not suitable for several applications because of its uneven metal layer with imperfections on the fibre surface, which leads to a lack of adhesion and failures of the metal layer, impairing further processing as well as the functioning of the metallised textiles. Furthermore the wet-chemical metallisation of textile substrates has so far been limited to only a few polymers (polyamide). In the framework of this work, the scientific basis for the antimicrobial and electrical functionalisation as well as modification of inert textile material made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) was acquired. Since textiles produced from PET have an inert and hydrophobic surface, which means they do not have functional groups, a wet-chemical one-bath and two-bath metallisation method was developed to permanently attach silver and silver compounds to the chemically inert fibre surface. ous and insufficient adhesion of the silver layer on the...
Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements, 1996
ABSTRACT The aldimine nBuN=CHiPr and phosphorus trichloride react to give phosphorus(III) amides ... more ABSTRACT The aldimine nBuN=CHiPr and phosphorus trichloride react to give phosphorus(III) amides in a 1:1 and 2:1 molar ratio. An imine-enamine tautomerism is proposed. In a [4+1] cycloaddition reaction diacetyl-(N-n-butyl)diimine and λσP-species, RPCl2 or EtOPCl2, form 1,2,3λσ -diazaphospholenes. The same diimine and (Et2N)2 PCl is furnishing annellated azaphospholenes. A 1,3,4λ σ -diazaphospholanium is formed from a λσ -phosphenium and iPrN=CMe2 . Phosphorus(III) amides P(NR2)3 (R= Me, Et) and O-trimethylsilylated diacetyldioxime give rise to yield the first monocyclic pentaazaphosphoranes.
ABSTRACT Undifferenziert betrachtet bestehen textilverstärkte Verbundwerkstoffe aus einer formgeb... more ABSTRACT Undifferenziert betrachtet bestehen textilverstärkte Verbundwerkstoffe aus einer formgebenden, polymeren oder anorganischen Matrix und den darin eingebetteten textilen Verstärkungsstrukturen. Ein dritter, weniger eindeutig erkennbarer Bestandteil, entscheidend für die Qualität und Eigenschaften des fertigen Bauteils, ist zwischen den beiden erstgenannten Komponenten zu finden, die Grenzschicht. Diese Schicht wird durch die Ober-und Grenzflächen (Phasengrenzen) von Verstärkungsfaser und Matrix sowie dem Raum dazwischen gebildet. Hier treten die Wechselwirkungen zwischen der Faser und der umgebenden Formmasse auf. Der Abstand zwischen den Phasengrenzen kann im molekularen Bereich liegen, so dass unmittelbare Wechselwirkungen möglich sind. Aber auch das Einbringen weiterer, vermittelnder Substanzschichten ist möglich. Dieses Kapitel gibt einen Überblick, ausgehend von der Betrachtung auf molekularer Ebene der beteiligten Materialien, über die Vorbehandlung der textilen Oberflächen, bis zur Applikation funktioneller Ausrüstung.
Inert polyethylene terephthalate (PET) yarns, which were spooled crosswise onto a cylindrical dye... more Inert polyethylene terephthalate (PET) yarns, which were spooled crosswise onto a cylindrical dyeing bobbin, were silvered successfully with a wet-chemical method by using a newly developed one-bath method on a laboratory scale. In order to characterize the silver coating such as design, homogeneity, and crack formation, the surface morphology (SM) was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The chemical compositions of the surface (percentage of carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, silicium, and silver) were investigated with energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Furthermore, the testing of textile-chemical and textile-physical properties such as the washing-fastness, tensile strength, and electrical conductivity was carried out.
The aim of this research is to develop a textile product to prevent and eliminate biological cont... more The aim of this research is to develop a textile product to prevent and eliminate biological contaminations in drinking water and other liquid-leading systems. Herein, the adjustment of the silver release from silvered textile materials with the retention of the antibactericidal qualities has been studied. The limited values for silver in drinking water in Germany (100 µg/l) must be considered as well. Moreover, the factors of the adjustment of the silver release, such as the concentration of the silver on the one hand and the reduction agent, the silvering process, the thermal fixation time and temperature, the size of the silver particles, and the thickness of the silver layer on the surface of textile materials for the silvering on the other hand have been systematically examined by using polyethylene terephthalate (PET) materials as a basis. Silver concentration in the elution has been detected by means of atom absorption spectroscopy (ZEEnit 700, Analytics Jena, Germany). The a...
Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements, 1991
In an oxidative addition reaction O,O′-bis(trimethylsilyl)diacetyldioxime 2 and triethylphosphite... more In an oxidative addition reaction O,O′-bis(trimethylsilyl)diacetyldioxime 2 and triethylphosphite give 1,3,2-Δ[sgrave]-diazaphospholene 3a which hydrolyzes to form (Z)-2,3-bis(hydroxylamino)-2-butene 4. Benzaldehyde and 4 condensate to furnish 1,3-dihydroxy-4,5-dimethyl-2-dimethyl-4-imidazoline 5. Tris(trimethylsilyl)phosphite and 2 react to give the first tris(trimethylsiloxy)phosphorane 3b.
Uploads
Papers by Heike Hund